WordNet

the second compartment of the stomach of a ruminant (同)second stomach
any fine network (especially one in the body composed of cells or blood vessels)
a small constellation in the southern hemisphere near Dorado and Hydrus

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1. 拡張能障害の細胞学的機序 cellular mechanisms of diastolic dysfunction
2. ダリエ病 darier disease
3. 心筋における興奮収縮連関 excitation contraction coupling in myocardium
4. 重症患者における神経筋遮断剤の使用 use of neuromuscular blocking medications in critically ill patients
5. 悪性高熱症の易罹患性：評価およびマネージメント susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia evaluation and management

English Journal

ALG1-CDG: A new case with early fatal outcome.

Rohlfing AK1, Rust S2, Reunert J1, Tirre M2, Du Chesne I1, Wemhoff S3, Meinhardt F3, Hartmann H4, Das AM4, Marquardt T5.Author information 1Universitätsklinikum Münster, Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin-Allgemeine Pädiatrie, Münster, Germany.2Leibniz-Institut für Arterioskleroseforschung, Münster, Germany.3Institut für Molekulare Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Münster, Germany.4Clinic for Pediatric Kidney, Liver Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.5Universitätsklinikum Münster, Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin-Allgemeine Pädiatrie, Münster, Germany. Electronic address: marquat@uni-muenster.de.AbstractCongenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a growing group of inherited metabolic disorders where enzymatic defects in the formation or processing of glycolipids and/or glycoproteins lead to variety of different diseases. The deficiency of GDP-Man:GlcNAc2-PP-dolichol mannosyltransferase, encoded by the human ortholog of ALG1 from yeast, is known as ALG1-CDG (CDG-Ik). The phenotypical, molecular and biochemical analysis of a severely affected ALG1-CDG patient is the focus of this paper. The patient's main symptoms were feeding problems and diarrhea, profound hypoproteinemia with massive ascites, muscular hypertonia, seizures refractory to treatment, recurrent episodes of apnoea, cardiac and hepatic involvement and coagulation anomalies. Compound heterozygosity for the mutations c.1145T>C (M382T) and c.1312C>T (R438W) was detected in the patient's ALG1-coding sequence. In contrast to a previously reported speculation on R438W we confirmed both mutations as disease-causing in ALG1-CDG.
Gene.Gene.2014 Jan 25;534(2):345-51. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.10.013. Epub 2013 Oct 21.
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a growing group of inherited metabolic disorders where enzymatic defects in the formation or processing of glycolipids and/or glycoproteins lead to variety of different diseases. The deficiency of GDP-Man:GlcNAc2-PP-dolichol mannosyltransferase, encode
PMID 24157261

The Wonderful Colors of the Hematoyxlin-Eosin Stain in Diagnostic Surgical Pathology.

Chan JK.AbstractThe hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) stain has stood the test of time as the standard stain for histologic examination of human tissues. This simple dye combination is capable of highlighting the fine structures of cells and tissues. Most cellular organelles and extracellular matrix are eosinophilic, while the nucleus, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and ribosomes are basophilic. This review discusses the spectrum, intensity, and texture of colors observed in H&E-stained slides to illustrate their value in surgical pathology diagnosis. Changes in color of the nuclei occur in the presence of nuclear pseudoinclusions (such as papillary thyroid carcinoma) or inclusions (such as viral infection, surfactant, immunoglobulin, and biotin). The color of the cytoplasm of spindly cells can provide clues to their nature, such as basophilic (fibroblast), eosinophilic (smooth muscle and others), and amphophilic (myofibroblast). Eosinophilic globules have diagnostic value for sclerosing polycystic adenosis of salivary gland, low-grade B-cell lymphoma, solid pseudopapillary tumor of pancreas, and inclusion body fibromatosis. Eosinophilic granules are characteristic of granular cells (lysosome-rich), oncocytic cells (mitochondria-rich), and cells with secretory products (including neuroendocrine cells). Eosinophilic crystals can be diagnostic of lymphoma/plasmacytoma and crystal-storing histiocytosis. Basophilic granules or inclusions are diagnostic of acinic cell carcinoma and malakoplakia (Michaelis-Gutmann bodies). Yellow or brown inclusions are characteristic of hyalinizing trabecular adenoma of thyroid (yellow bodies), brown bowel syndrome, and malignant melanoma. Extracellular eosinophilic deposits can be produced by many conditions, but amyloid and monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease are important considerations. Extracellular basophilic deposits may be seen in small cell carcinoma and systemic lupus erythematosus, but they differ in that the former is blue (nuclear material) while the latter is purple (nuclear material plus immunoglobulin).
International journal of surgical pathology.Int J Surg Pathol.2014 Jan 9. [Epub ahead of print]
The hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) stain has stood the test of time as the standard stain for histologic examination of human tissues. This simple dye combination is capable of highlighting the fine structures of cells and tissues. Most cellular organelles and extracellular matrix are eosinophilic, whi
PMID 24406626

Transport of estradiol-17β-glucuronide, estrone-3-sulfate and taurocholate across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane: evidence for different transport systems.

Wlcek K1, Hofstetter L2, Stieger B3.Author information 1Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: katrin@schlink.at.2Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: lia.hofstetter@usz.ch.3Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: bstieger@kpt.uzh.ch.AbstractImportant reactions of drug metabolism, including UGT mediated glucuronidation and steroidsulfatase mediated hydrolysis of sulfates, take place in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of hepatocytes. Consequently, UGT generated glucuronides, like estradiol-17β-glucuronide, have to be translocated back into the cytoplasm to reach their site of excretion. Also steroidsulfatase substrates, including estrone-3-sulfate, have to cross the ER membrane to reach their site of hydrolysis. Based on their physicochemical properties such compounds are not favored for passive diffusion and therefore likely necessitate transport system(s) to cross the ER membrane in either direction. The current study aims to investigate the transport of taurocholate, estradiol-17β-glucuronide, and estrone-3-sulfate in smooth (SER) and rough (RER) endoplasmic reticulum membrane vesicles isolated from Wistar and TR- rat liver. Time-dependent and bidirectional transport was demonstrated for taurocholate, showing higher uptake rates in SER than RER vesicles. For estradiol-17β-glucuronide a fast time-dependent efflux with similar efficiencies from SER and RER but no clear protein-mediated uptake was shown, indicating an asymmetric transport system for this substrate. Estrone-3-sulfate uptake was time-dependent and higher in SER than in RER vesicles. Inhibition of steroidsulfatase mediated estrone-3-sulfate hydrolysis decreased estrone-3-sulfate uptake but had no effect on taurocholate or estradiol-17β-glucuronide transport. Based on inhibition studies and transport characteristics, three different transport mechanisms are suggested to be involved in the transport of taurocholate, estrone-3-sulfate and estradiol-17β-glucuronide across the ER membrane.
Biochemical pharmacology.Biochem Pharmacol.2014 Jan 6. pii: S0006-2952(13)00810-1. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.12.026. [Epub ahead of print]
Important reactions of drug metabolism, including UGT mediated glucuronidation and steroidsulfatase mediated hydrolysis of sulfates, take place in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of hepatocytes. Consequently, UGT generated glucuronides, like estradiol-17β-glucuronide, have to be translocated back in
PMID 24406246