サルベージ経路、再利用経路、再生回路

WordNet

collect discarded or refused material; "She scavenged the garbage cans for food" (同)scavenge
property or goods saved from damage or destruction
the act of rescuing a ship or its crew or its cargo from a shipwreck or a fire
the act of saving goods or property that were in danger of damage or destruction
save from ruin, destruction, or harm (同)salve, relieve, save
a trodden path (同)footpath

PrepTutorEJDIC

(主として船・乗組員・貨物の)海難救助;(一般に)救助 / 救助された貨物 / 救助作業,沈没船引き上げ作業 / (難船・火災などから)〈船・貨物など〉‘を'救出する《+『名』+『from』+『名』》 / 〈負傷者〉‘を'救う,〈けが〉‘を'治療する
道,小道(path)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/03/13 12:12:01」(JST)

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A salvage pathway is a pathway in which nucleotides (purine and pyrimidine) are synthesized from intermediates in the degradative pathway for nucleotides.

Salvage pathways are used to recover bases and nucleosides that are formed during degradation of RNA and DNA. This is important in some organs because some tissues cannot undergo de novo synthesis.

The salvaged bases and nucleosides can then be converted back into nucleotides.

Substrates

The salvage pathway requires distinct substrates:

Pyrimidines

Uridine phosphorylase or pyrimidine-nucleoside phosphorylase adds ribose 1-phosphate to the free base uracil, forming uridine. Uridine kinase (aka uridine–cytidine kinase) can then phosphorylate this nucleoside into uridine monophosphate (UMP). UMP/CMP kinase (EC 2.7.4.14) can phosphorylate UMP into uridine diphosphate, which nucleoside diphosphate kinase can phosphorylate into uridine triphosphate.

Thymidine phosphorylase or pyrimidine-nucleoside phosphorylase adds 2-deoxy-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate to thymine, forming thymidine. Thymidine kinase can then phosphorylate this compound into thymidine monophosphate (TMP). Thymidylate kinase can phosphorylate TMP into thymidine diphosphate, which nucleoside diphosphate kinase can phosphorylate into thymidine triphosphate.

The nucleosides cytidine and deoxycytidine can be salvaged along the uracil pathway by cytidine deaminase, which converts them to uridine and deoxyuridine, respectively. Alternatively, uridine–cytidine kinase can phosphorylate them into cytidine monophosphate (CMP) or deoxycytidine monophosphate (dCMP). UMP/CMP kinase can phosphorylate (d)CMP into cytidine diphosphate or deoxycytidine diphosphate, which nucleoside diphosphate kinase can phosphorylate into cytidine triphosphate or deoxycytidine triphosphate.

The salvage of pyrimidine ribonucleotides.

Purines

Phosphoribosyltransferases add activated ribose-5-phosphate (Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate, PRPP) to bases, creating nucleoside monophosphates. There are two types of phosphoribosyltransferases: adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) and hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT). It is an important enzyme in Purine pathway metabolism.^[1] It also involve in Lesch-Nyhan syndrome associated with a deficiency of HGPRT.

Nucleobase	Enzyme	Nucleotide
hypoxanthine	hypoxanthine/guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT)	IMP
guanine	hypoxanthine/guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT)	GMP
adenine	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT)	AMP

References

^ Ansari MY, Equbal A, Dikhit MR, Mansuri R, Rana S, Ali V, Sahoo GC, Das P. (Nov 2015). "Establishment of Correlation between In-Silico &In-Vitro Test Analysis against Leishmania HGPRT to inhibitors". International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.11.051. PMID 26616453.

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Apoptosis induced by NAD depletion is inhibited by KN-93 in a CaMKII-independent manner.

Takeuchi M1, Yamamoto T2.
Experimental cell research.Exp Cell Res.2015 Jul 1;335(1):62-7. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.05.019. Epub 2015 May 27.
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is a key enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of nicotinamide mononucleotide from nicotinamide (Nam) in the salvage pathway of mammalian NAD biosynthesis. Several potent NAMPT inhibitors have been identified and used to investigate the role of intracellu
PMID 26024774

Multiple mutations and increased RNA expression in tetracycline-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae as determined by genome-wide DNA and mRNA sequencing.

Lupien A1, Gingras H1, Bergeron MG1, Leprohon P1, Ouellette M2.
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy.J Antimicrob Chemother.2015 Jul;70(7):1946-59. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkv060. Epub 2015 Apr 9.
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to characterize chromosomal mutations associated with resistance to tetracycline in Streptococcus pneumoniae.METHODS: Chronological appearance of mutations in two S. pneumoniae R6 mutants (R6M1TC-5 and R6M2TC-4) selected for resistance to tetracycline was
PMID 25862682

Obesity induced by high fat diet attenuates postinfarct myocardial remodeling and dysfunction in adult B6D2F1 mice.

Poncelas M1, Inserte J2, Vilardosa Ú1, Rodriguez-Sinovas A1, Bañeras J1, Simó R3, Garcia-Dorado D4.
Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology.J Mol Cell Cardiol.2015 Jul;84:154-61. doi: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.04.023. Epub 2015 May 5.
Obesity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, some studies suggest that among patients with established cardiovascular disease, obesity is associated with better prognosis, a phenomenon described as the obesity paradox. In this study we tested the hypothesis tha
PMID 25953257

Japanese Journal

Discovery of a Novel Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyl Transferase (NAMPT) Inhibitor via in Silico Screening

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 37(1), 31-36, 2014
NAID 130003382094

Involvement of methionine salvage pathway genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the production of precursor compounds of dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS)(BREWING AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY)