proton pump

WordNet

1. supply in great quantities; "Pump money into a project"
2. a low-cut shoe without fastenings
3. a mechanical device that moves fluid or gas by pressure or suction
4. deliver forth; "pump bullets into the dummy"
5. draw or pour with a pump
6. flow intermittently
7. move up and down; "The athlete pumps weights in the gym"
8. operate like a pump; move up and down, like a handle or a pedal; "pump the gas pedal"
9. question persistently; "She pumped the witnesses for information"
10. raise (gases or fluids) with a pump
11. indicating the first or earliest or original; "`proto is a combining form in a word like `protolanguage that refers to the hypothetical ancestor of another language or group of languages"
12. a stable particle with positive charge equal to the negative charge of an electron

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 『ポンプ』 / 《単数形で》ポンプで空気(ガス)を入れること / 《副詞[句]を伴って》〈気体・液体〉‘を'『ポンプで入れる』(『出す』) / …‘から'ポンプで水(など)を除く《+『out』+『名』,+『名』+『out』》 / …‘に'ポンプで空気(など)を満たす《+『up』+『名』,+『名』+『up』》 / (ポンプのハンドルのように)…‘を'上下(前後)に動かす / 《話》(…について)〈人〉‘を'あの手この手で問いただす(聞き出す)《+『名』+『for』(『about』)+『名』》 / 《話》(人に)〈知識など〉‘を'詰め込む《+『名』+『into』+『名』〈人〉》;(人から)〈情報など〉‘を'引き出す《+『名』+『out of』+『名』〈人〉》 / ポンプを使う / (ポンプのように)上下に動く,鼓動する / 〈水が〉噴出する
2. パンプス(ひもや金具がなく,甲のあいた靴)
3. プロトン,陽子(素粒子の一つ)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/11 19:47:05」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

This article is about biochemical proton pumps. For generators of proton beams, see synchrotron and cyclotron.

A proton pump is an integral membrane protein that is capable of moving protons across a biological membrane. Mechanisms are based on conformational changes of the protein structure or on the Q cycle.

Function

In cell respiration, the proton pump uses energy to transport protons from the matrix of the mitochondrion to the inter-membrane space. It is an active pump, that generates a proton concentration gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane, because there are more protons outside the matrix than inside. The difference in pH and electric charge (ignoring differences in buffer capacity) creates an electrochemical potential difference that works similar to that of a battery or energy storing unit for the cell. The process could also be seen as analogous to cycling uphill or charging a battery for later use, as it produces potential energy. The proton pump does not create energy, but forms a gradient that stores energy for later use.

Diversity

In eukaryotes

In mitochondria, reducing equivalents provided by electron transfer or photosynthesis power this translocation of protons. For example, the translocation of protons by cytochrome c oxidase is powered by reducing equivalents provided by reduced cytochrome c. In the plasma membrane proton ATPase and in the ATPase proton pumps of other cellular membranes, ATP itself powers this transport.

The F_oF₁ ATP synthase of mitochondria, in contrast, usually conduct protons from high to low concentration across the membrane while drawing energy from this flow to synthesize ATP. Protons translocate across the inner mitochondrial membrane via proton wire. This series of conformational changes, channeled through the a and d subunits of the F0 subunit, drives a series of conformational changes in the stalk connecting the F0 to the F1 subunit. This process effectively couples the translocation of protons to the mechanical motion between the Loose, Tight, and Open states of F1 necessary to phosphorylate ADP.

In humans

In addition to proton pumps in mitochondria, humans (and probably other mammals) have a gastric hydrogen potassium ATPase or H⁺/K⁺ ATPase that functions as the proton pump of the stomach, primarily responsible for the acidification of the stomach contents (see gastric acid).

In plants, fungi and protists

In addition the proton pumps in the mitochondria, plants have a proton ATPase that creates the electrochemical gradients in the plasma membrane of plants, fungi, protists, and many prokaryotes. Here, proton gradients are used to drive secondary transport processes. As such, it is essential for the uptake of most metabolites, and also for plant responses to the environment (e.g., movement of leaves).

In prokaryotes

In bacteria and other ATP-producing organelles than mitochondria, reducing equivalents provided by electron transfer or photosynthesis power the translocation of protons.

CF₁ ATP ligase of chloroplasts correspond to the human F_oF₁ ATP synthase in plants.

Bacteriorhodopsin is a photosynthetic pigment used by archaea, the most notable one being halobacteria.

See also

• Transmembrane ATPase
• Active transport
• Cytochrome
• Mitochondrion
• Chloroplast
• Electron transfer chain
• Proton-pump inhibitor
• Uncoupling protein
• Protonophore
• 2,4-Dinitrophenol
• ATP synthase
• V-ATPase
• Proton ATPase

References

External links

• Proton Pump Animation
• Proton Pumps at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 酸関連疾患治療のためのプロトンポンプ阻害剤の概要および比較 overview and comparison of the proton pump inhibitors for the treatment of acid related disorders
• 2. 胃酸分泌の生理学 physiology of gastric acid secretion
• 3. 抗潰瘍剤の薬理学 pharmacology of antiulcer medications
• 4. 小児および思春期における胃食道逆流症のマネージメント management of gastroesophageal reflux disease in children and adolescents
• 5. 成人における難治性胃食道逆流症へのアプローチ approach to refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease in adults

English Journal

• Proton pump inhibitors and risk of periampullary cancers-A nested case-control study.

• Chien LN1, Huang YJ2,3, Shao YH4, Chang CJ5, Chuang MT6, Chiou HY6, Yen Y7.
• International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer.Int J Cancer.2016 Mar 15;138(6):1401-9. doi: 10.1002/ijc.29896. Epub 2015 Nov 20.
• Considerable attention has been focused on long-term use of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) medications in relation to increased risk of cancer via stimulation of DNA-damaged cells. The aim of this study is to examine the dose-dependent effect of PPI on periampullary cancers in a national population-bas
• PMID 26488896

• Lysosomes: Regulators of autophagy in the retinal pigmented epithelium.

• Sinha D1, Valapala M2, Shang P3, Hose S2, Grebe R2, Lutty GA2, Zigler JS Jr2, Kaarniranta K4, Handa JT2.
• Experimental eye research.Exp Eye Res.2016 Mar;144:46-53. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.08.018. Epub 2015 Aug 28.
• The retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) is critically important to retinal homeostasis, in part due to its very active processes of phagocytosis and autophagy. Both of these processes depend upon the normal functioning of lysosomes, organelles which must fuse with (auto)phagosomes to deliver the hydr
• PMID 26321509

• Pravastatin to prevent recurrent fetal death in massive perivillous fibrin deposition of the placenta (MPFD).

• Chaiworapongsa T1,2, Romero R1,3,4,5, Korzeniewski SJ1,2,4, Chaemsaithong P1,2, Hernandez-Andrade E1,2, Segars JH6, DeCherney AH6, McCoy MC7, Kim CJ1,8, Yeo L1,2, Hassan SS1,2.
• The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians.J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med.2016 Mar;29(6):855-62. doi: 10.3109/14767058.2015.1022864. Epub 2015 Apr 20.
• Massive perivillous fibrin deposition of the placenta (MPFD) or maternal floor infarction (MFI) is a serious condition associated with recurrent complications including fetal death and severe fetal growth restriction. There is no method to evaluate the risk of adverse outcome in subsequent pregnanci
• PMID 25893545

Japanese Journal

• The roles of acid-sensing ion channel 1a and ovarian cancer G protein-coupled receptor 1 on passive Mg²⁺ transport across intestinal epithelium-like Caco-2 monolayers

• Thongon Narongrit,Ketkeaw Pattamaporn,Nuekchob Chanin
• The journal of physiological sciences 64(2), 129-139, 2014-03
• NAID 40020002424

• 高齢者GERD維持療法におけるプロトンポンプ阻害剤および消化管運動賦活剤併用療法の有効性 (特集 高齢者消化管疾患の現状と対策)

• 鈴木 隆裕,吉田 憲正
• 消化器内科 58(1), 8-11, 2014-01
• NAID 40019970402

Related Links

• Proton pumpとは - goo Wikipedia (ウィキペディア)

Function [edit] In cell respiration, the proton pump uses energy to transport protons from the matrix of the mitochondrion to the inter-membrane space. It is an active pump, that generates a proton concentration gradient across the ...

• Proton Pump

Although we generally think of the movement of protons across the membrane as a mechanism for driving the synthesis of ATP in chemiosmosis, protons can also ... For example, a proton pump can be used to maintain a 100-fold ...

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「H+-K+-ATPase」「H+ pump」
拡張検索	「proton pump inhibitors」「proton pump inhibitor」
関連記事	「pump」「pumping」「proto」

「H+-K+-ATPase」

　　[★]

H+/K+-ATPアーゼ、プロトンポンプ

関

H+ pump、H+-K+-exchanging ATPase、proton pump

「H+ pump」

　　[★]

プロトンポンプ、H+ポンプ

関

H+-K+-ATPase、H+-K+-exchanging ATPase、proton pump

「proton pump inhibitors」

　　[★] プロトンポンプ阻害薬 PPIs

「proton pump inhibitor」

　　[★] プロトンポンプ阻害薬

「pump」

　　[★]

• n.

• ポンプ

• v.

• ポンピングする

関

pumping

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「pumping」

　　[★]

• n.

• パンピング、ポンピング

関

pump

「proto」

　　[★]

• comb form.

• プロト、原、元の