同: 視索

WordNet

a brief treatise on a subject of interest; published in the form of a booklet (同)pamphlet
an extended area of land (同)piece of land, piece of ground, parcel of land, parcel
a system of body parts that together serve some particular purpose
a drawing created by superimposing a semitransparent sheet of paper on the original image and copying on it the lines of the original image (同)trace
the act of drawing a plan or diagram or outline
the discovery and description of the course of development of something; "the tracing of genealogies"
optical properties; "the optics of a telescope"
the branch of physics that studies the physical properties of light

PrepTutorEJDIC

広大な土地(地域),(土地・海・空などの)広がり《+of+名》 / (器官の)管,(神経の)索
(おもに宗教・政治などの宣伝用の)小冊子,パンフレット
跡を追うこと,追跡;透写,複写 / 〈C〉 / 透写(複写)によってできたもの(地図・図案など),透写図
光学
(・・・を)選ぶ《+『for』+『名』》;(・・・するほうを)選ぶ《+『to』 do》
目の;視覚の

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/10/29 13:01:39」(JST)

wiki en

The optic tract (from the Latin tractus opticus) is a part of the visual system in the brain. It is a continuation of the optic nerve that relays information from the optic chiasm to the ipsilateral lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), pretectal nuclei, and superior colliculus.^[1]

It is composed of two individual tracts, the left optic tract and the right optic tract, each of which conveys visual information exclusive to its respective contralateral half of the visual field. Each of these tracts is derived from a combination of temporal and nasal retinal fibers from each eye that corresponds to one half of the visual field. In more specific terms, the optic tract contains fibers from the ipsilateral temporal hemiretina and contralateral nasal hemiretina.

Visual System

The optic tract carries retinal information relating to the whole visual field. Specifically, the left optic tract corresponds to the right visual field, while the right optic tract corresponds to the left visual field. To form the right visual field, temporal retinal fibers from the left eye and nasal retinal fibers from the right eye form the left optic tract, and to form the left visual field, temporal retinal fibers from the right eye and nasal retinal fibers from the left eye form the right optic tract.^[2]

Optic Tract	Visual Field	Temporal Retinal Fibers	Nasal Retinal Fibers
Left	Right	Left	Right
Right	Left	Right	Left

Autonomics

Several autonomic ocular motor responses are consensual. The optic tract is primarily responsible relaying visual information to the LGN, but it is also peripherally responsible for transducing these bilateral autonomic reflexes, including the pupillary light reflex and pupillary dark reflex.^[3]

Pupillary Light Reflex

The pupillary light reflex is an autonomic reflex that controls pupil diameter to accommodate for increases in illumination as perceived by the retina. Higher light intensity causes pupil constriction, and the increase of light stimulation of one eye will cause pupillary constriction of both eyes. The neural circuitry of the pupillary light reflex includes the optic tract which joins the optic nerve to the brachium of the superior colliculus.^[4]

Pupillary Dark Reflex

Similarly to the pupillary light reflex, the pupillary dark reflex is an autonomic reflex that controls pupil diameter to accommodate for decreases in illumination as perceived by the retina. Lower light intensity causes pupil dilation, and the decrease of light stimulation of one eye will cause pupillary dilation of both eyes. Similarly, the neural circuitry of the pupillary dark reflex includes the optic tract which joins the optic nerve to the hypothalamus.^[5]

Damage and Pathologies

Lesions

Lesions in the optic tract correspond to visual field loss on the left or right half of the vertical midline, also known as homonymous hemianopsia. A lesion in the left optic tract will cause right-sided homonymous hemianopsia, while a lesion in the right optic tract will cause left-sided homonymous hemianopsia. Stroke, congenital defects, tumors, infection, and surgery are all possible causes of optic tract damage. Peripheral prism expanders and vision restitution therapy are often employed in patients with visual field loss resultant of permanent optic tract damage.^[6]

Split-Brain

In certain split-brain patients who have undergone a corpus callosotomy to treat severe epilepsy, the information from one optic tract does not get transmitted to both hemispheres. For instance, a split-brain patient shown an image in the left visual field will be unable to vocally name what has been seen as the speech-control center is in the left hemisphere of the brain.

Pupillary Reflexes

Pupillary reflexes, particularly the pupillary light reflex, are a powerful diagnostic tool often employed in clinical and emergency medical practice. A lack of equal consensual pupillary constriction to a light stimulus can be indicative of optic nerve damage, brainstem death, or optic tract damage in between.

Additional images

Diagram of hippocampus
Schematic diagram of the primate lateral geniculate nucleus.
Superficial dissection of brain-stem. Ventral view.
Coronal section of brain through intermediate mass of third ventricle.
Hind- and mid-brains; postero-lateral view.
Scheme showing central connections of the optic nerves and optic tracts.
Base of brain.
Section of brain showing upper surface of temporal lobe.
Dissection showing the course of the cerebrospinal fibers.
Human brainstem anterior view
Optic tract and optic nerve
Optic tract
Cerebrum. Deep dissection. Inferior dissection.
Cerebral peduncle, optic chasm, cerebral aqueduct. Inferior view. Deep dissection.
Cerebral peduncle, optic chasm, cerebral aqueduct. Inferior view. Deep dissection.
Cerebrum.Inferior view.Deep dissection.
Cerebrum.Inferior view.Deep dissection.
Cerebrum.Inferior view.Deep dissection.
Cerebrum. Inferior view.Deep dissection
Cerebrum. Inferior view.Deep dissection

References

^ Optic tract. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved from: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/430336/optic-tract (accessed Nov 1, 2013).
^ Chudler E. (2011). Visual Pathway. Neuroscience for Kids. Retrieved from: http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/vispath.html (accessed July 28, 2014).
^ Dragoi V. (1997). Chapter 7: Ocular Motor System. Neuroscience Online. Retrieved from: http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s2/chapter15.html (accessed Nov 2, 2013).
^ Optic nerve. Science Daily. Retrieved from: http://www.sciencedaily.com/articles/o/optic_nerve.htm (accessed Nov 2, 2013).
^ Kolb H, Fernandez E, and Nelson R. (2007). Gross Anatomy of the Eye. The Organization of the Retina and Visual System.
^ Optic tract. Healthline Body Maps. Retrieved from: http://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/optic-tract#3/12 (accessed Nov 1, 2013).

UpToDate Contents

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1. 同名半盲 homonymous hemianopia
2. 視神経膠腫 optic pathway glioma
3. 小児における急性視力低下へのアプローチ approach to acute vision loss in children
4. 急性持続性視力喪失が認められた成人に対するアプローチ approach to the adult with acute persistent visual loss
5. 小児における中枢神経系腫瘍の臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of central nervous system tumors in children

English Journal

Micro-endoscopy of the human vas deferens: a feasibility study of a novel device in several ex vivo models.

Trottmann M1, Sroka R1,2, Braun C3, Liedl B4, Schaaf H5, Graw M3, Becker AJ1, Stief CG1, Khoder WY1.
Andrology.Andrology.2017 Jan;5(1):75-81. doi: 10.1111/andr.12282. Epub 2016 Nov 17.
The aim of this study was to show limitation as well as potential of micro-endoscopy techniques as an innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approach in andrology. Two kinds of custom-made micro-endoscopes (ME) were tested in ex vivo vas deferens specimen and in post-mortem whole body. The semi-rigid
PMID 27860356

Evaluation of neonatal brain myelination using the T1- and T2-weighted MRI ratio.

Soun JE1, Liu MZ1, Cauley KA2, Grinband J1.
Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.J Magn Reson Imaging.2016 Dec 26. doi: 10.1002/jmri.25570. [Epub ahead of print]
PURPOSE: To validate the T1- and T2-weighted (T1w/T2w) MRI ratio technique in evaluating myelin in the neonatal brain.MATERIALS AND METHODS: T1w and T2w MR images of 10 term neonates with normal-appearing brain parenchyma were obtained from a single 1.5 Tesla MRI and retrospectively analyzed. T1w/T2
PMID 28019046

Hermes Regulates Axon Sorting in the Optic Tract by Post-Trancriptional Regulation of Neuropilin 1.

Hörnberg H1, Cioni JM1, Harris WA1, Holt CE2.
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.J Neurosci.2016 Dec 14;36(50):12697-12706. Epub 2016 Nov 9.
The establishment of precise topographic maps during neural development is facilitated by the presorting of axons in the pathway before they reach their targets. In the vertebrate visual system, such topography is seen clearly in the optic tract (OT) and in the optic radiations. However, the molecul
PMID 27974617

Japanese Journal

WFS1複合ヘテロ変異を認めたWolfram症候群女性の長期予後と医療管理

藤巻理沙,岩崎直子,山本弥生,花井豪,佐藤麻子,谷澤幸生,岩本安彦
東京女子医科大学雑誌 81(E2), E241-E246, 2011-03-31
… Wolfram症候群(diabetes insipidus and mellitus with optic atrophy and deafness; …
NAID 110008441475

運動学習を導くエラー信号の入力源と機能的役割

小野誠司
日本神経回路学会誌 = The Brain & neural networks 18(1), 31-40, 2011-03-05
… Therefore, we applied micro-electrical stimulation in the pretectal nucleus of the optic tract (NOT), which encodes retinal error information during smooth pursuit and sends signals to the cerebellum through the inferior olive. …
NAID 10028190957

Distribution of the Inflammatory Lesions in the Central Nervous System of Dogs Affected with Disseminated and Ocular Form of Granulomatous Meningoencephalomyelitis

MAEHARA Tomomi,SHIMADA Akinori,MORITA Takehito,SAWASHIMA Yuko,SAWASHIMA Kou
日本獣醫學会会誌 71(4), 509-512, 2009
… In dog 2, the inflammatory changes predominated in the visual system such as the optic nerve, optic tract and optic radiation in the cerebrum (ocular form). …
NAID 130000134356

Related Pictures

Vision 1a Optic tract: Anatomy, function and diagram | Kenhub WBR0586 - wikidoc 2-Minute Neuroscience: Optic Nerve (Cranial Nerve II) - YouTube Visual Field Defects - FRCEM Success The optic tract. The transmission of visual information takes place News Photo Optic nerve [II] - Schematic Human anatomy : Retina, Optic chiasma, Optic tract optic_tract [Operative Neurosurgery]

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「視索」「visual pathway」「tractus opticus」
関連記事	「opt」「tracing」「optic」「optics」「tract」

「視索」

Optic tract
	The left optic nerve and the optic tracts.
Details
Part of	Visual system
Identifiers
Latin	tractus opticus
TA	A14.1.08.404
FMA	62046
	Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy [edit on Wikidata]

　　[★]

英: optic tract
ラ: tractus opticus

「visual pathway」

　　[★]

視覚路

関: optic tract

「tractus opticus」

　　[★]

視索

関: optic tract

「opt」

　　[★]

v.

選ぶ、選択する

関: choice、choose、elect、elective、option、optional、prefer、select、selection、selective

「tracing」

　　[★]

n.

追跡

関: chase、follow up、follow-up、pursue、pursuit、trace

「optic」

　　[★]

adj.

視覚性の、視覚の

関: ocular、vision、visual

「optics」

　　[★]

光学、オプティクス

関: optical

「tract」

　　[★]

n.

路

関: tractus

[1] Optic tract. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved from: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/430336/optic-tract (accessed Nov 1, 2013).

[2] Chudler E. (2011). Visual Pathway. Neuroscience for Kids. Retrieved from: http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/vispath.html (accessed July 28, 2014).

[3] Dragoi V. (1997). Chapter 7: Ocular Motor System. Neuroscience Online. Retrieved from: http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s2/chapter15.html (accessed Nov 2, 2013).

[4] Optic nerve. Science Daily. Retrieved from: http://www.sciencedaily.com/articles/o/optic_nerve.htm (accessed Nov 2, 2013).

[5] Kolb H, Fernandez E, and Nelson R. (2007). Gross Anatomy of the Eye. The Organization of the Retina and Visual System.

[6] Optic tract. Healthline Body Maps. Retrieved from: http://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/optic-tract#3/12 (accessed Nov 1, 2013).

v t e Optical illusions

List of optical illusions

Afterimage Barberpole Bezold Blivet Café wall Cornsweet Delboeuf Ebbinghaus Ehrenstein Flash lag Fraser spiral Grid Hering Jastrow Mach McCollough Müller-Lyer Necker Orbison Penrose stairs triangle Peripheral drift Poggendorff Ponzo Rubin Sander Schroeder Ternus Vertical–horizontal White's Wundt Zöllner

Related	Auditory Tactile Temporal Op art Ascending and Descending Waterfall

v t e The sensory system

Special senses	Sight Visual system Hearing Auditory system Smell Olfactory system Taste Gustatory system

Touch and position	Pain Nociception Temperature Thermoception Sense of balance Vestibular system Mechanoreception Pressure vibration Proprioception Sense of body parts and movement

Other	Sensory receptor Multisensory integration Sensory processing Chemoreception

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optic tract