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the inner part of an organ or structure in plant or animal

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〈U〉骨髄 / =medulla oblongata
腎臓の

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/12/25 18:28:03」(JST)

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The renal medulla is the innermost part of the kidney. The renal medulla is split up into a number of sections, known as the renal pyramids. Blood enters into the kidney via the renal artery, which then splits up to form the arcuate arterioles. The arcuate arterioles each in turn branch into interlobular arterioles, which finally reach the glomeruli. At the glomerulus the blood reaches a highly disfavourable pressure gradient and a large exchange surface area, which forces the serum portion of the blood out of the vessel and into the renal tubules. Flow continues through the renal tubules, including the proximal tubule, the Loop of Henle, through the distal tubule and finally leaves the kidney by means of the collecting duct, leading to the renal ureter.

The renal medulla (Latin renes medulla = kidney middle) contains the structures of the nephrons responsible for maintaining the salt and water balance of the blood. These structures include the vasa rectae (both spuria and vera), the venulae rectae, the medullary capillary plexus, the loop of Henle, and the collecting tubule.^[1] The renal medulla is hypertonic to the filtrate in the nephron and aids in the reabsorption of water.

Blood is filtered in the glomerulus by solute size. Ions such as sodium, chloride, potassium, and calcium are easily filtered, as is glucose. Proteins are not passed through the glomerular filter because of their large size, and do not appear in the filtrate or urine unless a disease process has affected the glomerular capsule or the proximal and distule tubules of the nephron.

Additional Images[edit]

Renal medulla
Renal medulla

References[edit]

^ Netter's, plate 337

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English Journal

Protective effect of lycopene against ochratoxin A induced renal oxidative stress and apoptosis in rats.

Palabiyik SS, Erkekoglu P, Zeybek ND, Kizilgun M, Baydar DE, Sahin G, Giray BK.SourceHacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, 06100 Ankara, Turkey; Ataturk University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey.
Experimental and toxicologic pathology : official journal of the Gesellschaft für Toxikologische Pathologie.Exp Toxicol Pathol.2013 Sep;65(6):853-61. doi: 10.1016/j.etp.2012.12.004. Epub 2013 Jan 15.
This study was designed to investigate the possible protective effect of lycopene against the renal toxic effects of OTA. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (<200g, n=6) were treated with OTA (0.5mg/kg/day) and/or lycopene (5mg/kg/day) by gavage for 14 days. Histopathological examinations were performed an
PMID 23332503

Acute Normovolemic Hemodilution in the Pig Is Associated with Renal Tissue Edema, Impaired Renal Microvascular Oxygenation, and Functional Loss.

Konrad FM, Mik EG, Bodmer SI, Ates NB, Willems HF, Klingel K, de Geus HR, Stolker RJ, Johannes T.Source*Resident, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany, and Research Associate, Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Experimental Anesthesiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. †Staff Anesthesiologist, ‡Research Associate, §Resident, **Professor and Chair, ††Staff Anesthesiologist, Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Experimental Anesthesiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam. ‖Professor, Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Tübingen. #Staff Intensivist, Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam.
Anesthesiology.Anesthesiology.2013 Aug;119(2):256-269.
BACKGROUND:: The authors investigated the impact of acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) on intrarenal oxygenation and its functional short-term consequences in pigs.METHODS:: Renal microvascular oxygenation (µPO2) was measured in cortex, outer and inner medulla via three implanted optical fibers
PMID 23838710

Japanese Journal

Operation for an Infected Thoracoabdominal Aneurysm in a Patient Previously Treated with an Axillobifemoral Bypass for an Infected Abdominal Aortic Prosthesis: A Case Report

Dregelid Einar
Annals of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery advpub(0), 1109270091, 2011
… In situ graft replacement was performed during 70 minutes of aortic clamping just below the pulmonary hilum without causing any but transient renal ischemic injury. … Since the infrarenal aorta was absent after previous removal of an infected aortic prosthesis, the axillobifemoral bypass provided sufficient blood supply to intestines, kidneys and spinal medulla via arterial collaterals. …
NAID 130001085311

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「腎髄質」「renomedullary」「kidney medulla」
拡張検索	「function tests of the adrenal medulla」
関連記事	「medulla」「renal」

「腎髄質」

Renal medulla
	Vertical section of kidney. (Label "medullary sub." visible near top.)
Latin	Medulla renalis
Gray's	subject #253 1221
System	Urinary system
MeSH	Kidney+medulla