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an encapsulated neural structure consisting of a collection of cell bodies or neurons

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神経節・ガングリオン，結節腫《主に手首にできる良性の嚢腫(のうしゆ)》・〔知的･産業的活動の〕中心，中枢〔of〕

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/03/11 00:38:46」(JST)

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The pterygopalatine ganglion (Meckel's ganglion, nasal ganglion or sphenopalatine ganglion) is a parasympathetic ganglion found in the pterygopalatine fossa. It is largely innervated by the greater petrosal nerve (a branch of the facial nerve); and its axons project to the lacrimal glands and nasal mucosa. The flow of blood to the nasal mucosa, in particular the venous plexus of the conchae, is regulated by the pterygopalatine ganglion and heats or cools the air in the nose. It is one of four parasympathetic ganglia of the head and neck, the others being the submandibular ganglion, otic ganglion, and ciliary ganglion.

§Structure

The pterygopalatine ganglion (of Meckel), the largest of the parasympathetic ganglia associated with the branches of the maxillary nerve, is deeply placed in the pterygopalatine fossa, close to the sphenopalatine foramen. It is triangular or heart-shaped, of a reddish-gray color, and is situated just below the maxillary nerve as it crosses the fossa.

The pterygopalatine ganglion supplies the lacrimal gland, paranasal sinuses, glands of the mucosa of the nasal cavity and pharynx, the gingiva, and the mucous membrane and glands of the hard palate. It communicates anteriorly with the nasopalatine nerve.

§Roots

It receives a sensory, a parasympathetic, and a sympathetic root.

§Sensory root

Its sensory root is derived from two sphenopalatine branches of the maxillary nerve; their fibers, for the most part, pass directly into the palatine nerves; a few, however, enter the ganglion, constituting its sensory root.

§Parasympathetic root

Its parasympathetic root is derived from the nervus intermedius (a part of the facial nerve) through the greater petrosal nerve.

In the pterygopalatine ganglion, the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the greater petrosal branch of the facial nerve synapse with neurons whose postganglionic axons, vasodilator, and secretory fibers are distributed with the deep branches of the trigeminal nerve to the mucous membrane of the nose, soft palate, tonsils, uvula, roof of the mouth, upper lip and gums, and upper part of the pharynx. It also sends postganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the lacrimal nerve (a branch of the Ophthalmic nerve, also part of the trigeminal nerve) via the zygomatic nerve, a branch of the maxillary nerve (from the trigeminal nerve), which then arrives at the lacrimal gland.

The nasal glands are innervated with secretomotor from the greater petrosal nerve. Likewise, the palatine glands are innervated by the nasopalatine, greater palatine nerve and lesser palatine nerves. The pharyngeal nerve innervates pharyngeal glands. These are all branches of maxillary nerve.

§Sympathetic root

The ganglion also consists of sympathetic efferent (postganglionic) fibers from the superior cervical ganglion. These fibers, from the superior cervical ganglion, travel through the carotid plexus, and then through the deep petrosal nerve. The deep petrosal nerve joins with the greater petrosal nerve to form the nerve of the pterygoid canal, which enters the ganglion. nmn,

§Branches

Orbital branches? (See "Innervation" section of ethmoid sinus page.)
Nasopalatine nerve
Greater palatine nerve
Lesser palatine nerve
Posterior superior lateral nasal branch
Pharyngeal branch of maxillary nerve

§Additional images

Plan of the facial and intermediate nerves and their communication with other nerves.
The right sympathetic chain and its connections with the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic plexuses.
Diagram of efferent sympathetic nervous system.
Sympathetic connections of the sphenopalatine and superior cervical ganglia.
Diagram of the cervical sympathetic.
An illustration of the path of the Maxillary nerve.

§References

This article incorporates text from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy.

§External links

synd/2132 at Who Named It?
cranialnerves at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (V, VII)
Pterygopalatine+ganglion at eMedicine Dictionary

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「翼口蓋神経節」

Pterygopalatine ganglion
	Alveolar branches of superior maxillary nerve and pterygopalatine ganglion
	The pterygopalatine ganglion and its branches (pterygopalatine ganglion visible but not labeled, as large yellow ganglion in upper-right center)
Details
Latin	Ganglion pterygopalatinum
From	Maxillary nerve and nerve of pterygoid canal
To	Greater palatine nerve, lesser palatine nerve, posterior lateral nasal branches and nasopalatine nerve
Identifiers
Gray's	p.891
Dorlands; /Elsevier	g_02/12384795
TA	A14.3.02.006
FMA	6965
	Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy