硫酸カリウム

WordNet

convert into a sulfate
a salt or ester of sulphuric acid (同)sulphate
a light soft silver-white metallic element of the alkali metal group; oxidizes rapidly in air and reacts violently with water; is abundant in nature in combined forms occurring in sea water and in carnallite and kainite and sylvite (同)K, atomic number 19

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ポタシウム,カリウム(金属元素;化学記号はK)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/05/19 20:25:19」(JST)

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Not to be confused with potassium sulphide.

Potassium sulfate (K₂SO₄) (in British English potassium sulphate, also called sulphate of potash, arcanite, or archaically known as potash of sulfur) is a non-flammable white crystalline salt which is soluble in water. The chemical is commonly used in fertilizers, providing both potassium and sulfur.

History [edit]

Potassium sulfate (K₂SO₄) has been known since early in the 14th century, and it was studied by Glauber, Boyle and Tachenius. In the 17th century, it was named arcanuni or sal duplicatum, as it was a combination of an acid salt with an alkaline salt. It was also known as vitriolic tartar and Glaser's salt or sal polychrestum Glaseri after the pharmaceutical chemist Christopher Glaser who prepared it and used medicinally.^[2]^[3]

Natural resources [edit]

The mineral form of potassium sulfate, arcanite, is relatively rare. Natural resources of potassium sulfate are minerals abundant in the Stassfurt salt. These are cocrystalisations of potassium sulfate and sulfates of magnesium calcium and sodium.

The minerals are:

Kainite, MgSO₄·KCl·H₂O
Schönite, K₂SO₄·MgSO₄·6H₂O
Leonite, K₂SO₄·MgSO₄·4H₂O
Langbeinite, K₂SO₄·2MgSO₄
Glaserite, K₃Na(SO₄)₂
Polyhalite, K₂SO₄·MgSO₄·2CaSO₄·2H₂O

From some of the minerals like kainite, the potassium sulfate can be separated, because the corresponding salt is less soluble in water.

Kieserite, MgSO₄·2H₂O, can be combined with a solution of potassium chloride to produce potassium sulfate.

Manufacture [edit]

The process for manufacturing potassium sulfate is similar to that used for the manufacture of sodium sulfate.

Potassium sulfate can be synthesised by reaction of potassium chloride with sulfuric acid according to the Leblanc process. Potassium sulfate is produced according to the following reaction:

2 KCl + H₂SO₄ → 2 HCl + K₂SO₄

The Hargreaves process uses sulfur dioxide, oxygen and water and potassium chloride as the starting materials to produce potassium sulfate. Hydrochloric acid evaporates off. SO₂ is produced through the burning of sulfur.

Properties [edit]

The anhydrous crystals form a double six-sided pyramid, but are in fact classified as rhombic. They are transparent, very hard and have a bitter, salty taste. The salt is soluble in water, but insoluble in solutions of potassium hydroxide (sp. gr. 1.35), or in absolute ethanol. It melts at 1067 °C.^[4]

Uses [edit]

The principal use of potassium sulfate is as a fertilizer. K₂SO₄ does not contain chloride, which can be harmful to some crops. Potassium sulfate is preferred for these crops, which include tobacco and some fruits and vegetables. Crops that are less sensitive may still require potassium sulfate for optimal growth if the soil accumulates chloride from irrigation water.^[5]

The crude salt is also used occasionally in the manufacture of glass. Potassium sulfate is also used as a flash reducer in artillery propellant charges. It reduces muzzle flash, flareback and blast overpressure.

Potassium hydrogen sulfate [edit]

Potassium hydrogen sulfate or bisulfate, KHSO₄, is readily produced by mixing K₂SO₄ with an equivalent number of moles of sulfuric acid. It forms rhombic pyramids, which melt at 197 °C. It dissolves in three parts of water at 0 °C. The solution behaves much as if its two congeners, K₂SO₄ and H₂SO₄, were present side by side of each other uncombined; an excess of ethanol the precipitates normal sulfate (with little bisulfate) with excess acid remaining.

The behavior of the fused dry salt is similar when heated to several hundred degrees; it acts on silicates, titanates, etc., the same way as sulfuric acid that is heated beyond its natural boiling point does. Hence it is frequently used in analytical chemistry as a disintegrating agent. For information about other salts that contain sulfate, see sulfate.

References [edit]

^ Patnaik, Pradyot (2002). Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-049439-8.
^ De Milt, Clara (1942). "Christopher Glaser". Journal of Chemical Education 19 (2): 53. doi:10.1021/ed019p53.
^ Klooster, van (1959). "Three centuries of Rochelle salt". Journal of Chemical Education 36 (7): 314. doi:10.1021/ed036p314.
^ Windholtz, M(Ed.)& Budavari, S (Ed). (1983). The Merck Index, Rahay: Merck & Co.
^ Fertilizer manual (3rd ed. ed.). Dordrecht: Kluwer academic publ. 1998. p. 615. ISBN 0-7923-5032-4.

mindat.org: Arcanite
webmineral: Arcanite

UpToDate Contents

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1. 成人におけるS状結腸鏡検査および大腸内視鏡検査のための前処置 bowel preparation for colonoscopy and flexible sigmoidoscopy in adults
2. 成人における低カリウム血症の臨床症状および治療 clinical manifestations and treatment of hypokalemia in adults
3. 成人における低カリウム血症の原因 causes of hypokalemia in adults
4. 成人における高カリウム血症の原因および評価 causes and evaluation of hyperkalemia in adults
5. カリウムと高血圧 potassium and hypertension

English Journal

Infrared spectroscopic study of SO₄²⁻ ions included in M'₂M(SeO₄)₂⋅6H₂O (Me'=K, NH₄⁺; M=Mg, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) and NH₄⁺ ions included in K₂M(XO₄)₂⋅6H₂O (X=S, Se; M=Mg, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn).

Marinova D1, Karadjova V2, Stoilova D3.
Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy.Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc.2015 Jan 5;134:526-34. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.06.114. Epub 2014 Jun 28.
Infrared spectra of Tutton compounds, M'₂M(SeO₄)₂⋅6H₂O (M'=K, NH₄⁺; M=Mg, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn; X=S, Se), as well as those of SO₄²⁻ guest ions included in selenate host lattices and of NH4(+) guest ions included in potassium host lattices are presented and discussed in the regions o
PMID 25048287

Serum aluminum levels in dialysis patients after sclerotherapy of internal hemorrhoids with aluminum potassium sulfate and tannic acid.

Tsunoda A1, Nakagi M, Kano N, Mizutani M, Yamaguchi K.
Surgery today.Surg Today.2014 Dec;44(12):2314-7. doi: 10.1007/s00595-014-0914-4. Epub 2014 May 11.
PURPOSE: Aluminum potassium sulfate and tannic acid (ALTA) is an effective sclerosing agent for internal hemorrhoids. However, it is contraindicated for patients with chronic renal failure on dialysis, because the aluminum in ALTA can cause aluminum encephalopathy when it is not excreted effectively
PMID 24817127

Control of thermal fabrication and size of β-lactoglobulin-based microgels and their potential applications.

Murphy R1, Cho YH2, Farkas B3, Jones OG4.
Journal of colloid and interface science.J Colloid Interface Sci.2014 Oct 5. pii: S0021-9797(14)00716-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.09.067. [Epub ahead of print]
HYPOTHESIS: Factors influencing fabrication and size of microgels formed from β-lactoglobulin with or without pectin can tune selected attributes for material applications. Protein aggregation was expected to be influenced by pH, added anions, and reducing agents, while ionic strength was expected
PMID 25446955

Japanese Journal

Potassium alum and aluminum sulfate micro-inclusions in polar ice from Dome Fuji, East Antarctica

Ohno Hiroshi,Iizuka Yoshinori,Horikawa Shinichiro,Sakurai Toshimitsu,Hondoh Takeo,Motoyama Hideaki
Polar science 8(1), 1-9, 2014-03
… We report the first finding of KAl(SO_4)_2・12H_2O (potassium alum) and Al_2(SO_4)_3・nH_2O (aluminum sulfate) micro-inclusions in the Dome Fuji ice core, East Antartica, using a micro-Raman technique. … Eutectic temperatures of these water-soluble species determined using thermal analysis were -0.4 °C for potassium alum and -8.0 °C for aluminum sulfate. …
NAID 110009687662

内痔核に対するALTA療法の治療成績

大澤智徳,石橋敬一郎,田島雄介,天野邦彦,隈元謙介,石田秀行
日本臨床外科学会雑誌 75(3), 627-632, 2014
2005年に臨床導入された内痔核に対するALTA療法は，その簡便さと安全性から広く普及してきたが，治療成績の報告は少ない．当科でALTA療法を行った310例の治療成績は，観察期間32（5-65）カ月，手術時間15（4-27）分，ALTA総注射量は25（6-40）mL，一痔核あたりの注射量は10（6-15）mLであった．合併症は28例（9％）に認められ，いずれも対症療法で軽快した．再発は10例（3. …
NAID 130004696538

マレーシアにおけるPM2.5 中イオン成分の特性

藤井佑介,東野達,Mastura MAHMUD
エアロゾル研究 29(3), 196-199, 2014
… Inorganic ions in PM2.5 were primarily composed of sulfate ion (66% of total ions mass), and particulate sulfate was considered to be present in the form of mixtures of ammonium (61%), potassium (24%), and sodium sulfates (15%) in the atmosphere.Extremely strong chlorine loss from sodium and potassium chloride particles was suggested. …
NAID 130004695412

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

拡張検索	「aluminum potassium sulfate」「aluminum potassium sulfate hydrate」
関連記事	「sulfate」「sulfated」「sulfa」

「aluminum potassium sulfate」

Potassium sulfate
	; Arcanite
	Other names Potassium sulphate
Identifiers
CAS number	7778-80-5
PubChem	24507
ChemSpider	22915
UNII	1K573LC5TV
KEGG	D01726
ChEBI	CHEBI:32036
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1201793
RTECS number	TT5900000
Jmol-3D images	Image 1
	SMILES [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O ;
	InChI InChI=1S/2K.H2O4S/c;;1-5(2,3)4/h;;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q2+1;/p-2 ; Key: OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L InChI=1/2K.H2O4S/c;;1-5(2,3)4/h;;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q2+1;/p-2; Key: OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-NUQVWONBAU ;
Properties
Molecular formula	K2SO4
Molar mass	174.259 g/mol
Appearance	White solid
Odor	odorless
Density	2.66 g/cm3
Melting point	1069 °C, 1342 K, 1956 °F
Boiling point	1689 °C, 1962 K, 3072 °F
Solubility in water	111 g/L (20 °C); 120 g/L (25 °C); 240 g/L (100 °C)
Solubility	slightly soluble in glycerol; insoluble in acetone, alcohol, CS2
Acidity (pKa)	~7
Refractive index (nD)	1.495
Structure
Crystal structure	orthorhombic
Hazards
MSDS	External MSDS
EU Index	Not listed
R-phrases	R22
S-phrases	S36
Main hazards	Irritant
Flash point	Non-flammable
LD50	6600 mg/kg
Related compounds
Other anions	Potassium selenate; Potassium tellurate
Other cations	Lithium sulfate; Sodium sulfate; Rubidium sulfate; Caesium sulfate
Related compounds	Potassium hydrogen sulfate; Potassium sulfite; Potassium bisulfite; Potassium persulfate
	(verify) (what is: /?); Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
	Infobox references

　　[★]

硫酸アルミニウムカリウム、ミョウバン

関: alum、aluminum potassium sulfate hydrate

「aluminum potassium sulfate hydrate」

　　[★]

硫酸アルミニウムカリウム

関: aluminum potassium sulfate

「sulfate」

　　[★]

n.

(官能基やイオンを表して)硫酸、(化合物)硫酸塩、硫酸エステル、硫酸化する

関: H2SO4、inorganic sulfate、sulfate ester、sulfated、sulfation、sulfuric acid、sulfuric acid ester、sulphate、sulphuric acid

「sulfated」

　　[★]

adj.

硫酸化の

関: sulfate、sulfation、sulphate

「sulfa」

　　[★]

スルファ、サルファ

[1] Patnaik, Pradyot (2002). Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-049439-8.

[2] De Milt, Clara (1942). "Christopher Glaser". Journal of Chemical Education 19 (2): 53. doi:10.1021/ed019p53.

[3] Klooster, van (1959). "Three centuries of Rochelle salt". Journal of Chemical Education 36 (7): 314. doi:10.1021/ed036p314.

[4] Windholtz, M(Ed.)& Budavari, S (Ed). (1983). The Merck Index, Rahay: Merck & Co.

[5] Fertilizer manual (3rd ed. ed.). Dordrecht: Kluwer academic publ. 1998. p. 615. ISBN 0-7923-5032-4.

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案内

potassium sulfate