WordNet

either of two masses of lymphatic tissue one on each side of the oral pharynx (同)palatine_tonsil, faucial_tonsil, tonsilla
a large number or amount; "made lots of new friends"; "she amassed stacks of newspapers" (同)dozens, heaps, lots, piles, scores, stacks, loads, rafts, slews, wads, oodles, gobs, scads, lashings
of or relating to the throat; "pharyngeal fricatives"

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扁桃腺(へんとうせん)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/12/08 18:38:55」(JST)

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The adenoid, also known as a pharyngeal tonsil or nasopharyngeal tonsil, is a mass of lymphatic tissue situated posterior to the nasal cavity, in the roof of the nasopharynx, where the nose blends into the throat. Normally, in children, it forms a soft mound in the roof and posterior wall of the nasopharynx, just above and behind the uvula.

Structure

Histology

The adenoid, unlike other types of tonsils, has pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium.^[1] The adenoid is often removed along with the palatine tonsils.

Clinical significance

An enlarged adenoid, or adenoid hypertrophy, can become nearly the size of a ping pong ball and completely block airflow through the nasal passages. Even if the enlarged adenoid is not substantial enough to physically block the back of the nose, it can obstruct airflow enough so that breathing through the nose requires an uncomfortable amount of work, and inhalation occurs instead through an open mouth. The enlarged adenoid can also obstruct the nasal airway enough to affect the voice without actually stopping nasal airflow altogether.

Adenoid faces

Enlargement of the adenoid, especially in children, causes an atypical appearance of the face, often referred to as adenoid faces.^{[citation needed]} Features of adenoid faces include mouth breathing, an elongated face, prominent incisors, hypoplastic maxilla, short upper lip, elevated nostrils, and a high arched palate. George Catlin, in his humorous and instructive book Breath of Life,^[2] published in 1861, illustrates adenoid faces in many engravings and advocates nose-breathing.^[3]

Removal

Surgical removal of the adenoid is a procedure called adenoidectomy. Adenoid infection may cause symptoms such as excessive mucus production, which can be treated by its removal. Studies have shown that adenoid regrowth occurs in as many as 20% of the cases after removal. Carried out through the mouth under a general anaesthetic (or less commonly a topical), adenoidectomy involves the adenoid being curetted, cauterized, lasered, or otherwise ablated.

References

^ Histology at KUMC lymphoid-lymph06
^ George Catlin, The breath of life or mal-respiration and its effects upon the enjoyments & life of man, 1864
^ Wylie, A, (1927). "Rhinology and laryngology in literature and Folk-Lore". The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 42 (2): 81–87. doi:10.1017/S0022215100029959.

External links

Anatomy diagram: 25420.000-1 at Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator, Elsevier
Adenoids: What They Are, How To Recognize Them, What To Do For Them
Histology at usuhs.mil
Histology at udel.edu
/drtbalu otolaryngology online

UpToDate Contents

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1. 成人における扁桃摘出：適応 tonsillectomy in adults indications
2. 早期（ステージIおよびII）の頭頸部癌の治療：中咽頭 treatment of early stage i and ii head and neck cancer the oropharynx
3. 成人における扁桃摘出：外科手術 tonsillectomy in adults surgery
4. 小児における口腔咽頭外傷 oropharyngeal trauma in children
5. 小児における睡眠が関係する呼吸障害の機序および素因 mechanisms and predisposing factors for sleep related breathing disorders in children

English Journal

Are distinct etiologies of upper airway obstruction in mouth-breathing children associated with different cephalometric patterns?

Franco LP1, Souki BQ2, Cheib PL3, Abrão M3, Pereira TB3, Becker HM1, Pinto JA1.
International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology.Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol.2015 Feb;79(2):223-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2014.12.013. Epub 2014 Dec 19.
OBJECTIVE: To test the null hypothesis that mouth-breathing (MB) children by distinct obstructive tissues present a similar cephalometric pattern.METHODS: The sample included 226 prepubescent children (113 MB and 113 nasal breathing (NB) controls). An ENT clinical examination, including flexible nas
PMID 25563906

Adenoids of patients with mucopolysaccharidoses demonstrate typical alterations.

Keilmann A1, Läßig AK2, Pollak-Hainz A2, Mann WJ3, Beck M4, Hainz M5.
International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology.Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol.2015 Feb;79(2):115-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2014.11.014. Epub 2014 Nov 24.
OBJECTIVE: Tonsillar hypertrophy caused by the progressive accumulation of partially degraded glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) within the cells is a typical symptom in patients with mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS). We studied the tissue of adenoids and tonsils of patients suffering from MPS with special regard
PMID 25487873

Detection of the Epstein-Barr virus, Human Bocavirus and novel KI and KU polyomaviruses in adenotonsillar tissues.

Günel C1, Kırdar S2, Ömürlü İK3, Ağdaş F4.
International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology.Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol.2015 Jan 15. pii: S0165-5876(15)00023-3. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2015.01.007. [Epub ahead of print]
OBJECTIVES: We aimed to investigate the seasonal disturbations and the rates of detection of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Human Bocavirus (HBoV), and polyomaviruses KI and WU (KIPyV and WUPyV) in adenoid and tonsil tissues during the absence of acute infection symptoms.STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional pro
PMID 25631935

Japanese Journal

歯ブラシによる口腔・咽頭外傷5例の検討

山本潤,黒田徹
小児耳鼻咽喉科 32(3), 393-400, 2011-12-01
NAID 10030290736

New paradigm in oro-pharyngeal cancer treatment : We should not be blinded by forests for tree

SON Yung H.,SASAKI Clarence T.
口腔・咽頭科 = Stomato-pharyngology 24(2), 111-114, 2011-06-10
NAID 10029058887

咽頭・頸部食道魚骨異物の3例

細野研二,小山真司,畠山好央 [他],清水直樹,細井裕司,家根旦有
耳鼻咽喉科臨床 103(11), 1035-1043, 2010-11-01
… They perforate the pharyngeal or esophageal wall and penetrate the thyroid gland relatively rarely. … Computed tomography (CT) showed a fishbone behind the right tonsil, removed orally in right tonsillectomy and ultrasonography. … Case 3 was a 93-year-old woman seen for pharyngeal and anterior neck pain, found endoscopically to involve a fishbone stuck in the esophageal wall and removed endoscopically. …
NAID 10027449499

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「咽頭扁桃」
関連記事	「pharyngeal」

「咽頭扁桃」

Pharyngeal tonsil
	Location of the adenoid
Details
Latin	tonsilla pharyngea
Identifiers
MeSH	A10.549.100
Dorlands; /Elsevier	t_13/12812454
TA	A05.3.01.006
FMA	FMA:54970
	Anatomical terminology

　　[★]

英: pharyngeal tonsil (Z)
関: 扁桃

幼児期に発達するが、学童以降は消退し、思春期にはほとんど退化する。(QB.F-100)

「pharyngeal」

　　[★]

adj.

咽頭の

関: pharynx、throat

[1] Histology at KUMC lymphoid-lymph06

[2] George Catlin, The breath of life or mal-respiration and its effects upon the enjoyments & life of man, 1864

[wylie-3] Wylie, A, (1927). "Rhinology and laryngology in literature and Folk-Lore". The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 42 (2): 81–87. doi:10.1017/S0022215100029959.

匿名

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案内

案内

pharyngeal tonsil