platysma

広頚筋、広頸筋 　

WordNet

1. either of two broad muscles located on either side of the neck and innervated by the facial nerve; extends from lower jaw to clavicle and is involved in moving the mouth and jaw

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/16 14:04:30」(JST)

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Platysma is also a plant taxon synonym with Podochilus, an orchid genus.

Platysma muscle
The platysma is visible, with skin removed.
The muscles of the face, platysma visible at bottom right.
Details
Latin	Platysma
Origin	subcutaneous tissue of infraclavicular and supraclavicular regions
Insertion	base of mandible; skin of cheek and lower lip; angle of mouth; orbicularis oris
Artery	branches of the Submental artery and Suprascapular artery
Nerve	cervical branch of the facial nerve (CN VII)
Actions	Draws the corners of the mouth inferiorly and widens it (as in expressions of sadness and fright). Also draws the skin of the neck superiorly when teeth are clenched
Antagonist	Masseter, Temporalis
Identifiers
Gray's	p.387
Dorlands /Elsevier	p_23/12646241
TA	A04.2.01.001
FMA	45738
Anatomical terms of muscle

The platysma is a superficial muscle that overlaps the sternocleidomastoid.

It is a broad sheet arising from the fascia covering the upper parts of the pectoralis major and deltoid; its fibers cross the clavicle, and proceed obliquely upward and medially along the side of the neck.

The anterior fibers interlace below and behind the symphysis menti, with the fibers of the muscle of the opposite side; the posterior fibers cross the mandible, some being inserted into the bone below the oblique line, others into the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the lower part of the face. Many of these fibers blend with the muscles about the angle and lower part of the mouth.

Sometimes fibers can be traced to the zygomaticus, or to the margin of the orbicularis oris. Beneath the platysma, the external jugular vein descends from the angle of the mandible to the clavicle.

Structure

Variation

Variations occur in the extension over the face and over the clavicle and shoulder; it may be absent or interdigitate with the muscle of the opposite side in front of the neck; attachment to clavicle, mastoid process or occipital bone occurs. A more or less independent fasciculus, the occipitalis minor, may extend from the fascia over the trapezius to fascia over the insertion of the sternocleidomastoideus.

Innervation

The platysma is supplied by cervical branch of the Facial nerve (CN VII).

Function

When the entire platysma is in action it produces a slight wrinkling of the surface of the skin of the neck in an oblique direction. Its anterior portion, the thickest part of the muscle, depresses the lower jaw; it also serves to draw down the lower lip and angle of the mouth in the expression of melancholy, i.e. grimacing. However, the platysma plays only a minor role in depressing the lip which is primarily performed by the depressor anguli oris and the depressor labii inferioris.

Additional images

• Platysma is visible at bottom, in neck

• Mandible. Outer surface. Side view.

• Veins of the head and neck.

• The nerves of the scalp, face, and side of neck.

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

External links

• -724565957 at GPnotebook

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 貫通性頚部損傷の初期評価およびマネージメント：初期評価およびマネージメント initial evaluation and management of penetrating neck injuries initial evaluation and management
• 2. 甲状腺機能亢進症およびバセドウ病の神経学的症状 neurologic manifestations of hyperthyroidism and graves disease
• 3. 鈍的または鋭的損傷を受け初期は安定している小児に対するアプローチ approach to the initially stable child with blunt or penetrating injury
• 4. 非医原性外傷性食道穿孔のマネージメント management of non iatrogenic traumatic esophageal perforations
• 5. Surgical evaluation of mediastinal lymphadenopathy

English Journal

• Penetrating Cervical Trauma : "Current Concepts in Penetrating Trauma", IATSIC Symposium, International Surgical Society, Helsinki, Finland, August 25-29, 2013.

• Feliciano DV1.
• World journal of surgery.World J Surg.2015 Jun;39(6):1363-72. doi: 10.1007/s00268-014-2919-y.
• Patients with penetrating wounds to the neck present with overt symptoms and/or signs or are asymptomatic or modestly/moderately symptomatic. With overt symptoms and/or signs, immediate resuscitation and an emergency operation are appropriate. Asymptomatic patients or those with modest or moderate s
• PMID 25561188

• Submandibular Gland Reduction in Aesthetic Surgery of the Neck: Review of 112 Consecutive Cases.

• Mendelson BC1, Tutino R.
• Plastic and reconstructive surgery.Plast Reconstr Surg.2015 May 11. [Epub ahead of print]
• : The indications for reduction of excessive submandibular gland volume in aesthetic rejuvenation of the neck have been well described, as has the surgical anatomy and the surgical technique. Despite this, submandibular gland reduction does not appear to be widely adopted nor have significant case s
• PMID 25989302

• Postburn neck anterior contracture treatment in children with scar-fascial local trapezoid flaps: a new approach.

• Grishkevich VM1, Grishkevich M, Menzul V.
• Journal of burn care & research : official publication of the American Burn Association.J Burn Care Res.2015 May-Jun;36(3):e112-9. doi: 10.1097/BCR.0000000000000118.
• One of the dramatic consequences of burns is scar contracture and deformities of the neck. Cervical contracture in children is especially dangerous, leading to face disfigurement and kyphosis; therefore, early reconstruction is indicated. Despite the existence of many various surgical techniques, th
• PMID 25522154

Japanese Journal

• 眼瞼痙攣・片側顔面痙攣に対するボツリヌス毒素施注の要領

• 大澤 美貴雄
• 東京女子医科大学雑誌 84(E1), E17-E23, 2014-01-31
• ボツリヌス毒素療法は、眼瞼痙攣と関連疾患の開眼失行、および片側顔面痙攣と関連疾患の顔面連合運動の第一選択治療である。本稿で最初に、これらの疾患で本治療の標的になる顔面筋の始点と終点について記述した。次に標的筋、すなわち前頭筋、鼻根筋、皺眉筋、眼輪筋、眼瞼部、鼻筋、小頬骨筋、大頬骨筋、笑筋、口輪筋、オトガイ筋、広頸筋、それぞれの同定法を紹介した。副作用を未然に防止する為に、避けるべき標的筋の部位につ …
• NAID 110009752549

• A Case of Direct Injury of the Common Carotid Artery due to a Suicide Attempt

• , , , ,
• 耳鼻咽喉科臨床　補冊 138(0), 128-129, 2014
• … Neck injuries penetrating the platysma or sternocleidomastoid muscle are rare. …
• NAID 130004834010

• A Case of Mixoid-type Liposarcoma of the Neck

• , ,
• 耳鼻咽喉科臨床　補冊 138(0), 104-105, 2014
• … A 50-year-old man with a few years' history of an enlarging painless swelling in the frontal-medial aspect of the neck, measuring 48×40mm in size at the present examination, was found on computed tomography (CT) to have a mass extending between the thyrohyoid muscle and the platysma. …
• NAID 130004833997

Related Links

• Platysma Muscle - Anatomy Pictures and Information

The platysma muscle is a broad sheet of muscle arising from the pectoral (chest) and deltoid (shoulder) muscles and rises over the collarbone (clavicle), proceeding upward in a slanting manner along the sides of the neck. The muscle ...

• platysmaの意味・用例｜英辞郎 on the WEB：アルク

platysma 【名】《解剖》広頸筋 - アルクがお届けする進化するオンライン英和・和英辞書データベース。一般的な単語や連語から、イディオム、専門用語、スラングまで幅広く収録。

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元

「広頚筋」

「広頚筋」

　　[★]

英

platysma (K), platysma muscle

ラ

musculus platysma

同

広頸筋

• 起始と停止が逆という説がある (KH.7)

起始

• 第一肋骨または第二肋骨の高さで大胸筋と三角筋を覆う皮下組織層と筋膜

停止

• 下顎骨(下縁)、笑筋、反対側の広頚筋

神経

• 顔面神経

機能

• 下唇を下げる。頚および上胸の皮膚にシワを寄せる

カテゴリ

• 浅頚筋 (KL.529)

• 広頚筋
• 胸鎖乳突筋