potato beetle

　

WordNet

1. black-and-yellow beetle that feeds in adult and larval stages on potato leaves; originally of eastern Rocky Mountains; now worldwide (同)Colorado beetle, potato bug, potato_beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata
2. fly or go in a manner resembling a beetle; "He beetled up the staircase"; "They beetled off home"
3. insect having biting mouthparts and front wings modified to form horny covers overlying the membranous rear wings
4. jutting or overhanging; "beetle brows" (同)beetling
5. beat with a beetle
6. annual native to South America having underground stolons bearing edible starchy tubers; widely cultivated as a garden vegetable; vines are poisonous (同)white potato, white potato vine, Solanum_tuberosum
7. an edible tuber native to South America; a staple food of Ireland (同)white potato, Irish_potato, murphy, spud, tater
8. biennial Eurasian plant usually having a swollen edible root; widely cultivated as a food crop (同)common beet, Beta_vulgaris
9. round red root vegetable (同)beetroot

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. ジャガイモカブトムシ(ジャガイモの葉を食う害虫)
2. 甲虫,カブトムシ;(一般に)甲虫に似た虫類(ゴキブリなど)
3. (木製の)大づち,かけや,布打ち用のつち,すりこぎ,きね / (大づちで)…'を'打ち込む
4. 〈まゆ,がけなどが〉出っぱっている,突き出る / 出っぱっている;(特にまゆ毛が)突き出ている
5. 〈C〉〈U〉『ジャガイモ』 / (また『potato plant』)〈C〉ジャガイモをつける植物 / 〈C〉〈U〉《おもに米》サツマイモ(sweet potato)
6. 〈C〉《しばしば複数形》(野菜サラダなどに用いる)赤かぶ,サンゴジュナ(red beet)(葉・根ともに食用) / 〈U〉〈C〉《米》その根の部分《英》beetroot) / 〈C〉砂糖大根
7. =beetle {形}

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/01/03 18:48:57」(JST)

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"Potato beetle" redirects here. This can also refer to similar Chrysomelidae, e.g. Lema trilineata.

Colorado potato beetle
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Coleoptera
Suborder:	Polyphaga
Family:	Chrysomelidae
Genus:	Leptinotarsa
Species:	L. decemlineata
Binomial name
Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say, 1824

The Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata), also known as the Colorado beetle, the ten-striped spearman, the ten-lined potato beetle or the potato bug, is an important pest of potato crops. It is approximately 10 millimetres (0.39 in) long, with a bright yellow/orange body and five bold brown stripes along the length of each of its elytra. It can easily be confused with its close cousin and look-alike, the false potato beetle.

History

The beetle was discovered in 1824 by Thomas Say from specimens collected in the Rocky Mountains on buffalo-bur, Solanum rostratum. The origin of the beetle is somewhat unclear, but it seems that Colorado and Mexico are a part of its native distribution in southwestern North America. In about 1840, the species adopted the cultivated potato into its host range and it rapidly became a most destructive pest of potato crops. The large scale use of insecticides in agricultural crops effectively controlled the pest until it became resistant to DDT in the 1950s. Other pesticides have since been used but the insect has, over time, developed resistance to them all.

Life cycle

Colorado potato beetle larvae

Colorado potato beetle females are very prolific; they can lay as many as 800 eggs. The eggs are yellow to orange, and are about 1 mm long. They are usually deposited in batches of about 30 on the underside of host leaves. Development of all life stages depends on temperature. After 4–15 days, the eggs hatch into reddish-brown larvae with humped backs and two rows of dark brown spots on either side. They feed on the leaves. Larvae progress through four distinct growth stages (instars). First instars are about 1.5 mm long; the fourth is about 8 millimetres (0.31 in) long. The larvae in the accompanying picture are third instars. The first through third instars each last about 2–3 days; the fourth, 4–7 days. Upon reaching full size, each fourth instar spends an additional several days as a non-feeding prepupa, which can be recognized by its inactivity and lighter coloration. The prepupae drop to the soil and burrow to a depth of several inches, then pupate. Depending on temperature, light-regime and host quality, the adults may emerge in a few weeks to continue the life cycle, or enter diapause and delay emergence until spring. They then return to their host plant to mate and feed. In some locations, three or more generations may occur each growing season.

As a crop pest

 

Dutch newsreel from 1947

Colorado beetles are a serious pest of potatoes. They may also cause significant damage to tomatoes and eggplants. Both adults and larvae feed on foliage and may skeletonize the crop. Insecticides are currently the main method of beetle control on commercial farms. However, many chemicals are often unsuccessful when used against this pest because of the beetle's ability to rapidly develop insecticide resistance. The Colorado potato beetle has developed resistance to all major insecticide classes, although not every population is resistant to every chemical. In the United Kingdom, where the Colorado beetle is a rare visitor on imported farm produce, it is a notifiable pest: any found must be reported to DEFRA.

High fecundity usually allows Colorado potato beetle populations to withstand natural enemy pressure. Still, in the absence of insecticides natural enemies can sometimes reach densities capable of reducing Colorado potato beetle numbers below economically damaging levels. A ground beetle, Lebia grandis is a predator of the eggs and larvae and its larvae are parasitoids of the Colorado beetle's pupae. Beauveria bassiana (Hyphomycetes) is a pathogenic fungus that infects a wide range of insect species, including the Colorado potato beetle. It is probably the most widely used natural enemy of the Colorado potato beetle, with readily available commercial formulations that can be applied using a regular pesticide sprayer.

In Europe

Native ranges of the Colorado beetle and the potato

Further information: War against the potato beetle

In 1877, the Colorado beetle reached Germany where it was eradicated. During or immediately following WWI, it became established near USA military bases in Bordeaux and proceeded to spread by the beginning of WWII to Belgium, the Netherlands and Spain. The population increased dramatically during and immediately following WWII and spread eastward, and the beetle is now found over much of the continent. After World War II, in the Soviet occupation zone of Germany, almost half of all potato fields were infested by the beetle by 1950. The GDR government made the claim that the beetles were dropped by American planes. in East Germany they were known as Amikäfer (Yankee beetles). In the EU it remains a regulated (quarantine) pest for the UK, Republic of Ireland, Balearic Islands, Cyprus, Malta and southern parts of Sweden and Finland. It is not endemic in any of these Member States, although occasional infestations occur, as in Finland in the summer of 2011, when strong winds blew from Russia, where the species is endemic.

Philately

Colorado potato beetle statue in Hédervár

The Austrian postal authority featured the beetle on a 1967 stamp. The beetle also appeared on stamps issued in Benin, Tanzania, the United Arab Emirates, and Mozambique.

The Belgian postal authority featured a drawing of the Colorado beetle and larvae on a 1934 and 1935 propaganda postcard.

In Media

The beetle is documented in the documentary The Botany of Desire.^{[citation needed]}

References

External links

• PotatoBeetle.org
• Insect Olfaction of Plant Odour: Colorado Potato Beetle and Aphid Studies
• Whalonlab link
• Colorado potato beetle threatens Dutch potatoes
• Polish Film Chronicle: Fight against Colorado Beetle (Polish)
• potato beetles, Leptinotarsa spp. on the UF / IFAS Featured Creatures Web site

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

• Characterization of two juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolases by RNA interference in the Colorado potato beetle.

• Lü FG1, Fu KY2, Guo WC3, Li GQ4.
• Gene.Gene.2015 Oct 10;570(2):264-71. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.06.032. Epub 2015 Jun 14.
• In insect, juvenile hormone (JH) titers are tightly regulated in different development stages through synthesis and degradation pathways. During JH degradation, JH epoxide hydrolase (JHEH) converts JH to JH diol, and hydrolyses JH acid to JH acid diol. In this study, two full length LdJHEH cDNAs wer
• PMID 26079572

• Synthesis of the aggregation pheromone of the Colorado potato beetle from its degradation product.

• Wacławczyk-Biedroń W1, Frąckowiak-Wojtasek B1, Strub D2, Rzechak M1, Wojtasek H3.
• Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters.Bioorg Med Chem Lett.2015 Sep 1;25(17):3560-3. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.06.083. Epub 2015 Jun 30.
• Incubation of the Colorado potato beetle aggregation pheromone, (S)-1,3-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-2-one, with antennal or leg extracts from this beetle gave 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one as the major product. This ketone was used as a substrate in a stereoselective synthesis of the pheromone. It was
• PMID 26169127

• CHARACTERIZATION AND FUNCTIONAL STUDY OF A PUTATIVE JUVENILE HORMONE DIOL KINASE IN THE COLORADO POTATO BEETLE Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say).

• Fu KY1, Lü FG1, Guo WC2, Li GQ1.
• Archives of insect biochemistry and physiology.Arch Insect Biochem Physiol.2015 Aug 17. doi: 10.1002/arch.21251. [Epub ahead of print]
• Juvenile hormone diol kinase (JHDK) is an enzyme involved in JH degradation. In the present article, a putative JHDK cDNA (LdJHDK) was cloned from the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata. The cDNA consists of 814 bp, containing a 555 bp open reading frame encoding a 184 amino acid prote
• PMID 26280246

Japanese Journal

• コロラドハムシに対するアルファマンゴスチンの殺幼虫活性

• Kim Min-Sik,Lan Que
• 日本農薬学会誌 36(3), 370-375, 2011
• アルファマンゴスチン(マンゴスチンに含まれる主要なキサントン誘導体)のコロラドハムシの幼虫と成虫に対する殺虫活性と摂食阻害活性を評価した．ジャガイモの葉の両面に筆で塗って処理し，非選択条件下で摂食させると，7，14，23日後のLC50値は，それぞれ63.66，8.37，4.09μMであった．幼虫の成長も優位にアルファマンゴスチン処理で3～8日遅延した．摂食阻害活性はリーフディスクを使って非選択，選 …
• NAID 120005321423

• Effects of ingredients and structure of semi-artificial diet on the reproduction of an ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus pfeili (Ratzeburg) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

• Mizuno Takahiko,Kajimura Hisashi
• Applied Entomology and Zoology 44(3), 363-370, 2009
• … For the rearing of Xyleborus pfeili (Ratzeburg), we prepared diets composed of Douglas-fir sawdust, potato starch, dried yeast, sugar, and distilled water. …
• NAID 130000143016

• Efficient bait for sampling the wireworm Melanotus okinawensis (Coleoptera: Elateridae) in a sugarcane field

• Arakaki Norio,Hokama Yasuhiro,Yamamura Kohji
• Applied Entomology and Zoology 44(4), 561-568, 2009
• … Bait trap efficiencies were compared to construct a sampling method for wireworms, larvae of the click beetle Melanotus okinawensis (Coleoptera: Elateridae). … Wireworms were more efficiently attracted by germinating rice seeds than other bait materials, such as sweet potato, potato, and carrot. …
• NAID 130000142903

Related Links

• Colorado potato beetle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata), also known as the Colorado beetle, the ten-striped spearman, the ten-lined potato beetle or the potato bug, is an important pest of potato crops. It is approximately 10 mm (0.4 inch) long, ...

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関連記事	「beet」「beetle」「potato」

「beet」

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テンサイ、フダンソウ

関

Beta vulgaris、chard

　 　 　

「beetle」

　　[★]

カブトムシ

関

Coleoptera

　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「potato」

　　[★]

ジャガイモ

関

Solanum tuberosum