slacken

　 　 　

WordNet

1. become looser or slack; "the rope slackened"
2. make slack as by lessening tension or firmness (同)remit
3. release tension on; "slack the rope"
4. cause to heat and crumble by treatment with water; "slack lime" (同)slake
5. dust consisting of a mixture of small coal fragments and coal dust and dirt that sifts out when coal is passed over a sieve
6. the quality of being loose (not taut); "he hadnt counted on the slackness of the rope" (同)slackness
7. a cord or rope or cable that is hanging loosely; "he took up the slack"
8. a stretch of water without current or movement; "suddenly they were in a slack and the water was motionless" (同)slack_water
9. make less active or fast; "He slackened his pace as he got tired"; "Dont relax your efforts now" (同)slacken, slack up, relax
10. avoid responsibilities and work, be idle
11. be inattentive to, or neglect; "He slacks his attention"
12. flowing with little speed as e.g. at the turning of the tide; "slack water"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. …‘の'速度を落とす / 〈綱など〉‘を'緩める / …‘を'減じる / 速度が遅くなる / 〈綱などが〉緩む,たるむ / 勢いが弱くなる
2. (綱などが)『緩んだ』,たるんだ / (規則などが)緩い,甘い,とっかりしていない / (動きなどが)遅い,のろい,ぐずぐずした / (商売などが)忙しくない,活発だない / 不注意な,いいかげんな,怠慢な / 〈U〉《the~》緩んだ(たるんだ)部分 / 〈C〉(商売などが)不振(不景気)の時期 / 〈綱など〉‘を'緩める,たるませる,〈速度・努力など〉‘を'緩める,怠る《+『off』(『up』)+『名,』+『名』+『off』(『up』)》 / なまける,怠る;〈綱などが〉緩る,たるむ;〈勢いが〉弱くなる;〈速力が〉のろくなる《+『off』(『up』)》 / 緩く,たるんで;不注意に,いいかげんに
3. 粉灰(coal dust)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/03/11 15:30:17」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

The forces involved in supporting a ball by a rope. Tension is the force of the rope on the scaffold, the force of the rope on the ball, and the balanced forces acting on and produced by segments of the rope.

In physics, tension is the pulling force exerted by a string, cable, chain, or similar solid object on another object. It results from the net electrostatic attraction between the particles in a solid when it is deformed so that the particles are further apart from each other than when at equilibrium, where this force is balanced by repulsion due to electron shells; as such, it is the pull exerted by a solid trying to restore its original, more compressed shape. Tension is the opposite of compression. Slackening is the reduction of tension.

As tension is the magnitude of a force, it is measured in newtons (or sometimes pounds-force) and is always measured parallel to the string on which it applies. There are two basic possibilities for systems of objects held by strings: either acceleration is zero and the system is therefore in equilibrium, or there is acceleration and therefore a net force is present. Note that a string is assumed to have negligible mass.

System in equilibrium

A system is in equilibrium when the sum of all forces is zero.

For example, consider a system consisting of an object that is being lowered vertically by a string with tension, T, at a constant velocity. The system has a constant velocity and is therefore in equilibrium because the tension in the string (which is pulling up on the object) is equal to the force of gravity, mg, which is pulling down on the object.

System under net force

A system has a net force when an unbalanced force is exerted on it, in other words the sum of all forces is not zero. Acceleration and net force always exist together.

For example, consider the same system as above but suppose the object is now being lowered with an increasing velocity downwards (positive acceleration) therefore there exists a net force somewhere in the system. In this case, negative acceleration would indicate that .

In another example, suppose that two bodies A and B having masses and respectively are connected with each other by an inextensible string over a frictionless pulley. There are two forces acting on the body A: its weight () pulling down, and the tension in the string pulling up. If body A has greater mass than body B, . Therefore, the net force on body A is , so .

Strings in modern physics

String-like objects in relativistic theories, such as the strings used in some models of interactions between quarks, or those used in the modern string theory, also possess tension. These strings are analyzed in terms of their world sheet, and the energy is then typically proportional to the length of the string. As a result, the tension in such strings is independent of the amount of stretching.

In an extensible string, Hooke's law applies.

See also

• Continuum mechanics
• Fall factor
• Stress
• Surface tension
• Tensile strength

References

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 膝の身体診察 physical examination of the knee

English Journal

• Structural details of human tuba recruitment by InlC of Listeria monocytogenes elucidate bacterial cell-cell spreading.

• Polle L1, Rigano LA2, Julian R3, Ireton K2, Schubert WD4.Author information 1Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Structural Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig 38124, Germany.2Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.3Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa.4Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa. Electronic address: wolf-dieter.schubert@up.ac.za.AbstractThe human pathogen Listeria monocytogenes is able to directly spread to neighboring cells of host tissues, a process recently linked to the virulence factor InlC. InlC targets the sixth SH3 domain (SH3-6) of human Tuba, disrupting its physiological interaction with the cytoskeletal protein N-WASP. The resulting loss of cortical actin tension may slacken the junctional membrane, allowing protrusion formation by motile Listeria. Complexes of Tuba SH3-6 with physiological partners N-WASP and Mena reveal equivalent binding modes but distinct affinities. The interaction surface of the infection complex InlC/Tuba SH3-6 is centered on phenylalanine 146 of InlC stacking upon asparagine 1569 of Tuba. Replacing Phe146 by alanine largely abrogates molecular affinity and in vivo mimics deletion of inlC. Collectively, our findings indicate that InlC hijacks Tuba through its LRR domain, blocking the peptide binding groove to prevent recruitment of its physiological partners.
• Structure (London, England : 1993).Structure.2014 Feb 4;22(2):304-14. doi: 10.1016/j.str.2013.10.017. Epub 2013 Dec 12.
• The human pathogen Listeria monocytogenes is able to directly spread to neighboring cells of host tissues, a process recently linked to the virulence factor InlC. InlC targets the sixth SH3 domain (SH3-6) of human Tuba, disrupting its physiological interaction with the cytoskeletal protein N-WASP. T
• PMID 24332715

• Dual antiplatelet therapy after drug-eluting stent implantation: is it time to slacken the reins?

• Witzenbichler B.
• Journal of the American College of Cardiology.J Am Coll Cardiol.2012 Oct 9;60(15):1349-51. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.08.003. Epub 2012 Sep 19.
• PMID 22999715

• Measuring up: the unique emotional and regulatory outcomes of different perceived partner-ideal discrepancies in romantic relationships.

• Lackenbauer SD1, Campbell L.Author information 1Department of Psychology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5C2. slacken@uwo.caAbstractGuided by the ideal standards model (Simpson, Fletcher, & Campbell, 2001), the present research investigated the emotional and regulatory consequences of different forms of perceived partner discrepancies in a relationship context. Studies 1 (dating sample) and 2 (married sample) demonstrated that perceiving one's partner to be the source of a partner discrepancy (i.e., a PD-partner) was associated with dejection emotions, whereas perceiving oneself to be the source of the partner discrepancy (i.e., a PD-self) was associated with agitation emotions. Study 3 provided experimental support for the findings of Studies 1 and 2 by demonstrating that participants primed with either a PD-partner or a PD-self exhibited facilitated responses to dejection and agitation emotions, respectively. Studies 4 and 5 provided experimental support for the prediction that a PD-partner also results in a promotion focus regulatory style, whereas a PD-self results in a prevention focus regulatory style. The importance of understanding the emotional and regulatory ramifications of evaluation outcomes within a romantic relationship context is discussed.
• Journal of personality and social psychology.J Pers Soc Psychol.2012 Sep;103(3):472-88. doi: 10.1037/a0029054. Epub 2012 Jun 25.
• Guided by the ideal standards model (Simpson, Fletcher, & Campbell, 2001), the present research investigated the emotional and regulatory consequences of different forms of perceived partner discrepancies in a relationship context. Studies 1 (dating sample) and 2 (married sample) demonstrated th
• PMID 22731762

• Geometrical changes of knee ligaments and patellar tendon during passive flexion.

• Belvedere C1, Ensini A, Feliciangeli A, Cenni F, D'Angeli V, Giannini S, Leardini A.Author information 1Movement Analysis Laboratory, Centro di Ricerca Codivilla-Putti, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy. belvedere@ior.itAbstractPatterns of fibre elongation and orientation for the cruciate and collateral ligaments of the human knee joint and for the patellar tendon have not yet been established in three-dimensions. These patterns are essential for understanding thoroughly the contribution of these soft tissues to joint function and of value in surgical treatments for a more conscious assessment of the knee status. Measurements from 10 normal cadaver knees are here reported using an accurate surgical navigation system and consistent anatomical references, over a large flexion arc, and according to current recommended conventions. The contours of relevant sub-bundles were digitised over the corresponding origins and insertions on the bones. Representative fibres were calculated as the straight line segments joining the centroids of these attachment areas. The most isometric fibre was also taken as that whose attachment points were at the minimum change in length over the flexion arc. Changes in length and orientation of these fibres were reported versus the flexion angle. A good general repeatability of intra- and inter-specimens was found. Isometric fibres were found in the locations reported in the literature. During knee flexion, ligament sub-bundles slacken in the anterior cruciate ligament, and in the medial and lateral collateral ligaments, whereas they tighten in the posterior cruciate ligament. In each cruciate ligament the two compounding sub-bundles have different extents for the change in fibre length, and also bend differently from each other on both tibial planes. In the collateral ligaments and patellar tendon all fibres bend posteriorly. Patellar tendon underwent complex changes in length and orientation, on both the tibial sagittal and frontal planes. For the first time thorough and consistent patterns of geometrical changes are provided for the main knee ligaments and tendons after careful fibre mapping.
• Journal of biomechanics.J Biomech.2012 Jul 26;45(11):1886-92. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.05.029. Epub 2012 Jun 5.
• Patterns of fibre elongation and orientation for the cruciate and collateral ligaments of the human knee joint and for the patellar tendon have not yet been established in three-dimensions. These patterns are essential for understanding thoroughly the contribution of these soft tissues to joint func
• PMID 22677336

Japanese Journal

• An Enhanced Performance PID Filter Controller for First Order Time Delay Processes

• JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 40(6), 501-510, 2007
• NAID 130000018989

• 東京女子医科大学図書館ＡＶ‐Ｒｏｏｍ使用時間数とビデオ・カセット・テープ購入数との関係についての一考察

• 医学図書館 28(4), 300-305, 1981
• NAID 130002022826

• ベーリング海東部における1969年と1970年のスケトウダラ漁況について

• 日本水産学会誌 38(7), 685-691, 1972
• NAID 130000919329

• 一六世紀フランスの貨幣流通と商業 (<第三十九回大会特集号>社会経済史における16・17世紀)

• 社會經濟史學 37(1), 53-79, 1971-06-30
• NAID 110001212389

Related Links

• slackenの意味 - goo辞書 英和和英

slackenとは。意味や和訳。[動](他)(自)1 （商売などを[が]）不活発にする[なる]，（速度などを[が]）弱める[まる]，のろくする[なる]，（仕事などを）ぞんざいにする((off, up))slacken one's pace歩調をゆるめる.2 ゆるめる[ゆる ...

• Slacken - definition of slacken by The Free Dictionary

You see, sir," he went on, "if once we dropped to leeward of the landing-place, it's hard to say where we should get ashore, besides the chance of being boarded by the gigs; whereas, the way we go the current must slacken, and then ...

• Slacken | Definition of slacken by Merriam-Webster

Learn More About SLACKEN Thesaurus: All synonyms and antonyms for "slacken" Spanish Central: Spanish translation of "slacken" Nglish: Translation of "slacken" for Spanish speakers Britannica English: Translation of "slacken ...

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関連記事

「slack」

「slack」

　　[★]

• adj.

• ゆるい(loose)(opp. tight)、(手綱などが)締まっていない。(音)弛緩音の(lax)、開口音の(open, wide)

drowsiness; there may be snoring, the jaw and limb muscles are slack, and the limbs are relaxed.(PON.341)

• 焼き/換装が十分でない(パンなど)、消化した(石灰)
• 元気のない、だるい。いい加減な、不注意な、怠慢な。だれた、自主性のない。のろい
• (風・潮など)(流れが)ゆるやかな、よどんだ。ぐずぐずした(天候)。不活発な、だれた、不景気な(商況など)。ほのかに暖かい

• adv.

• ゆるく。おそく。手ぬるく。ぞんざいに。なまけて。だらしなく。不振に、不活発に。不十分に

• n.
• vt.
• vi.