WordNet

combined with or having undergone a chemical reaction with oxygen; "the oxidized form of iodine" (同)oxidised
add oxygen to or combine with oxygen (同)oxidise, oxidate

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/03 06:44:54」(JST)

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Glutathione disulfide (GSSG) is a disulfide derived from two glutathione molecules.^[1]

In living cells, glutathione disulfide is reduced into two molecules of glutathione with reducing equivalents from the coenzyme NADPH. This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme glutathione reductase.^[2] Antioxidant enzymes, such as glutathione peroxidases and peroxiredoxins, generate glutathione disulfide during the reduction of peroxides such as hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and organic hydroperoxides (ROOH):^[3]

2 GSH + ROOH → GSSG + ROH + H₂O

Other enzymes, such as glutaredoxins, generate glutathione disulfide through thiol-disulfide exchange with protein disulfide bonds or other low molecular mass compounds, such as coenzyme A disulfide or dehydroascorbic acid.^[4]

2 GSH + R-S-S-R → GSSG + 2 RSH

References

^ Meister A, Anderson M (1983). "Glutathione". Annu Rev Biochem 52: 711–60. doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.52.070183.003431. PMID 6137189.
^ Deneke SM, Fanburg BL (October 1989). "Regulation of cellular glutathione". Am. J. Physiol. 257 (4 Pt 1): L163–73. PMID 2572174.
^ Meister A (1988). "Glutathione metabolism and its selective modification" (PDF). J Biol Chem 263 (33): 17205–8. PMID 3053703.
^ Holmgren A, Johansson C, Berndt C, Lönn ME, Hudemann C, Lillig CH (December 2005). "Thiol redox control via thioredoxin and glutaredoxin systems". Biochem. Soc. Trans. 33 (Pt 6): 1375–7. doi:10.1042/BST20051375. PMID 16246122.

UpToDate Contents

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1. ヘキソースリン酸側路およびグルタチオン代謝疾患（グルコース-6-リン酸脱水素酵素欠損症を除く） disorders of the hexose monophosphate shunt and glutathione metabolism other than glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
2. グルコース-6-リン酸脱水素酵素欠損症の遺伝学および病態生理 genetics and pathophysiology of glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
3. 心不全における酸化ストレスの役割 role of oxidative stress in heart failure
4. 晩発性皮膚ポルフィリン症とC型肝炎ウイルス感染 porphyria cutanea tarda and hepatitis c virus infection
5. 薬物および毒素による外因性非自己免疫性溶血性貧血 extrinsic nonautoimmune hemolytic anemia due to drugs and toxins

English Journal

Water electrolyte promoted oxidation of functional thiol groups.

Lauwers K1, Breynaert E2, Rombouts I3, Delcour JA3, Kirschhock CE1.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 Apr 15;197 Pt B:1235-9. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.11.075. Epub 2015 Nov 14.
The formation of disulfide bonds is of the utmost importance for a wide range of food products with gluten or globular proteins as functional agents. Here, the impact of mineral electrolyte composition of aqueous solutions on thiol oxidation kinetics was studied, using glutathione (GSH) and cysteine
PMID 26675862

Protective effects of five allium derived organosulfur compounds against mutation and oxidation.

Chiu CK1, Chen TY2, Lin JH3, Wang CY3, Wang BS4.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 Apr 15;197(Pt A):829-35. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.11.064. Epub 2015 Nov 14.
In this study, we examined the ability of five allium-derived organosulfur compounds to protect cells against mutation and oxidation. The compounds tested were 1-propylmercaptan (PM), dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), diallyl disulfide (DADS), propyl disulfide (PDS), and 2,5-dimethylthiophene (DMT). Our re
PMID 26617023

Redox agents and N-ethylmaleimide affect protein polymerization during laboratory scale dry pasta production and cooking.

Bruneel C1, Buggenhout J2, Lagrain B2, Brijs K2, Delcour JA2.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 Apr 1;196:646-53. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.09.105. Epub 2015 Oct 8.
Durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) semolina gluten proteins consist of monomeric gliadin and polymeric glutenin and determine the quality of pasta products made therefrom. During pasta drying, glutenin starts polymerizing already below 60°C (65% relative humidity (RH)), whereas gliadin only is inco
PMID 26593538

Japanese Journal

Temporal Changes in Glutaredoxin 1 and Protein S-Glutathionylation in Allergic Airway Inflammation

PLOS ONE 10(4), e0122986, 2015-04-14
NAID 120005611268

高温加熱加工・調理で小麦製品等に生じるリスク:─発がん物質アクリルアミド─

日本食生活学会誌 26(2), 55-58, 2015
NAID 130005106844

Selective Thiol Detection in Authentic Biological Samples with the Use of Screen-printed Electrodes

Analytical Sciences 31(7), 685-691, 2015
NAID 130005087164

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「GSSG」「glutathione disulfide」
関連記事	「oxidize」「oxidized」

「GSSG」

Glutathione disulfide
Names
	IUPAC name (2S)-2-amino-5-[[(2R)-3-[(2R)-2-[[(4S)-4-amino-5-hydroxy-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-3-(carboxymethylamino)-3-oxopropyl]disulfanyl-1- (carboxymethylamino)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid
Identifiers
Abbreviations	GSSG
CAS Registry Number	27025-41-8
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1372
ChemSpider	58835
	InChI InChI=1S/C20H32N6O12S2/c21-9(19(35)36)1-3-13(27)25-11(17(33)23-5-15(29)30)7-39-40-8-12(18(34)24-6-16(31)32)26-14(28)4-2-10(22)20(37)38/h9-12H,1-8,21-22H2,(H,23,33)(H,24,34)(H,25,27)(H,26,28)(H,29,30)(H,31,32)(H,35,36)(H,37,38)/t9-,10-,11-,12-/m0/s1 ; Key: YPZRWBKMTBYPTK-BJDJZHNGSA-N ; InChI=1/C20H32N6O12S2/c21-9(19(35)36)1-3-13(27)25-11(17(33)23-5-15(29)30)7-39-40-8-12(18(34)24-6-16(31)32)26-14(28)4-2-10(22)20(37)38/h9-12H,1-8,21-22H2,(H,23,33)(H,24,34)(H,25,27)(H,26,28)(H,29,30)(H,31,32)(H,35,36)(H,37,38)/t9-,10-,11-,12-/m0/s1; Key: YPZRWBKMTBYPTK-BJDJZHNGBD ;
Jmol-3D images	Image
PubChem	65359; 11215652
	SMILES C(CC(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)O)NC(=O)CC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N)C(=O)NCC(=O)O)[C@@H](C(=O)O)N ;
Properties
Chemical formula	C20H32N6O12S2
Molar mass	612.631 g/mol
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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	Infobox references