Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/12/21 23:24:04」(JST)

wiki en

Phosphorylcholine refers to the functional group derived from phosphocholine. Also not to be confused with phosphatidylcholine.

Phosphorylcholine is the hydrophilic polar head group of some phospholipids, which is composed of a negatively charged phosphate bonded to a small, positively charged choline group. Phosphorylcholine is part of platelet-activating factor; the phospholipid phosphatidylcholine as well as sphingomyelin, the only phospholipid of the membrane that is not built with a glycerol backbone.^[1] Treatment of cell membranes, like those of RBCs, by certain enzymes, like some phospholipase A2 renders the phosphorylcholine moiety exposed to the external aqueous phase, and thus accessible for recognition by the immune system. ^[2] Antibodies against phosphorylcholine are naturally occurring autoantibodies that are created by CD5+/B-1 B cells and are referred to as non-pathogenic autoantibodies.^[3]

Thrombus-resistant stents

In the field of interventional cardiology, phosphorylcholine is used as a synthetic polymer based coating, applied to drug-eluting stents, to prevent the occurrence of coronary artery restenosis. The first application of this approach for use on stents evolved from efforts by Hayward and Chapman et al., who demonstrated that the phosphorylcholine component of the outer surface of the erythrocyte bilayer was non-thrombogenic.^[4] To date, more than 120,000 Phosphorylcholine-coated stents have been implanted in patients with no apparent deleterious effect in the long term compared to bare metal stent technologies.^[5]

Phosphorylcholine polymer-based drug-eluting stents

Drug-eluting stents (DES) are used by interventional cardiologists, operating on patients with coronary artery disease. The stent is inserted into the artery via a balloon angioplasty. This will dilate the diameter of the coronary artery and keep it fixed in this phase so that more blood flows through the artery without the risk of blood clots (atherosclerosis).^[6] Phosphorylcholine is used as the polymer based coating of a DES because its molecular design improves surface biocompatibility and lowers the risk of causing inflammation or thrombosis. Polymer coatings of stents that deliver the anti-proliferative drug Zotarolimus to the arterial vessel wall are key components of these revolutionary medical devices. For targeted local delivery of Zotarolimus to the artery, the drug is incorporated into a methacrylate-based copolymer that includes a synthetic form of phosphorylcholine. This use of biomimicry, or the practice of using polymers that occur naturally in biology, provides a coating, with minimal thrombus deposition and no adverse clinical effect on late healing of the arterial vessel wall. Not only is the coating non-thrombogenic, but it also exhibits other features that should be present when applying such a material to a medical device for long-term implantation. These include durability, neutrality to the chemistry of the incorporated drug and ability for sterilization using standard methods which do not affect drug structure or efficacy.

Notes and references

^ Karp, G., Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments. Sixth Edition ed2009: Wiley. p. 48, p.123. http://www.amazon.com/Cell-Molecular-Biology-Concepts-Experiments/dp/0470483377/ref=dp_ob_title_bk
^ Beckmann, E., M. A. Bach, et al. (1984). "Phosphorylcholine on isologous red blood cells induces polyclonal but not anti-phosphorylcholine plaque-forming cells in mice." Eur J Immunol 14(7): 595-598. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eji.1830140703/pdf
^ Hardy, Richard (2008). "Chapter 7: B Lymphocyte Development and Biology". In Paul, William. Fundamental Immunology (Book) (6th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 237–269. ISBN 0-7817-6519-6.
^ J.A. Hayward and D. Chapman, Biomembrane surfaces as models for polymer design: the potential for haemocompatibility, Biomaterials 5 (1984), pp. 135–142. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T3R-4JDN677-8&_user=128860&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000010638&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=128860&md5=4f6c66e34975a875c63d472a8895cd66 Retrieved on 2009-02-09
^ A.L. Lewis, L.A. Tolhurst and P.W. Stratford, Analysis of a phosphorylcholine-based polymer coating on a coronary stent pre- and post-implantation, Biomaterials 23 (2002), pp. 1697–1706. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T3R-4JDN677-8&_user=128860&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000010638&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=128860&md5=4f6c66e34975a875c63d472a8895cd66 Retrieved on 2009-02-09
^ A. L. Lewis, P. W. Stratford, A. L. Lewis, R. T. Freeman, L. Hughes, R. P. Redman, L. A. Tolhurst and T. A. Vick, Abstracts of UKSB 1st Annual Conference, July 2000. http://www.springerlink.com/content/m71v821028035485/ Retrieved on 2009-02-09

External links

PubChem
Phosphorylcholine at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 肺炎連鎖球菌の微生物学および病因 microbiology and pathogenesis of streptococcus pneumoniae
2. 薬剤溶出性冠動脈ステントの比較 comparison of drug eluting intracoronary stents
3. 脳脊髄液：疾患状態における検査の生理学および有用性 cerebrospinal fluid physiology and utility of an examination in disease states
4. 細菌性髄膜炎の病因および病態生理 pathogenesis and pathophysiology of bacterial meningitis
5. 小児に対する中耳腔換気用チューブ留置とその医療ケアの概要 overview of tympanostomy tube placement and medical care of children with tympanostomy tubes

English Journal

Effects of extra irradiation on surface and bulk properties of PMPC-grafted cross-linked polyethylene.

Yamane S1,2,3, Kyomoto M1,2,3, Moro T2, Watanabe K2,3, Hashimoto M4, Takatori Y2, Tanaka S5, Ishihara K1.
Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A.J Biomed Mater Res A.2016 Jan;104(1):37-47. doi: 10.1002/jbm.a.35538. Epub 2015 Jul 16.
Sterilization using high-energy irradiation is an important aspect of implementing an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene acetabular liner in total hip arthroplasty (THA). In this study, we evaluate the effects of extra irradiations such as gamma-ray or plasma irradiation during sterilization o
PMID 26148654

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Bearing Phosphorylcholine Groups for Metal-Free, Antibody-Free, and Low-Impedance Biosensors Specific for C-Reactive Protein.

Goda T1, Toya M1, Matsumoto A1, Miyahara Y1.
ACS applied materials & interfaces.ACS Appl Mater Interfaces.2015 Dec 16;7(49):27440-27448. Epub 2015 Dec 2.
Conducting polymers possessing biorecognition elements are essential for developing electrical biosensors sensitive and specific to clinically relevant biomolecules. We developed a new 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) derivative bearing a zwitterionic phosphorylcholine group via a facile synthesis
PMID 26588324

Phosphorylcholine-Based Zwitterionic Biocompatible Thermogel.

Ko du Y1, Patel M1, Jung BK1, Park JH1, Jeong B1.
Biomacromolecules.Biomacromolecules.2015 Dec 14;16(12):3853-62. doi: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01169. Epub 2015 Nov 9.
Zwitterionic polymers have been investigated as surface-coating materials due to their low protein adsorption properties, which reduce immunogenicity, biofouling, and bacterial adsorption of coated materials. Most zwitterionic polymers, reported so far, are based on (meth)acrylate polymers which can
PMID 26551029