invest with or as with a body; give body to (同)personify
the external structure of a vehicle; "the body of the car was badly rusted"
the main mass of a thing
a natural object consisting of a dead animal or person; "they found the body in the lake" (同)dead body
the entire structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being); "he felt as if his whole body were on fire" (同)organic structure, physical structure
a collection of particulars considered as a system; "a body of law"; "a body of doctrine"; "a body of precedents"
a group of persons associated by some common tie or occupation and regarded as an entity; "the whole body filed out of the auditorium"; "the student body"; "administrative body"
an individual 3-dimensional object that has mass and that is distinguishable from other objects; "heavenly body"
the central message of a communication; "the body of the message was short"
This patient presented with ringworm on the arm, or tinea corporis due to Trichophyton mentagrophytes.
Specialty
Dermatology
Tinea corporis, also known as ringworm, is a superficial fungal infection (dermatophytosis) of the arms and legs, especially on glabrous skin; however, it may occur on any part of the body. It is similar to other forms of tinea.
Contents
1Signs and symptoms
2Causes
3Diagnosis
4Prevention
5Treatment
6Prognosis
7Society and culture
8See also
9References
10External links
Signs and symptoms
It may have a variety of appearances; most easily identifiable are the enlarging raised red rings with a central area of clearing (ringworm).[3] The same appearances of ringworm may also occur on the scalp (tinea capitis), beard area (tinea barbae) or the groin (tinea cruris, known as jock itch or dhobi itch).
Other classic features of tinea corporis include:
Itching occurs on infected area.
The edge of the rash appears elevated and is scaly to touch.
Sometimes the skin surrounding the rash may be dry and flaky.
Almost invariably, there will be hair loss in areas of the infection.[4]
Causes
Tinea corporis is caused by a tiny fungus known as dermatophyte. These tiny organisms normally live on the superficial skin surface, and when the opportunity is right, they can induce a rash or infection.[5]
The disease can also be acquired by person-to-person transfer usually via direct skin contact with an infected individual.[3] Animal-to-human transmission is also common. Ringworm commonly occurs on pets (dogs, cats) and the fungus can be acquired while petting or grooming an animal. Ringworm can also be acquired from other animals such as horses, pigs, ferrets and cows. The fungus can also be spread by touching inanimate objects like personal care products, bed linen, combs, athletic gear, or hair brushes contaminated by an affected person.[3]
Individuals at high risk of acquiring ringworm include those who:
Live in crowded, humid conditions.
Sweat excessively, as sweat can produce a humid wet environment where the pathogenic fungi can thrive. This is most common in the armpits, groin creases and skin folds of the abdomen.
Participate in close contact sports like soccer, rugby, or wrestling.
Wear tight, constrictive clothing with poor aeration.
Have a weakened immune system (e.g., those infected with HIV or taking immunosuppressive drugs).
Diagnosis
Superficial scrapes of skin examined underneath a microscope may reveal the presence of a fungus. This is done by utilizing a diagnostic method called KOH test,[6] wherein the skin scrapings are placed on a slide and immersed on a dropful of potassium hydroxide solution to dissolve the keratin on the skin scrappings thus leaving fungal elements such as hyphae, septate or yeast cells viewable. If the skin scrapings are negative and a fungus is still suspected, the scrapings are sent for culture. Because the fungus grows slowly, the culture results do take several days to become positive.[7]
Tinea Corporis, right buttock
Prevention
Because fungi prefer warm, moist environments, preventing ringworm involves keeping skin dry and avoiding contact with infectious material. Basic prevention measures include:
Washing hands after handling animals, soil, and plants.
Avoiding touching characteristic lesions on other people.
Wearing loose-fitting clothing.
Practicing good hygiene when participating in sports that involve physical contact with other people.[5]
Treatment
Most cases are treated by application of topical antifungal creams to the skin, but in extensive or difficult to treat cases, systemic treatment with oral medication may be required. The over-the-counter options include tolnaftate, as well as ketoconazole (available as Nizoral shampoo that can be applied topically).
Among the available prescription drugs, the evidence is best for terbinafine and naftifine, but other agents may also work.[8]
Topical antifungals are applied to the lesion twice a day for at least 3 weeks. The lesion usually resolves within 2 weeks, but therapy should be continued for another week to ensure the fungus is completely eradicated. If there are several ringworm lesions, the lesions are extensive, complications such as secondary infection exist, or the patient is immunocompromised, oral antifungal medications can be used. Oral medications are taken once a day for 7 days and result in higher clinical cure rates. The antifungal medications most commonly used are itraconazole, terbinafine, and ketoconazole.[5][9]
The benefits of the use of topical steroids in addition to an antifungal is unclear.[8] There might be a greater cure rate but no guidelines currently recommend its addition.[8] The effect of Whitfield's ointment is also unclear.[8]
Prognosis
Tinea corporis is moderately contagious and can affect both humans and pets. If a person acquires it, the proper measures must be taken to prevent it from spreading. Young children in particular should be educated about the infection and preventive measures: avoid skin to skin contact with infected persons and animals, wear clothing that allows the skin to breathe, and don't share towels, clothing or combs with others. If pets are kept in the household or premises, the animal should be checked for tinea,[10] especially if hair loss in patches is noticed or the pet is scratching excessively. The majority of people who have acquired tinea know how uncomfortable the infection can be. However, the fungus can easily be treated and prevented in individuals with a healthy immune system.[4][9]
Society and culture
When the dermatophytic infection presents in wrestlers, with skin lesions typically found on the head, neck, and arms it is sometimes called tinea corporis gladiatorum.[11][12]
See also
Fungal folliculitis
References
^ abBolognia, Jean; Jorizzo, Joseph L.; Rapini, Ronald P. (2007). Dermatology (2nd ed.). St. Louis, Mo.: Mosby Elsevier. p. 1135. ISBN 978-1-4160-2999-1. OCLC 212399895.
^James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; Elston, Dirk M.; Odom, Richard B. (2006). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology (10th ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier. p. 302. ISBN 978-0-8089-2351-0. OCLC 62736861.
^ abcLikness, LP (June 2011). "Common dermatologic infections in athletes and return-to-play guidelines". The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association. 111 (6): 373–379. doi:10.7556/jaoa.2011.111.6.373. PMID 21771922.
^ abBerman, Kevin (2008-10-03). "Tinea corporis - All Information". Multi Media Medical Encyclopedia. University of Maryland Medical Center. Retrieved 2011-07-19.
^Khalid, Mohamed (2019). "LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF THE CAUSATIVE DERMATOPHYTES OF TINEA CAPITIS". World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 8 (6): 85-99. Retrieved 23 March 2021.
^ abcdEl-Gohary, M; van Zuuren, EJ; Fedorowicz, Z; Burgess, H; Doney, L; Stuart, B; Moore, M; Little, P (Aug 4, 2014). "Topical antifungal treatments for tinea cruris and tinea corporis". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 8 (8): CD009992. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009992.pub2. PMID 25090020.
… and nails: Epidermis: Tinea corporis – infection of body surfaces other than the feet, groin, face, scalp hair, or beard hair; Tinea pedis – infection of the foot; Tinea cruris – infection of the groin …
…confirmation of dermatophyte infection (2019) American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP): Red Book (2021) Other fungal diseases; Tinea capitis (ringworm of the scalp) Tinea corporis (ringworm of the body) Tinea …
… Tinea capitis is a fungal infection of the scalp that most often presents with pruritic, scaling areas of hair loss. Trichophyton and Microsporum species of dermatophyte fungi are the major causes of …
…burning sensation or pruritus may be present . Bacterial folliculitis may occur anywhere on the body, including the face. It is in most cases caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Folliculitis is typically … the face and can present with bullae, honey-colored crusts, erythema, edema, and exudate . Tinea barbae is a fungal infection of the beard region that can present with a significant pustular component …
… versicolor on the body may reflect the nutritional requirements of the yeast. Malassezia is lipid-dependent, and the greater sebum production by cutaneous sebaceous glands on the upper body may contribute… tinea pedis, tinea capitis), tinea versicolor is not a dermatophyte infection.…
English Journal
Tinea corporis infection manifestating as retinochoroiditis-an unusual presentation.
Agarwal M, Gupta C, Gujral GS, Mittal M.
Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection. 2019 May;9(1)8.
Tinea corporis, a superficial dermatophyte, is a fungal infection of the body. Ocular involvement due to dermatophytes can present as eyelid infestation. Various cases of retinochoroiditis have been reported secondary to infective etiology such as Toxoplasma gondii, Candida albicans, Trichosporon be
The Menace of Superficial Dermatophytosis on the Quality of Life of Patients Attending Referral Hospital in Eastern India: A Cross-sectional Observational Study.
Patro N, Panda M, Jena AK.
Indian dermatology online journal. ;10(3)262-266.
Superficial dermatophytic infections have come up with multiple challenges and comorbidities recently regarding its chronic and recurrent course. The present study aims at measuring the impact of the disease on the quality of life (QoL) of the patients. A cross-sectional observational study was cond
Ringworm often causes a ring-shaped rash that is itchy, scaly and slightly raised. The rings usually start small and then expand outward. Ringworm might appear as roundish, flat patches of itchy skin. Ringworm of the body (tinea corporis) is a rash caused by a fungal infection. It's usually an itchy, circular rash with clearer skin in the middle.
Ringworm of the body is common in children, but can occur in people of all ages. Fungi thrive in warm, moist areas. A ringworm infection is more likely if you: Have wet skin for a long time (such as from sweating) Have minor skin ...
Ringworm on the body, also known as tinea corporis, is a fungal infection of the body that develops on the top layer of the skin. Its other name is tinea. The fungal infection is characterised by an itchy red circular rash with clear skin in the middle. Ringworm is contagious and can be spread through contact with other people or animals.