WordNet

paralysis of the lower half of the body (most often as a result of trauma)
suffering complete paralysis of the lower half of the body usually resulting from damage to the spinal cord
a person who has paraplegia (is paralyzed from the waist down)

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対麻痺(ついまひ)(病気による両下肢(し)の麻痺)
対麻痺(ついまひ)の,対麻痺にかかった

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/03/27 21:27:11」(JST)

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Paraplegia is an impairment in motor or sensory function of the lower extremities. The word comes from Ionic Greek: παραπληγίη "half-striking". It is usually caused by spinal cord injury or a congenital condition such as spina bifida that affects the neural elements of the spinal canal. The area of the spinal canal that is affected in paraplegia is either the thoracic, lumbar, or sacral regions. If all four limbs are affected by paralysis, tetraplegia or quadriplegia is the correct term. If only one limb is affected, the correct term is monoplegia.

Spastic paraplegia is a form of paraplegia defined by spasticity of the affected muscles, rather than flaccid paralysis.

Complications

Due to the decrease or loss of feeling or function in the lower extremities, paraplegia can contribute to a number of medical complications including pressure sores (decubitus), thrombosis, and pneumonia. Physiotherapy and numerous assistive technology, such as a standing frame, as well as vigilant self-observation and -care, may assist in helping to prevent future complications and mitigate existing complications.

As paraplegia is most often the result of a traumatic injury to the spinal cord tissue and the resulting inflammation, other nerve-related complications can and do occur. Cases of chronic nerve pain in the areas surrounding the point of injury are not uncommon. There is speculation^{[citation needed]} that the "phantom pains" experienced by individuals suffering from paralysis could be a direct result of these collateral nerve injuries misinterpreted by the brain.

Treatment

Individuals with paraplegia can range in their level of disability, requiring treatments to vary from case to case. From a rehabilitation standpoint, the most important factor is to gain as much functionality and independence back as possible. Physiotherapists spend many hours within a rehabilitation setting working on strength, range of motion/stretching and transfer skills.^[1] Wheelchair mobility is also an important skill to learn. Most paraplegics will be dependent on a wheelchair as a mode of transportation. Thus it is extremely important to teach them the basic skills to gain their independence.^[2] Activities of daily living (ADLs) can be quite challenging at first for those with a spinal cord injury (SCI). With the aid of physiotherapists and occupational therapists, individuals with an SCI can learn new skills and adapt previous ones to maximize independence, often living independently within the community.^[3]

Regeneration of the spinal cord

Olfactory ensheathing cells (OEC) have been transplanted with success in to the spinal cord of Polish man Darek Fidyka, who was the victim of a knife attack that left him paraplegic in 2010.^[4] In 2014, Fidyka underwent pioneering spinal surgery that used OEC grafts to 'bridge the gap' in his severed spinal cord. The surgery was performed in Poland in collaboration with Prof Geoff Raisman, chair of neural regeneration at University College London's Institute of Neurology, and his research team. The olfactory cells were taken from the patients olfactory bulbs in his brain and then grown in the lab, these cells were then injected above and below the impaired spinal tissue.^[5] Fidyla regained sensory and motor function in his lower limbs, notably on the side of the transplanted OEC's. He is believed to be the first person in the world to recover sensory function from a complete severing of the spinal nerves.^[5]^[4]

References

^ Taylor-Schroeder S, LaBarbera J, McDowell S et al. (2011). "The SCIRehab project: treatment time spent in SCI rehabilitation. Physical therapy treatment time during inpatient spinal cord injury rehabilitation". J Spinal Cord Med 34 (2): 149–61. doi:10.1179/107902611x12971826988057. PMC 3066500. PMID 21675354.
^ Ozelie R, Sipple C, Foy T et al. (2009). "SCIRehab Project series: the occupational therapy taxonomy". J Spinal Cord Med 32 (3): 283–97. PMC 2718817. PMID 19810630.
^ Tzonichaki I, Kleftaras G (2002). "Paraplegia from spinal cord injury: self-esteem, loneliness, and life satisfaction". OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health 22 (3): 96–103.
^ ^a ^b Walsh, Fergus (21 October 2014). "Paralysed man walks again after cell transplant". bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
^ ^a ^b Quinn, Ben (21 October 2014). "Paralysed man Darek Fidyka walks again after pioneering surgery". theguardian.com. Retrieved 26 October 2014. The 38-year-old, who is believed to be the first person in the world to recover from complete severing of the spinal nerves, can now walk with a frame and has been able to resume an independent life, even to the extent of driving a car, while sensation has returned to his lower limbs.

Look up paraplegia in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 遺伝性痙性対麻痺 hereditary spastic paraplegia
2. 脊髄に影響を与える疾患 disorders affecting the spinal cord
3. 成人における脊髄損傷：定義、機序、および放射線学的所見 spinal column injuries in adults definitions mechanisms and radiographs
4. ペリツェウス・メルツバッハー病 pelizaeus merzbacher disease
5. 腹部大動脈瘤ステントグラフト留置術に対する麻酔 anesthesia for endovascular aortic repair

English Journal

Metabolic efficiency of volitional and electrically stimulated cycling in able-bodied subjects.

Hunt KJ, Hosmann D, Grob M, Saengsuwan J.SourceInstitute for Rehabilitation and Performance Technology, Division of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Engineering and Information Technology, Bern University of Applied Sciences, CH-3400 Burgdorf, Switzerland. Electronic address: kenneth.hunt@bfh.ch.
Medical engineering & physics.Med Eng Phys.2013 Jul;35(7):919-25. doi: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2012.08.023. Epub 2012 Dec 17.
This study compared the metabolic efficiency of volitional cycling and functional-electrical-stimulation (FES) cycling within a subject group of able-bodied individuals, with a view to further elucidating the mechanisms underlying the low efficiency of FES cycling. Previous studies estimated the met
PMID 23253953

A rare family with Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia Type 35 due to novel FA2H mutations: a case report with literature review.

Cao L, Huang XJ, Chen CJ, Chen SD.SourceDepartment of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
Journal of the neurological sciences.J Neurol Sci.2013 Jun 15;329(1-2):1-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.02.026. Epub 2013 Apr 6.
BACKGROUND: Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia Type 35 is a complicated form of HSP characterized by progressive spastic paraparesis, dysarthria, and mild cognitive decline associated with leukodystrophy on brain imaging. Mutations in the fatty acid 2-hydroxylase (FA2H) gene have been associated SPG35.ME
PMID 23566484

Japanese Journal

運動誘発電位消失を来すも,対麻痺に至らなかった胸腹部大動脈手術の2症例 : 硬膜外冷却,スパイナルドレナージによる脊髄保護とグラフト側枝からのdistal perfusionによる管理症例

中沢弘一,稲冨佑弦,山本雄大 [他]
麻酔 61(8), 847-851, 2012-08
NAID 40019403600

神経線維腫症1 型の脊柱変形に伴う肋骨頭の脊柱管内脱臼

大江真人,種市洋,稲見聡,並川崇,竹内大作,岩井智守男,加藤仲幸,司馬洋,浅野太志,野原裕
Dokkyo journal of medical sciences 39(2), 129-133, 2012-07-25
2006 年4 月〜2010 年3 月の神経線維腫症1 型に伴う脊柱変形手術例10 例中3 例に肋骨頭の脊柱管内脱臼がみられた.症例1 は6 歳の男児でT4-8:74°,T8-11:72° の側弯があり,左第4 と第5 肋骨頭の脊柱管内への陥入を認めた.症例2 は11 歳の男児でT3-7:100° の側弯とT3-T9:90° の後弯があり,左第6 肋骨頭が脊柱管内へ脱臼し,脊髄を圧排していた.症例 …
NAID 110009443679

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「片麻痺」「plegia」「paraplegic」「対麻痺」
拡張検索	「spastic paraplegia」

「片麻痺」

Paraplegia
Classification and external resources
ICD-10	G82.1
ICD-9	334.1, 344.1
MeSH	D010264

　　[★]

hemi plegia
日: かたまひ
英: hemiplegia
同: 半側麻痺、半身麻痺
関: 不全片麻痺 hemiparesis、半身不随、交差性片麻痺、完全片麻痺、対麻痺 paraplegia

[show details]

片麻痺 へんまひ : 約 18,800 件
片麻痺 かたまひ : 約 48,000 件

身体半身の麻痺

「plegia」

　　[★]

comb form.

麻痺(=paralysis, palsy)

関: cauterize、numb、palsy、paralysis、paralyze、Todd's paralysis; plegic

ex.

hemiplegia 片麻痺 , paraplegia 対麻痺、両側麻痺

「paraplegic」

　　[★]

para + plegic 麻痺の

adj.

対麻痺の

n.

対麻痺の患者

対麻痺の

関: paraplegia

「対麻痺」

　　[★]

para
英: paraplegia
同: 両側麻痺 diplegia
関: 痙性対麻痺、片麻痺

「spastic paraplegia」

　　[★] 痙性対麻痺

関: paraplegia、spastic paraparesis

[1] Taylor-Schroeder S, LaBarbera J, McDowell S et al. (2011). "The SCIRehab project: treatment time spent in SCI rehabilitation. Physical therapy treatment time during inpatient spinal cord injury rehabilitation". J Spinal Cord Med 34 (2): 149–61. doi:10.1179/107902611x12971826988057. PMC 3066500. PMID 21675354.

[2] Ozelie R, Sipple C, Foy T et al. (2009). "SCIRehab Project series: the occupational therapy taxonomy". J Spinal Cord Med 32 (3): 283–97. PMC 2718817. PMID 19810630.

[3] Tzonichaki I, Kleftaras G (2002). "Paraplegia from spinal cord injury: self-esteem, loneliness, and life satisfaction". OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health 22 (3): 96–103.

[SpinalReg2014-10-21-2-4] Walsh, Fergus (21 October 2014). "Paralysed man walks again after cell transplant". bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 26 October 2014.

[SpinalReg2014-10-21-5] Quinn, Ben (21 October 2014). "Paralysed man Darek Fidyka walks again after pioneering surgery". theguardian.com. Retrieved 26 October 2014. The 38-year-old, who is believed to be the first person in the world to recover from complete severing of the spinal nerves, can now walk with a frame and has been able to resume an independent life, even to the extent of driving a car, while sensation has returned to his lower limbs.

匿名

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案内

案内

paraplegia