pupillary reflex

WordNet

an automatic instinctive unlearned reaction to a stimulus (同)reflex response, reflex action, instinctive reflex, innate reflex, inborn reflex, unconditioned_reflex, physiological reaction
of or relating to the pupil of the eye
(of leaves) bent downward and outward more than 90 degrees

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反射(刺激に対する無意識の反応) / 《複数形で》反射的な動き / (光などの)反射,反射光;映像 / 反射性の / (カメラが)レフ鋼の,反射型の

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/09/30 11:58:01」(JST)

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Pupillary reflex refers to one of the reflexes associated with pupillary function.

Types include:

Pupillary light reflex
Accommodation reflex

See also:

Pupillary response

Although pupillary dilation is not usually called a "reflex", it is still usually considered a part of this topic.

Accommodation and vergence are also known as the "near response", while inhibition of the ciliary muscle is also known as the "far response".

Sensory system: Visual system and eye movement pathways

Visual perception

1° (Retina bipolar cell) → 2° (Ganglionic cell) → 3° (Optic nerve → Optic chiasm → Optic tract → LGN of Thalamus) → 4° (Optic radiation → Cuneus and Lingual gyrus of Visual cortex → Blobs → Globs)

Muscles of orbit

Tracking

Smooth pursuit:	Parietal lobe Occipital lobe

Saccade:	Frontal eye fields

Nystagmus → Fixation reflex → PPRF

Horizontal gaze

PPRF → Abducens nucleus → MLF → Oculomotor nucleus → Medial rectus muscle

Vertical gaze

Rostral interstitial nucleus → Oculomotor nucleus, Trochlear nucleus → Muscles of orbit

Vestibulo–ocular reflex

Semicircular canal → Vestibulocochlear nerve → Vestibular nuclei → Abducens nucleus → MLF (Vestibulo-oculomotor fibers) → Oculomotor nucleus → Medial rectus muscle

Pupillary reflex

Pupillary response	1° (Posterior hypothalamus → Ciliospinal center) → 2° (Superior cervical ganglion) → 3° (Sympathetic root of ciliary ganglion → Nasociliary nerve → Long ciliary nerves → Iris dilator muscle)

Pupillary light reflex (constriction)	1° (Retina → Optic nerve → Optic chiasm → Optic tract → Pretectal nucleus) → 2° (Edinger–Westphal nucleus) → 3° (Oculomotor nerve → Parasympathetic root of ciliary ganglion → Ciliary ganglion) → (4° Short ciliary nerves → Iris sphincter muscle)

Accommodation vergence	1° (Retina → Optic nerve → Optic chiasm → Optic tract → Visual cortex → Brodmann area 19 → Pretectal area) → 2° (Edinger–Westphal nucleus) → 3° (Short ciliary nerves → Ciliary ganglion → Ciliary muscle)

Circadian rhythm

Retina → Hypothalamus (Suprachiasmatic nucleus)

M: EYE

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1. 成人における詳細な神経学的検査 the detailed neurologic examination in adults
2. 瞳孔不同患者へのアプローチ approach to the patient with anisocoria
3. 成人における昏迷および昏睡 stupor and coma in adults
4. 幼児および小児における精密な神経学的評価 detailed neurologic assessment of infants and children
5. 脳死の診断 diagnosis of brain death

English Journal

Central pupillary light reflex circuits in the cat: I. The olivary pretectal nucleus.

Sun W1, May PJ.
The Journal of comparative neurology.J Comp Neurol.2014 Dec 15;522(18):3960-77. doi: 10.1002/cne.23602. Epub 2014 May 7.
The central pathways subserving the feline pupillary light reflex were examined by defining retinal input to the olivary pretectal nucleus (OPt), the midbrain projections of this nucleus, and the premotor neurons within it. Unilateral intravitreal wheat germ agglutinin-conjugated horseradish peroxid
PMID 24706328

Central pupillary light reflex circuits in the cat: II. Morphology, ultrastructure, and inputs of preganglionic motoneurons.

Sun W1, May PJ.
The Journal of comparative neurology.J Comp Neurol.2014 Dec 15;522(18):3978-4002. doi: 10.1002/cne.23601. Epub 2014 May 7.
Preganglionic motoneurons supplying the ciliary ganglion control lens accommodation and pupil diameter. In cats, these motoneurons make up the preganglionic Edinger-Westphal population, which lies rostral, dorsal, and ventral to the oculomotor nucleus. A recent cat study suggested that caudal motone
PMID 24706263

Pupillary Effects of High-dose Opioid Quantified with Infrared Pupillometry.

Rollins MD1, Feiner JR, Lee JM, Shah S, Larson M.
Anesthesiology.Anesthesiology.2014 Nov;121(5):1037-44. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000384.
BACKGROUND: The pupillary light reflex is a critical component of the neurologic examination, yet whether it is present, depressed, or absent is unknown in patients with significant opioid toxicity. Although opioids produce miosis by activating the pupillary sphincter muscle, these agents may induce
PMID 25068603

Japanese Journal

Pupillary responses to gustatory stimulation-Methodological evaluation

Yoshioka Masataka,Ono Yoshiaki,Tanaka Eiji,Iwayama Kazufumi,Komasa Yutaka
Journal of Osaka Dental University 45(1), 75-81, 2011-04
… We attempted to determine the optimal combination of stimulation and measurement method for the objective assessment of the sense of taste using pupillary responses. … We examined the pupillary responses using an infrared electronic pupillometer when 7 adult subjects were exposed to the gustatory stimulation of bitterness. …
NAID 110008607469

Qualitative analysis of pupillary responses to taste stimulation

Ono Yoshiaki,Yoshioka Masataka,Tanaka Eiji,Asai Takatsugu,Uesugi Naoto,Komasa Yutaka
Journal of Osaka Dental University 45(1), 69-74, 2011-04
… In order to investigate if it is possible to objectively assess gustatory sensation, which is one of the oral senses, we qualitatively analyzed pupillary responses using an infrared electronic pupillometer after stimulation with taste-testing preparations that elicit the taste sensations of sweet, sour, salty, and bitter. … The Iriscorder^[○!R] C7364 (Hamamatsu Photonics, Shizuoka, Japan) was used to measure pupillary responses in 8 adult subjects. …
NAID 110008607468

Related Links

Pupillary reflex - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Pupillary reflex refers to one of the reflexes associated with pupillary function. Types include: Pupillary light reflex · Accommodation reflex. See also: Pupillary response. Although pupillary dilation is not usually called a "reflex", it is still usually ...

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「瞳孔反応」「瞳孔反射」「pupil reflex」
関連記事	「reflex」「pupillary」

「瞳孔反応」

英: pupillary reaction
同: 瞳孔運動反応 pupillomotor reaction、瞳孔反射 pupillary reflex
関: 共感性瞳孔反応、光反射

「瞳孔反射」

英: pupillary reflex
関

瞳孔反射

対光反射

「pupil reflex」

瞳孔反射

関: pupillary reflex

「reflex」

n.

反射

関: reflect、reflection、reflective

　　

「pupillary」

adj.

瞳孔の

関: pupil

　

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