WordNet

imposing in scale or scope or degree or power; "massive retaliatory power"; "a massive increase in oil prices"; "massive changes"
imposing in size or bulk or solidity; "massive oak doors"; "Moores massive sculptures"; "the monolithic proportions of Stalinist architecture"; "a monumental scale" (同)monolithic, monumental
being the same substance throughout; "massive silver"
consisting of great mass; containing a great quantity of matter; "Earth is the most massive of the terrestrial planets"
gradually advancing in extent
a tense of verbs used in describing action that is on-going (同)progressive tense, imperfect, imperfect tense, continuous tense
favoring or promoting reform (often by government action) (同)reformist, reform-minded
(of a card game or a dance) involving a series of sections for which the participants successively change place or relative position; "progressive euchre"; "progressive tournaments"
(of taxes) adjusted so that the rate increases as the amount of income increases
advancing in severity; "progressive paralysis"
favoring or promoting progress; "progressive schools"
development of excess fibrous connective tissue in an organ

PrepTutorEJDIC

『大きくて重い』,どっしりした;大規模な / (容ぼう,特に頭が)がっちりした / (精神などが)しっかりした,堂々とした / (投薬量が)定量以上の
(行列などが)『前進する』,進んで行く / (事態が)進展する,進行する / 『進歩的な』,革新的な / (病気・暴力などが)次第に悪くなる(広がる) / (課税が)累進的な / (文法で)進行[形]の / 進歩的な人,革新主義者
線維症(線維性結合線維が増殖し過ぎる症状)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/11/11 20:38:48」(JST)

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Progressive Massive Fibrosis (PMF), characterized by the development of large conglomerate masses of dense fibrosis (usually in the upper lung zones), can complicate silicosis^[1] and coal worker's pneumoconiosis.^[2] Conglomerate masses may also occur in other pneumoconioses, such as talcosis,^[3] berylliosis (CBD),^[3] kaolin pneumoconiosis,^[4] and pneumoconiosis from carbon compounds,^[4] such as carbon black, graphite, and oil shale. Conglomerate masses can also develop in sarcoidosis,^[5] but usually near the hilae and with surrounding paracitricial emphysema.

The disease arises firstly through the deposition of silica or coal dust (or other dust) within the lung, and then through the body's immunological reactions to the dust.

Presentation

According to the International Labour Office (ILO), PMF requires the presence of large opacity exceeding 1 cm (by x-ray). By pathology standards, the lesion in histologic section must exceed 2 cm to meet the definition of PMF.^[6] In PMF, lesions most commonly occupy the upper lung zone, and are usually bilateral. The development of PMF is usually associated with a restrictive ventilatory defect on pulmonary function testing. PMF can be mistaken for bronchogenic carcinoma and vice versa. PMF lesions tend to grow very slowly, so any rapid changes in size, or development of cavitation, should prompt a search for either alternative cause or secondary disease.

Pathogenesis and causes

The pathogenesis of PMF is complicated, but involves two main routes - an immunological route, and a mechanical route.

Immunologically, disease is caused primarily through the activity of lung macrophages, which phagocytose dust particles after their deposition. These macrophages seek to eliminate the dust particle through either the mucociliary mechanism, or through lymphatic vessels which drain the lungs. Macrophages also produce an inflammatory mediator known as interleukin-1 (IL-1), which is part of the immune systems first line defenses against infecting particles. IL-1 is responsible for 'activation' of local vasculature, causing endothelial cells to express certain cell adhesion molecules, which help the cells of the bodies immune system to migrate into tissues. Macrophages exposed to dust have been shown to have markedly decreased chemotaxis. Production of inflammatory mediators - and the tissue damage that ensues as an effect of this, as well as reduced motility of cells, is fundamental to the pathogenesis of pneumoconiosis and the accompanying inflammation, fibrosis, and emphysema.

There are also some mechanical factors involved in the pathogenesis of Complex Pneumoconiosis that should be considered. The most notable indications are the fact that the disease tends to develop in the upper lobe of the lung - especially on the right, and its common occurrence in taller individuals.

References

^ Ziskind M, Jones RN and Weill H. Silicosis: State of the Art. Am Rev Resp Dis, 1976;113:643-665.
^ Hurley JF, Alexander WP, Hazledine DJ, Jacobsen M, Maclaren WM (October 1987). "Exposure to respirable coalmine dust and incidence of progressive massive fibrosis". British journal of industrial medicine 44 (10): 661–72. doi:10.1136/oem.44.10.661. PMC 1007898. PMID 3676119.
^ ^a ^b Chong S et al. Pneumoconiosis: Comparison of Imaging and Pathologic Findings. RadioGraphics, 2006;26:59-77.
^ ^a ^b Glazer CS and Newman LS. Occupational Interstitial Lung Disease. Clinics Chest Med, 2004;25:467-478.
^ Pipavath S and Godwin JD. Imaging of Interstitial Lung Disease. Clinics Chest Med, 2004;25:455-465.
^ Craighead JE et al. Diseases Associated with Exposure to Silica and Nonfibrous Silicate Minerals. Arch Pathol Lab Med, 1988;112:673-720.

Occupational Lung Diseases, 3rd Edition, Morgan and Seaton http://pim.medicine.dal.ca/il1.htm

UpToDate Contents

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1. 珪肺症 silicosis
2. 職業性肺疾患のイメージング imaging of occupational lung diseases
3. 多発性結節性病変の鑑別診断および評価 differential diagnosis and evaluation of multiple pulmonary nodules
4. 異物肉芽腫 foreign body granulomatosis
5. 関節リウマチ関連肺疾患の概要 overview of lung disease associated with rheumatoid arthritis

English Journal

Lung Pathology in U.S. Coal Workers with Rapidly Progressive Pneumoconiosis Implicates Silica and Silicates.

Cohen RA1, Petsonk EL2,3, Rose C4, Young B5, Regier M PhD6, Najmuddin A Md7, Abraham JL8, Churg A9, Green FH10.
American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.Am J Respir Crit Care Med.2015 Oct 29. [Epub ahead of print]
RATIONALE: Recent reports of progressive massive fibrosis and rapidly progressive pneumoconiosis among US coal miners have raised concerns over excessive exposures to coal mine dust, despite reports of declining dust levels.OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the histologic abnormalities and retained dust parti
PMID 26513613

Chloride transporters and receptor-mediated endocytosis in the renal proximal tubule.

Devuyst O1, Luciani A1.
The Journal of physiology.J Physiol.2015 Sep;593(18):4151-64. doi: 10.1113/JP270087. Epub 2015 May 11.
KEY POINTS: The reabsorptive activity of renal proximal tubule cells is mediated by receptor-mediated endocytosis and polarized transport systems that reflect final cell differentiation. Loss-of-function mutations of the endosomal chloride-proton exchanger ClC-5 (Dent's disease) cause a major traffi
PMID 25820368

Snail1-induced partial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition drives renal fibrosis in mice and can be targeted to reverse established disease.

Grande MT1, Sánchez-Laorden B1, López-Blau C1, De Frutos CA1, Boutet A1, Arévalo M2,3, Rowe RG4, Weiss SJ4, López-Novoa JM2,3, Nieto MA1.
Nature medicine.Nat Med.2015 Sep;21(9):989-97. doi: 10.1038/nm.3901. Epub 2015 Aug 3.
Progressive kidney fibrosis contributes greatly to end-stage renal failure, and no specific treatment is available to preserve organ function. During renal fibrosis, myofibroblasts accumulate in the interstitium of the kidney, leading to massive deposition of extracellular matrix and organ dysfuncti
PMID 26236989

Japanese Journal

^<18>F-FDG PET imaging of progressive massive fibrosis

CHUNG Soo Yoon,LEE Jae Hoon,KIM Tae Hoon,KIM Sang Jin,KIM Hyung Joong,RYU Young Honn
Annals of nuclear medicine 24(1), 21-27, 2010-01-01
NAID 10026099850