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In clinical terms, a potentiator is a reagent that enhances sensitization of an antigen. Potentiators are used in the clinical laboratory for performing blood banking procedures that require enhancement of Agglutination (biology) in order to detect the presence of antibodies or antigens in a patient's blood sample. Examples of potentiators include albumin, LISS (low ionic-strength saline) and PEG (polyethylene glycol).[1] Potentiators are also known as enhancement reagents.
Albumin acts as a potentiator by reducing the zeta potential around the suspended red blood cells, thus dispersing the repulsive negative charges and enhancing agglutination. Low ionic strength saline is a potentiator that acts by not only reducing the zeta potential, but also by increasing the amount of antibody taken up by the red blood cell during sensitization. LISS is a solution of glycine and albumin. Polyethylene glycol in a LISS solution removes water from the system and thus concentrates the antibodies present. PEG can cause non-specific aggregation of cells, thus eliminating the necessity for centrifugation after 37°C incubation. PEG is not appropriate for use in samples from patients with increased plasma protein, such as patients with multiple myeloma. False-positive results may occur more frequently with the use of polyethylene glycol due to its strong agglutination capabilities.
Pharmacology[edit]
In clinical pharmacology, a potentiator is a drug, herb, or chemical that intensifies the effects of a given drug, such as hydroxyzine used to get more pain relief and anxiolysis out of an equal dose of an opioid medication. The potentiation can take place at any part of the liberation, absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination of the drug.
References[edit]
- ^ *Harmening, Denise M. (2005). Modern Blood Banking & Transfusion Practices. F. A. Davis Company. ISBN 0-8036-1248-6.
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Benzoxazinones as potent positive allosteric AMPA receptor modulators: Part I.
- Mueller R, Li YX, Hampson A, Zhong S, Harris C, Marrs C, Rachwal S, Ulas J, Nielsson L, Rogers G.SourceCortex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 15231 Barranca Parkway, Irvine, CA 92618, USA.
- Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters.Bioorg Med Chem Lett.2011 Jul 1;21(13):3923-6. Epub 2011 May 14.
- AMPA receptors (AMPARs) are an increasingly important therapeutic target in the CNS. Aniracetam, the first identified potentiator of AMPARs, led to the rigid and more potent CX614. This lead molecule was optimized in order to increase affinity towards the AMPA receptor. The substitution of the dioxi
- PMID 21636275
- mGluR8 Modulates Excitatory Transmission in the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis in a Stress-Dependent Manner.
- Gosnell HB, Silberman Y, Grueter BA, Duvoisin RM, Raber J, Winder DG.Source1] Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA [2] Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology.Neuropsychopharmacology.2011 Jul;36(8):1599-607. doi: 10.1038/npp.2011.40. Epub 2011 Mar 30.
- Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are important modulators of excitatory transmission, and have been implicated in anxiety and stress-related behaviors. Previously, we showed that group III mGluR agonists could depress excitatory synaptic transmission in the bed nucleus of the stria terminal
- PMID 21451497
Japanese Journal
- 感覚情報処理機能障害に対するガランタミンの有効性とそのメカニズム
- 吾郷 由希夫
- YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 130(10), 1305-1310, 2010
- … Clinical studies show that galantamine, a weak acetylcholine (ACh) esterase inhibitor and allosteric potentiator of nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChRs), improves negative and cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia, while donepezil, a potent ACh esterase inhibitor, does not. …
- NAID 130000451673
- 6′-Hydroxy-3′-methoxy-mitorubrin, a New Potentiator of Antifungal Miconazole Activity, Produced by Penicillium radicum FKI-3765-2
- Yamazaki Hiroyuki,Ōmura Satoshi,Tomoda Hiroshi
- CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 58(6), 829-832, 2010
- A new mitorubrin congener designated 6′-hydroxy-3′-methoxy-mitorubrin (1) was isolated along with structurally related 4′-hydroxy-3′-methoxy-(S)-mitorubrin (2) and monomethyl-(S)-mitorubrin (3) from t …
- NAID 130000255856
Related Links
- 2009年3月3日 ... potentiatorの意味や和訳。 増強物質 - 約473万語ある英和辞典・和英辞典。発音・ イディオムも分かる英語辞書。
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