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- 1. 頚動脈内膜剥離術 carotid endarterectomy
English Journal
- Measuring the effect of avermectins and milbemycins on somatic muscle contraction of adult Haemonchus contortus and on motility of Ostertagia circumcincta in vitro.
- Demeler J1, VON Samson-Himmelstjerna G1, Sangster NC2.Author information 1Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 67, 14163 Berlin, Germany.2Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, 2006 NSW, Australia.AbstractSUMMARY The mechanism of anthelmintic resistance against the widely used macrocyclic lactones (MLs) is still not fully understood. Pharyngeal, somatic body muscles and the ovijector have been proposed as putative sites of action as well as resistance. In the present study the effects of three avermectins and three milbemycins on adult parasitic nematodes were evaluated in vitro. The Muscle Transducer system was used to investigate the effects of MLs on muscle contraction in female Haemonchus contortus and effects on motility were measured in Ostertagia (Teladorsagia) circumcincta using the Micromotility Meter. Concentration-response curves for all substances in both systems shifted to the right in the resistant isolates. Resistance was present to ivermectin (IVM) and its components IVM B1a and IVM B1b, suggesting that both components are involved in the mode of action and resistance. No consistent patterns of potency and resistance of the substances were observed except that milbemycins generally showed lower resistance ratios (RRs) than IVM. IVM and IVM B1b were the most potent inhibitors of contraction and motility in both susceptible isolates and also showed the highest RR in both species. Low RRs for milbemycins recorded in vitro for highly resistant isolates in vivo suggest that other factors such as pharmacokinetics influence drug potency in vivo.
- Parasitology.Parasitology.2014 Jun;141(7):948-56. doi: 10.1017/S0031182013002291. Epub 2014 Feb 27.
- SUMMARY The mechanism of anthelmintic resistance against the widely used macrocyclic lactones (MLs) is still not fully understood. Pharyngeal, somatic body muscles and the ovijector have been proposed as putative sites of action as well as resistance. In the present study the effects of three averme
- PMID 24576444
- Gross anatomical observations of attachments of the middle pharyngeal constrictor.
- Sakamoto Y.Author information Basic Sciences of Oral Health Care, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.AbstractThe pharyngeal muscles overlap each other and some of their parts have different areas of origin. Such arrangements make the interrelationships among pharyngeal muscles complicated. This study investigated the attachments of the middle constrictor to clarify its configuration and re-examine its functions. The gross anatomies of the pharyngeal and neighboring muscles were examined in 41 cadavers. The middle constrictor arose from the stylohyoid ligament and the hyoid bone, and its fibers were divided into three overlapping groups. The anterosuperior group ascended posterosuperiorly from the ligament and the lesser horn and fanned out. The middle group ascended posterosuperiorly from the greater horn and fanned out. The posteroinferior group fanned out from the posterior part of the greater horn, while the middle constrictor arose internally to the hyoglossus; some fibers often passed externally, and their fibers sometimes intersected around the lingual artery, which ran between them. Some fibers attached to the hyoglossus, occasionally to the stylohyoid and the posterior belly of the digastric, but seldom to the lingual artery and the triticeal cartilage in the thyrohyoid ligament. The three groups were inserted into the pharyngeal raphe, and the descending fibers joined the longitudinal pharyngeal muscles. The ascending and descending fibers rarely reached the top of the pharynx and the thyroid cartilage, respectively. The fiber arrangement suggested that, besides constriction of the pharynx, the ascending and descending fibers of the middle constrictor can act as an elevator muscle, and the irregular attachments could affect the functions of the muscles and vessels. Clin. Anat. 603-609, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
- Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.).Clin Anat.2014 May;27(4):603-9. doi: 10.1002/ca.22344. Epub 2013 Dec 17.
- The pharyngeal muscles overlap each other and some of their parts have different areas of origin. Such arrangements make the interrelationships among pharyngeal muscles complicated. This study investigated the attachments of the middle constrictor to clarify its configuration and re-examine its func
- PMID 24343865
- Palatal myoclonus: Algorithm for management with botulinum toxin based on clinical disease characteristics.
- Sinclair CF1, Gurey LE, Blitzer A.Author information 1New York Center for Voice and Swallowing Disorders, St. Luke's Roosevelt Medical Center, New York, New York, U.S.A.AbstractOBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To review the clinical characteristics and management of patients with palatal myoclonus and devise an algorithm for treatment with botulinum toxin based on presenting symptoms, clinical examination findings, and involved muscle groups.
- The Laryngoscope.Laryngoscope.2014 May;124(5):1164-9. doi: 10.1002/lary.23485. Epub 2014 Mar 25.
- OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To review the clinical characteristics and management of patients with palatal myoclonus and devise an algorithm for treatment with botulinum toxin based on presenting symptoms, clinical examination findings, and involved muscle groups.STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review
- PMID 24668771
Japanese Journal
- ヒト咽頭挙筋群の起始・走行ならびに停止に関する肉眼解剖学的研究
- 角田 佳折
- 四国歯学会雑誌 20(1), 13-26, 2007-06
- … Using 50 cadavers, the pharyngeal longitudinal muscles, the palatopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus and stylopharyngeus, were bilaterally dissected out as the full length of muscles. … The stylopharyngeus arose from the styloid process and entered the submucous layer of the pharynx to join the superficial portion of the palatopharyngeus. … Insertion 1, derived from the stylopharyngeus, descended to reach submucous layers of EV. …
- NAID 110006561004
- 副咽頭間隙の形態 - 軸位断CTにおける計測 -
- 市村 恵一,加瀬 康弘,飯沼 壽孝
- 日本耳鼻咽喉科学会会報 94(4), 500-505, 1991
- … layer of deep cervical fascia.It is easily recognized in images provided by modern scanning devices, such as CT and MRI.Paraphar- yngeal space has traditionally been devided by styloid process and fascia of tensor veli palatini muscle(nasopharyngeal level)or fascia of stylopharyngeus muscle(oropharyngeal level)into two compartments, prestyloid and poststyloid spaces.The latter is often called as carotid space.Prestyloid portion exclusively contains fat tissue, which yields hypoabsorption area in CT films and high density area in MRI.In most of papers …
- NAID 130000805774
- Localization of motoneurons innervating the stylopharyngeus muscle in the cat.
- LOVEREN H. V.
- Neurosci. Lett. 58, 251-255, 1985
- NAID 10005816643
Related Links
- The stylopharyngeus is a muscle in the head that stretches between the temporal styloid process and the pharynx. Contents. 1 Structure; 2 Innervation; 3 Actions; 4 Embryological origin; 5 See also; 6 Additional images; 7 External links ...
- 8 Apr 2012 ... Stylopharyngeus (1ST SLIDE) 1. The stylopharyngeus muscle relates to certain muscles of the pharynx, which are linked to muscles of the face, the tongue, and...
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★リンクテーブル★
| リンク元 | 「茎突咽頭筋」 |
「茎突咽頭筋」
- 英
- stylopharyngeus (K)
- 関
- 咽頭筋
- 咽頭の内層をなす
起始
停止
神経
機能
Henry Gray (1825-1861). Anatomy of the Human Body. 1918.