WordNet

unornamented; "a simple country schoolhouse"; "her black dress--simple to austerity"
any herbaceous plant having medicinal properties
(botany) of leaf shapes; of leaves having no divisions or subdivisions (同)unsubdivided
having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved; "a simple problem"; "simple mechanisms"; "a simple design"; "a simple substance"
expressing that the subject of the sentence is the patient of the action denoted by the verb; "academics seem to favor passive sentences"
lacking in energy or will; "Much benevolence of the passive order may be traced to a disinclination to inflict pain upon oneself"- George Meredith (同)inactive
peacefully resistant in response to injustice; "passive resistance" (同)peaceful
(physics) the process in which there is movement of a substance from an area of high concentration of that substance to an area of lower concentration
the spread of social institutions (and myths and skills) from one society to another

PrepTutorEJDIC

『簡単な』容易な,分かりやすい / (複合に対して)単一の / 『単純な』,込み入っていない / 『純然たる』,全くの / 『飾り気のない』,簡素な,地味な,質素な / 『もったいぶらない』;誠実な,実直な / お人よしの,だまされやすい / 《文》地位のない,普通の,平(ひら)の
薬草,薬用植物
『受動的な』,消極的な / 服従的な,言いなりになる / (文法で)受動態の,受身の / 《the~》受動態,受身の構文 / 動詞の受動形
放散,発散,拡散[作用] / 普及,流布 / (文体などの)散漫,冗漫

UpToDate Contents

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1. 胎盤の発達および生理学 placental development and physiology
2. 成人における単純性および複雑性腎嚢胞 simple and complex renal cysts in adults
3. 外陰部の広範囲局所切除術、単純外陰部切除術、および外陰表皮切除術 vulvar wide local excision simple vulvectomy and skinning vulvectomy
4. 赤血球水分量の制御 control of red blood cell hydration
5. 先天性筋性斜頚：マネージメントおよび予後 congenital muscular torticollis management and prognosis

English Journal

Direct Microneedle Array Fabrication Off a Photomask to Deliver Collagen Through Skin.

Kochhar JS1, Anbalagan P, Shelar SB, Neo JK, Iliescu C, Kang L.Author information 1Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.AbstractPURPOSE: To fabricate microneedle arrays directly off a photomask using a simple photolithographical approach and evaluate their potential for delivering collagen.
Pharmaceutical research.Pharm Res.2014 Jan 22. [Epub ahead of print]
PURPOSE: To fabricate microneedle arrays directly off a photomask using a simple photolithographical approach and evaluate their potential for delivering collagen.METHODS: A simple photolithographical approach was developed by using photomask consisting of embedded micro-lenses that govern microneed
PMID 24449441

Two rhesus protein ammonia transporter team up to eliminate ammonium into urine.

Wagner CA1, Bourgeois S.Author information 11University of Zurich.AbstractEditorial Focus F176-2013 Renal ammoniagenesis serves the de-novo synthesis of bicarbonate consumed by metabolism and the excretion of acid. Ammonium is eventually excreted into urine after accumulation in the medullary interstitium. The process of ammonium excretion was long thought to be a mostly passive process mediated by simple diffusion of NH3 and NH4+ and driven by urinary acidification and consequent trapping of ammonium in urine. The discovery of rhesus proteins capable of transporting NH3 has revolutionized our view on renal ammonium excretion. The kidney expresses two members of this family, RhBG and RhCG, and whereas RhCG is found both in apical and basolateral membranes of cells along the collecting duct, RhBG is restricted to the basolateral membrane of the same cells. New work presented in this issue of the journal demonstrates that combined deletion of both transporters causes a more severe defect in urinary ammonium excretion than single deletion of each transporter suggesting that both transporters cooperate in final urinary elimination of ammonium.
American journal of physiology. Renal physiology.Am J Physiol Renal Physiol.2014 Jan 15. [Epub ahead of print]
Editorial Focus F176-2013 Renal ammoniagenesis serves the de-novo synthesis of bicarbonate consumed by metabolism and the excretion of acid. Ammonium is eventually excreted into urine after accumulation in the medullary interstitium. The process of ammonium excretion was long thought to be a mostly
PMID 24431200

A biophysical basis for mucus solids concentration as a candidate biomarker for airways disease.

Hill DB1, Vasquez PA2, Mellnik J2, McKinley SA3, Vose A4, Mu F4, Henderson AG5, Donaldson SH4, Alexis NE6, Boucher RC4, Forest MG2.Author information 1Cystic Fibrosis Pulmonary Research and Treatment Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America ; Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America.2Departments of Mathematics and Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America.3Department of Mathematics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America.4Cystic Fibrosis Pulmonary Research and Treatment Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America.5Cystic Fibrosis Pulmonary Research and Treatment Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America ; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America.6Center for Environmental Medicine Asthma and Lung Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America.AbstractIn human airways diseases, including cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), host defense is compromised and airways inflammation and infection often result. Mucus clearance and trapping of inhaled pathogens constitute key elements of host defense. Clearance rates are governed by mucus viscous and elastic moduli at physiological driving frequencies, whereas transport of trapped pathogens in mucus layers is governed by diffusivity. There is a clear need for simple and effective clinical biomarkers of airways disease that correlate with these properties. We tested the hypothesis that mucus solids concentration, indexed as weight percent solids (wt%), is such a biomarker. Passive microbead rheology was employed to determine both diffusive and viscoelastic properties of mucus harvested from human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cultures. Guided by sputum from healthy (1.5-2.5 wt%) and diseased (COPD, CF; 5 wt%) subjects, mucus samples were generated in vitro to mimic in vivo physiology, including intermediate range wt% to represent disease progression. Analyses of microbead datasets showed mucus diffusive properties and viscoelastic moduli scale robustly with wt%. Importantly, prominent changes in both biophysical properties arose at ∼4 wt%, consistent with a gel transition (from a more viscous-dominated solution to a more elastic-dominated gel). These findings have significant implications for: (1) penetration of cilia into the mucus layer and effectiveness of mucus transport; and (2) diffusion vs. immobilization of micro-scale particles relevant to mucus barrier properties. These data provide compelling evidence for mucus solids concentration as a baseline clinical biomarker of mucus barrier and clearance functions.
PloS one.PLoS One.2014 Feb 18;9(2):e87681. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087681. eCollection 2014.
In human airways diseases, including cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), host defense is compromised and airways inflammation and infection often result. Mucus clearance and trapping of inhaled pathogens constitute key elements of host defense. Clearance rates are
PMID 24558372

Japanese Journal

Mixing Performance of Passive Micromixer with Sinusoidal Channel Walls

Afzal Arshad,Kim Kwang-Yong
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 46(3), 230-238, 2013
… A passive micromixer with wavy channel walls with a sinusoidal variation is proposed, and numerical simulations based on Navier–Stokes equations are carried out for Reynolds numbers (Re) from 0.1≤Re≤30. … Specifically, Re=1 and 30 are chosen to demarcate the effects of these parameters in terms of the mixing performance for diffusion- (Re≤1) and recirculation- (Re≥10) dominated regimes. …
NAID 130003382000

二連式パッシブ・サンプラーによる美術館室内空気中のアルデヒド類および揮発性有機化合物の実測調査

佛願道男,関根嘉香,笈川大介 [他],門有紀子
室内環境 12(1), 5-12, 2009
… Simple and compact sampling device is obviously preferable to an indoor air quality monitoring of museum environment for calm appreciation. … Authors have developed a novel passive sampler by serially connecting two porous polyethylene tubes containing DNPH coated silica for trapping carbonyl compounds and carbon molecular sieves for volatile organic compounds (VOCs), respectively. …
NAID 130002151360

拡散型サンプラーにおける理論的捕集速度の算出法の検討

光崎純,中井里史,白砂裕一郎 [他],平野耕一郎
室内環境学会誌 9(1), 1-15, 2006
室内空気質の測定において、拡散型サンプリングは安価で簡便な試料採取法である。しかし、拡散型サンプラーは、各物質の捕集速度を実験や文献等から得ておく必要があり、捕集速度のない物質については濃度の算出が出来ない。また捕集速度の値は文献によって異なっていることもあり、どの値を信頼すべきかどうかについてはわからない。本研究では、Volatile Organic Compounds捕集用拡散型サンプラーの捕 …
NAID 130001931905