WordNet

small room in which a monk or nun lives (同)cubicle
a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction (同)electric cell
a room where a prisoner is kept (同)jail cell, prison cell
(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
any small compartment; "the cells of a honeycomb"
a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement (同)cadre
pertaining to the tiny air sacs of the lungs
pertaining to the sockets of the teeth or that part of the upper jaw; "alveolar processes"

PrepTutorEJDIC

(刑務所の)『独房』;(修道院の)小さい独居室 / (ミツバチの)みつ房,巣穴 / 小さい部屋 / 『細胞』 / 電池 / 花粉室 / (共産党などの)細胞
歯茎音の(舌先を上歯茎にふれて発音する) / 肺胞の;歯槽(しそう)の / 歯茎音

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/09/29 01:28:32」(JST)

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Alveolar cells, or pneumocytes are cells lining the alveoli of the lungs. Two types of alveolar cell exist: type I alveolar cells and type II alveolar cells.

Type I alveolar cells

Type I alveolar cells are squamous (giving more surface area to each cell) and cover approximately 90–95% of the alveolar surface. Type I cells are involved in the process of gas exchange between the alveoli and blood. These cells are extremely thin (sometimes only 25 nm) – the electron microscope was needed to prove that all alveoli are covered with an epithelial lining. These cells need to be so thin to be readily permeable for enabling an easy gas exchange between the alveoli and the blood.

Organelles of type I alveolar cells such as the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and mitochondria are clustered around the nucleus leaving large areas of free cytoplasm. This reduces the thickness of the cell, thereby reducing the thickness of the blood-air barrier. The cytoplasm in the thin portion contains pinocytotic vesicles which may play a role in the removal of small particulate contaminants from the outer surface. In addition to desmosomes, all type I alveolar cells have occluding junctions that prevent the leakage of tissue fluid into the alveolar air space.

Type I pneumocytes are unable to replicate and are susceptible to toxic insults. In the event of damage, type II cells can proliferate and differentiate into type I cells to compensate.

Type II alveolar cells

Type II alveolar cells cover a small fraction of the alveolar surface area. Their function is of major importance in the secretion of pulmonary surfactant, which decreases the surface tension within the alveoli. They are also capable of cellular division, giving rise to more type I alveolar cells when the lung tissue is damaged. These cells are granular and roughly cuboidal. Type II alveolar cells are typically found at the blood-air barrier. Although they only comprise <5% of the alveolar surface, they are relatively numerous (60% of alveolar epithelial cells).^[1] ^[2]

Development

Type II cells start to develop at about 24 weeks of gestation, secreting small amounts of surfactant. However, adequate amounts of surfactant are not secreted until about 35 weeks of gestation - this is the main reason for increased rates of infant respiratory distress syndrome, which drastically reduces at ages above 35 weeks gestation.

Function

Type II cells are responsible for the production and secretion of pulmonary surfactant (the majority of which are dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine), a group of phospholipids that reduce the alveolar surface tension. Surfactant phospholipids are stored in type II alveolar cells in lamellar bodies, which are specialized vesicles. Release of surfactant in lamellar bodies occurs from an infant's first breath onwards.

Type II pneumocytes can replicate in the alveoli and will replicate to replace damaged type I cells.

MUC1, a human gene associated with type II pneumocytes, has been identified as a marker in lung cancer.^[3]

References

^ "Histology, A Text and Atlas, Sixth Edition," 2011, by Ross, Michael H, and Pawlina, Wojciech
^ Fehrenbach H. 2001. "Alveolar epithelial type II cell: defender of the alveolus revisited." Respir Res.2(1):33-46.
^ Jarrard JA, Linnoila RI, Lee H, Steinberg SM, Witschi H, Szabo E (December 1998). "MUC1 is a novel marker for the type II pneumocyte lineage during lung carcinogenesis". Cancer Res. 58 (23): 5582–9. PMID 9850098.

External links

Histology at KUMC resp-resp17
Histology image: 13905loa – Histology Learning System at Boston University
Electron micrograph at luc.edu

UpToDate Contents

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1. 早期（ステージIおよびII）の頭頸部癌の治療：口腔 treatment of early stage i and ii head and neck cancer the oral cavity
2. 皮膚扁平上皮細胞癌および基底細胞癌における局所および遠隔転移の評価 evaluation for locoregional and distant metastases in cutaneous squamous cell and basal cell carcinoma
3. 皮膚扁平上皮癌の疫学および危険因子 epidemiology and risk factors for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
4. 頭頸部腫瘍の病理 pathology of head and neck neoplasms
5. 皮膚扁平上皮癌（SCC）の臨床的特徴および診断 clinical features and diagnosis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma scc

English Journal

The "Origami" Composite Free Fibula Flap for Complex Defects of the Mandible, Floor of the Mouth, and Tongue.

Inbal A1, Gur E2, Zaretski A3, Barnea Y4, Khafif A5, Amir A6.
Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.J Oral Maxillofac Surg.2015 Aug;73(8):1617-1626. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2015.02.004. Epub 2015 Feb 16.
PURPOSE: The fibula flap serves as the workhorse for many mandibular defect types. For massive defects that include the mandible, floor of the mouth, and tongue, reconstruction might mandate a 2-flap approach. This report describes a systematic yet flexible design of a single composite osseocutaneou
PMID 25913512

Preclinical Development of an Anti-NaPi2b (SLC34A2) Antibody Drug Conjugate as a Therapeutic for Non-Small Cell Lung and Ovarian Cancers.

Lin K1, Rubinfeld B2, Zhang C1, Firestein R3, Harstad E4, Roth L4, Tsai SP5, Schutten M6, Xu K4, Hristopoulos M7, Polakis P8.
Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research.Clin Cancer Res.2015 Jul 8. pii: clincanres.3383.2014. [Epub ahead of print]
PURPOSE: Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) selectively deliver a cytotoxic drug to cells expressing an accessible antigenic target. Here we have appended monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) to an antibody recognizing the SLC34A2 gene product NaPi2b, the type II sodium phosphate co-transporter, which is hig
PMID 26156394

Alveolar Pneumocytes Entrapping Pathologists.

Rossi G1, Pereira-Santos P2, Cavazza A3.
American journal of clinical pathology.Am J Clin Pathol.2015 Jul;144(1):174-5. doi: 10.1309/AJCPCWHLWZ8JN0OE.
PMID 26071477

Japanese Journal

Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis

, , ,
Annals of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 20(Supplement), 650-653, 2014
… Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare pulmonary disease characterized by alveolar accumulation of surfactant. … Here, we report a case of PAP associated with lung squamous cell carcinoma. … PAP may be the result of the lung squamous cell carcinoma developing in this case. …
NAID 130004889760

下顎歯肉扁平上皮癌の下顎骨浸潤評価と切除法選択に関する診断学的・治療学的検討

根岸明秀,信澤愛子,小川将,高山優,牧口貴哉,五味暁憲,宮崎英隆,横尾聡
頭頸部癌 40(3), 318-323, 2014
下顎歯肉扁平上皮癌は薄い歯槽粘膜から発生するため，早期に顎骨浸潤を来す。そのため，切除範囲の決定には，画像診断による骨吸収型と深達度の評価が重要となる。そこで，病理組織学的悪性度，画像と病理組織学的骨浸潤様式を再検討し，切除法の妥当性について検証した。群馬大学医学部附属病院歯科口腔外科にて外科療法を施行した37例を対象とし，画像診断と病理組織学的診断について検討し，切除範囲の妥当性を検証した。浸潤 …
NAID 130004706087

Two Cases of Prostheses for Flap Protection after Buccal Mucosal Incision

, , , , , ,
The Bulletin of Tokyo Dental College 55(1), 49-54, 2014
… In the first case, the patient was a 65-year-old man with a diagnosis of buccal mucosa squamous cell carcinoma (T2N0M0). … Left buccal mucosa squamous cell tumor resection and dermoplasty were performed, followed by alveolar ridge augmentation and buccal mucosal graft in the scar area. …
NAID 130004471747

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「I型肺胞上皮細胞」「I型上皮細胞」
関連記事	「alveolar」「squamous」「cell」

「I型肺胞上皮細胞」

Alveolar cells
Identifiers
Code	TH H3.05.02.0.0029
	Anatomical terminology

　　[★]

英: alveolar epithelial type I cell alveolar type I cell、alveolar type I epithelial cell
同: I型肺胞細胞 type I pneumocyte、小肺胞細胞 small alveolar cell、扁平肺胞細胞 squamous alveolar cell、呼吸肺胞細胞 respiratory epithelial cell、肺上皮細胞 pulmonary epithelial cell
関: 肺胞上皮細胞、II型肺胞上皮細胞

[show details]

I型肺胞細胞 : 25 件
I型肺胞上皮細胞 : 約 26,200 件

肺胞の肺胞腔側を覆う小型かつ扁平な細胞。

「I型上皮細胞」

　　[★]

英: type I cell
同: 扁平肺胞細胞 squamous alveolar cell、IC

「alveolar」

　　[★]

adj.

肺胞の、肺胞性の、胞巣状の、(歯学)歯槽の

関: alveoli、alveolus、pulmonary alveoli、pulmonary alveolus、tooth socket

「squamous」

　　[★]

adj.

扁平上皮の, 鱗片状の

関: squamous epithelium

「cell」

　　[★] 細胞　　　　　　　

[1] "Histology, A Text and Atlas, Sixth Edition," 2011, by Ross, Michael H, and Pawlina, Wojciech

[2] Fehrenbach H. 2001. "Alveolar epithelial type II cell: defender of the alveolus revisited." Respir Res.2(1):33-46.

[pmid9850098-3] Jarrard JA, Linnoila RI, Lee H, Steinberg SM, Witschi H, Szabo E (December 1998). "MUC1 is a novel marker for the type II pneumocyte lineage during lung carcinogenesis". Cancer Res. 58 (23): 5582–9. PMID 9850098.

匿名

検索

案内

案内

squamous alveolar cell