stag beetle

　

WordNet

1. a kind of lamellicorn beetle; the male has branched mandibles resembling antlers
2. fly or go in a manner resembling a beetle; "He beetled up the staircase"; "They beetled off home"
3. insect having biting mouthparts and front wings modified to form horny covers overlying the membranous rear wings
4. jutting or overhanging; "beetle brows" (同)beetling
5. beat with a beetle
6. biennial Eurasian plant usually having a swollen edible root; widely cultivated as a food crop (同)common beet, Beta_vulgaris
7. round red root vegetable (同)beetroot
8. attend a dance or a party without a female companion
9. adult male deer
10. getting rid of a stage of a multistage rocket
11. travel by stagecoach
12. written for or performed on the stage; "a staged version of the novel"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 甲虫,カブトムシ;(一般に)甲虫に似た虫類(ゴキブリなど)
2. (木製の)大づち,かけや,布打ち用のつち,すりこぎ,きね / (大づちで)…'を'打ち込む
3. 〈まゆ,がけなどが〉出っぱっている,突き出る / 出っぱっている;(特にまゆ毛が)突き出ている
4. 〈C〉《しばしば複数形》(野菜サラダなどに用いる)赤かぶ,サンゴジュナ(red beet)(葉・根ともに食用) / 〈U〉〈C〉《米》その根の部分《英》beetroot) / 〈C〉砂糖大根
5. 雄ジカ / 《米話》(社交的な集まりに)婦人を同伴しない男 / 男性用の,男性のみ出席する,男性向けの / 女性を同謀しないで
6. 〈U〉足場 / 〈U〉〈C〉(劇の)上演,演出[方法]

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/12/29 06:54:37」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

Stag beetles
Male Lamprima aurata
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Coleoptera
Suborder:	Polyphaga
Infraorder:	Scarabaeiformia
Superfamily:	Scarabaeoidea
Family:	Lucanidae Latreille, 1804
Subfamilies
Aesalinae Lampriminae Lucaninae Syndesinae

Stag beetles are a group of about 1,200 species of beetle in the family Lucanidae, presently classified in four subfamilies Some species grow up to over 12 cm (4.8 in), but most are about 5 cm (2 in).

Overview

The English name is derived from the large and distinctive mandibles found on the males of most species, which resemble the antlers of stags.

A well-known species in much of Europe is Lucanus cervus, referred to in some European countries (including United Kingdom) as "the" stag beetle (it is the largest terrestrial insect in Europe). Pliny the Elder noted that Nigidius called the stag beetle lucanus after the Italian region of Lucania where they were used as amulets. The scientific name of Lucanus cervus is this word, plus cervus, deer.

Male stag beetles use their jaws to wrestle each other for favoured mating sites in a manner that parallels the way stags fight over females. Fights may also be over food, such as tree sap and decaying fruits. Despite their often fearsome appearance they are not normally aggressive to humans.

Female stag beetles are usually smaller than the males, with smaller mandibles. As larvae, females can be distinguished from males by the presence of cream-coloured, fat ovaries visible through the skin around ²⁄₃ down the larva's back.

The larvae feed for several years on rotting deciduous wood, growing through three larval stages until eventually pupating inside a pupal cell constructed from surrounding wood pieces and soil particles. In the final larval stage, "L3", the grubs of larger species, such as Prosopocoilus giraffa, may be the size of a human finger.

Antler allometry in Metopodontus savagei

Antler allometry

Lucanidae express male-specific "weapon traits" (antler size) that often show size variations among individual males.This is termed scaling relationship or static allometry. Environmental conditions during development affect absolute weapon size but there are genetic factors.

Taxonomy

See Taxonomy of Lucanidae Currently the only means of identification of world species is the illustrated text by Mizunuma, T. and S. Nagai. 1994. The Lucanid Beetles of the World. Mushi-sha, Tokyo. 337 pp. based on the work Catalogue illustré des lucanides du globe in Encyclopédie Entomologique (series A 27: 1-223) by Robert Didier and Eugene Seguy.

Mating pair

Stag In Flight

Cacostomus squamosus   Dorcus curvidens   Dorcus parallelipipedus   Lamprima adolphinae   Lucanus cervus Male   Lucanus maculifemoratus   Lucanus swinhoei   Odontolabis cuvera   Odontolabis femoralis   Prosopocoilus astacoides   Prosopocoilus giraffa   Rhaetulus crenatus

References

External links

• Data related to Lucanidae at Wikispecies
• Media related to Lucanidae at Wikimedia Commons
• Flickr Images
• Stag beetle info Research site containing lots of information on the stag beetle as well as information on current conservation schemes.
• M.J. Paulsen. "Annotated Checklist of the New World Lucanidae". http://www-museum.unl.edu/research/entomology/Guide/Scarabaeoidea/Lucanidae/Lucanidae-Catalog/LucanidaeC.htm. Checklist of New World stag beetles with links to pages with additional information and images.
• Taiwanese picture gallery
• Toma Libich. "Goliathus.com: gallery of Lucanidae". http://www.goliathus.com/en/en-lucanidae.html.
• "Gallery of Lucanidae". http://www.goliathus.cz/en/museum-lucanidae-2.html.
• J M Maes. "Biodiversity: section on Lucanidae with a world catalogue and a world bibliography". http://www.bio-nica.info.
• Asahinet Stag beetles on postage stamps and species illustrations.
• Lucanes du Monde Image rich French blog
• Images (portal)
• TOL
• The Lucanid (Stag) Beetles of the World Extra detailed specimen photobook 2009
• UNL Generic Guide to New World Scarabs- Lucanidae,
• UK Stag Beetle School Project A UK school project about Stag Beetles (collecting data on populations)

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

• Juvenile hormone regulates extreme mandible growth in male stag beetles.

• Gotoh H, Cornette R, Koshikawa S, Okada Y, Lavine LC, Emlen DJ, Miura T.SourceLaboratory of Ecological Genetics, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
• PloS one.PLoS One.2011;6(6):e21139. Epub 2011 Jun 22.
• The morphological diversity of insects is one of the most striking phenomena in biology. Evolutionary modifications to the relative sizes of body parts, including the evolution of traits with exaggerated proportions, are responsible for a vast range of body forms. Remarkable examples of an insect tr
• PMID 21731659

• Diversification in subtropical mountains: phylogeography, Pleistocene demographic expansion, and evolution of polyphenic mandibles in Taiwanese stag beetle, Lucanus formosanus.

• Huang JP, Lin CP.SourceDepartment of Life Science & Center for Tropical Ecology and Biodiversity, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704, Taiwan. huangjp@umich.edu
• Molecular phylogenetics and evolution.Mol Phylogenet Evol.2010 Dec;57(3):1149-61. Epub 2010 Oct 28.
• Pleistocene glacial oscillations have had profound impacts on the historical population dynamics of extant species. However, the genetic consequences of past climatic changes depend largely on the latitude and topography of the regions in question. This study investigates the effect of Pleistocene g
• PMID 20971199

Japanese Journal

• カブトムシとクワガタムシの闘争行動にみられる意外な共通点 (特集 樹液と昆虫)

• 昆虫と自然 51(6), 5-8,図巻頭1p, 2016-06
• NAID 40020878898

• Antibiotic-producing bacteria from stag beetle mycangia

• Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics advpub(0), 2015
• NAID 130005054807

• Antibiotic-producing bacteria from stag beetle mycangia

• Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics 9(1), 33-37, 2015
• NAID 130005054806

Related Links

• クワガタムシ - Wikipedia

英語では「Stag beetle」と表現され、stagは「雄鹿」、beetleは「甲虫」を意味し、 フランス語では「Cerf-volent」と表現され、cerfは「鹿」、volentは「飛ぶ」を意味している。 どちらも、クワガタムシの大顎を「鹿の角」になぞらえたものである。 また、他の ヨーロッパの諸 ...

• Stag Beetle Diary

オオクワガタ,ヒラタクワガタ,ヒメオオクワガタを中心に採集しています.

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