WordNet

express ones opinion openly and without fear or hesitation; "John spoke up at the meeting" (同)speak_up, speak out, animadvert, sound_off

PrepTutorEJDIC

《『opine』+『that節』》…‘と'考える,思う

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/11/03 23:52:28」(JST)

wiki en

Opines are low molecular weight compounds found in plant crown gall tumors or hairy root tumors produced by parasitic bacteria of the genus Agrobacterium.^[1] Opine biosynthesis is catalyzed by specific enzymes encoded by genes contained in a small segment of DNA (known as the T-DNA, for 'transfer DNA'), which is part of the Ti plasmid, inserted by the bacterium into the plant genome. The opines are used by the bacterium as an important source of nitrogen and energy. Each strain of Agrobacterium induces and catabolizes a specific set of opines. There are at least 30 different opines described so far.

General overview of opine-synthesis

Chemical structure

Chemically, opines fall into two major structural classes:

Chemical structure of nopaline

Chemical structure of octopine

1. The vast majority are secondary amine derivatives formed by condensation of an amino acid, either with a keto acid or a sugar. The first subcategory includes the nopaline and octopine families. The nopaline family (nopaline, nopalinic acid, leucinopine, glutaminopine, succinamopine) is formed when alpha-ketoglutarate serves as the keto substrate in the condensation reaction. The octopine family (octopine, octopinic acid, lysopine, histopine) is formed when pyruvate is involved in the condensation reaction.

Chemical structure of mannopine

The second subcategory includes the mannityl family (mannopine, mannopinic acid, agropine, agropinic acid) formed by the condensation of an amino-acid with mannose.

2. Agrocinopines form a small, separate class of opines. Chemically they are sugar-phosphodiesters. For example, agrocinopine A is a phosphodiester of sucrose and L-arabinose.

Nomenclature

The name opine comes from octopine, the first opine discovered in 1927, not in crown galls, but in octopus muscle. According to Oxford English Dictionary, the word opine was first used in print in 1977. Usually, the name of newly discovered opines has the ending "-opine". Exceptions are nopaline and strombine. On the other hand, not all molecule names ending in "-opine" are opines. For example, atropine, stylopine, europine, and lycopine belong to different classes of molecules.

Other sources of opines

Opines and opine-like substances are not restricted to crown galls tumors. The very first opine discovered, octopine, was initially isolated from octopus muscle. Similar derivatives have been isolated from muscle tissue of certain marine invertebrates: alanopine, strombine, and tauropine. Opines like acetopine and nopaline can also be formed in normal callus and plant tissue as a result of arginine metabolism. Saccharopine is an intermediate in the metabolism of amino acid lysine and occurs in fungi, higher plants and mammals, including man. The poisonous mushroom Clitocybe acromelalga is a source of four opine type amino acids: valinopine, epileucinopine, isoleucinopine and phenylalaninopine.

List of opines

This is an alphabetical list of some opines or opine-like compounds.

Acetopine

Acetopine (N²-(Carboxymethyl)-arginine or demethyl-octopine) was isolated from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and soybean (Glycine max) callus. It wasn't found in plant tissues transformed by Agrobacterium and therefore it is not considered a "true" opine.

Agrocinopines

Agrocinopines (A-D) are a separate class of opines. They are sugar-phosphodiesters. Agrocinopine A is phosphodiester of sucrose and L-Arabinose. Agrocinopine B is the corresponding phosphodiester, in which the glucose has been hydrolyzed from the sucrose portion of agrocinopine A.

Agropine

Agropine (1'-Deoxy-D-mannitol-1'-yl)-L-glutamine,1',2'-lactone) was obtained from crown gall tumors. It is a member of the mannityl family. It is derived from mannopine through the formation of a lactone.

Agropinic acid

Agropinic acid (N-1-(D-mannityl)-L-glutamic acid lactam) is produced by crown gall tumors. Belongs to the mannityl family. It is formed by lactamization of agropine.

Alanopine

Beta-alanopine (2,2'-Iminodipropionic acid or L-Alanine, N-(1-carboxyethyl)-) and meso-Alanopine (meso-N-(1-carboxyethyl)-alanine) were isolated from marine invertebrates. Structurally it is a member of the octopine family.

Asparaginopine

See succinamopine

Chrysopine

Chrysopine (d-lactone of N-1-deoxy-D-fructosyl-L-glutamine) was first obtained from fig tree and chrysanthemum crown gall tumors. It is the deoxyfructosyl analog of agropine.

Cucumopine

Cucumopine (4,6-Dicarboxy-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine-4-propanoic acid) was found in grapevine crown gall tumours and carrot hairy-root cultures.

Epileucinopine

Epileucinopine (N-(1-Carboxy-3-methylbutyl)glutamic acid or N²-(1,3-Dicarboxypropyl)leucine) was isolated from the poisonous mushroom Clitocybe acromelalga.

Glutaminopine

Glutaminopine (N²-(D-1,3-dicarboxypropyl) derivative of glutamine) is a member of the nopaline family isolated from crown gall tumors.

Heliopine

Heliopine (also named vitopine) (N² -(1-Carboxyethyl)glutamine) was obtained from crown gall tumors.

Histopine

Histopine (N-(D-1-carboxyethyl)histidine) is a member of the octopine family found in crown gall tumors.

Isoleucinopine

Isoleucinopine (N-(1-Carboxy-2-methylbutyl)glutamic acid or N-(1,3-Dicarboxypropyl)isoleucine) was isolated from the poisonous mushroom Clitocybe acromelalga.

Leucinopine

Leucinopine (N²-(D-1,3-dicarboxypropyl) derivative of leucine) is a member of the nopaline family isolated from crown gall tumors.

Lysopine

Lysopine (N²-(D-l-carboxyethyl)-L-lysine) is a member of the octopine family found in crown gall tumors.

Mannopine

Mannopine (N-1-(D-mannityl)-L-glutamine) is found in crown gall tumors. It is the head member of the mannityl family of opines.

Mannopinic acid

Mannopinic acid (N-1-(D-mannityl)-L-glutamic acid) was isolated from crown gall tumors. Belongs to the mannityl family.

Methiopine

Methiopine (N-[1-D-(carboxyl)ethyl]-L-methionine) was found in crown gall tumors.

Mikimopine

Mikimopine (4-Epimer of cucumopine) was first isolated from tobacco crow gall tumors.

Nopaline

Nopaline (N²-(~-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-arginine) was first isolated from crown gall tumors. It is the head member of the nopaline family of opines. It was also found in certain nontransformed plant tissues as a result of arginine metabolism

Nopalinic acid

Nopalinic acid (also named ornaline) (N²-(~-1,3-dicarboxypropy1)-L-ornithine) is a member of the nopaline family found in crown gall tumors.

Octopine

Octopine (N²-(D-l-carboxyethyl)-L-arginine) is the first opine discovered in 1927 in octopus muscle and later in crown gall tumors. It is also found in other cephalopod species and lamellibranchs. It is the head member of the octopine family of opines.

Octopinic acid

Octopinic acid (N²-(D-l-carboxyethyl)-L-ornithine) is a member of the octopine family isolated from crown gall tumors.

Ornaline

See nopalinic acid

Phenylalaninopine

Phenylalaninopine (N-(1-Carboxy-2-phenylethyl)glutamic acid) was isolated from the poisonous mushroom Clitocybe acromelalga.

Rideopine

Rideopine (N-(4'-aminobutyl)-D-glutamic acid) is an opine-like molecule derived from putrescine. It is obtained from crown gall tumors.

Saccharopine

Although not found in crown gall tumors, saccharopine (epsilon-N-(L-Glutar-2-yl)-L-lysine) is chemically similar to "true" opines. It is formed by condensation of lysine and alpha-ketoglutarate. Saccharopine is an intermediate in the metabolism of amino acid lysine and occurs in fungi, higher plants and mammals, including man.

Santhopine

Santhopine is the deoxyfructosyl analog of mannopine. It is a naturally occurring compound found in rotting fruits and vegetables. It was also isolated from crown gall tumors.

Strombine

Strombine (Methylimidodiacetic acid or N-(D-1-carboxyethyl)-glycine) was first isolated from the gastropod mollusk Strombus. It acts as a fish attractant. Structurally it is a member of the octopine family.

Succinamopine

Succinamopine (also named asparaginopine) (N-(3-Amino-1-carboxy-3-oxopropyl)glutamic acid) is a member of the nopaline family isolated from crown gall tumors. Its structure is analogous to that of nopaline, with asparagine replacing arginine.

Tauropine

Tauropine (N-(D-1-carboxyethyl)-taurine) was found in some marine invertebrates. It is also called rhodoic acid. Structurally it is a member of the octopine family.

Valinopine

Valinopine (N-(1-Carboxy-2-methylpropyl)glutamic acid or N-(1,3-Dicarboxypropyl)valine) was isolated from the poisonous mushroom Clitocybe acromelalga.

Vitopine

See heliopine

References

^ Moore, Larry W.; Chilton, William Scott; Canfield, Marilyn L. (1997). "Diversity of opines and opine-catabolizing bacteria isolated from naturally occurring crown gall tumors". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 63 (1): 201–207.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. Pregestational diabetes mellitus: Glycemic control during pregnancy

English Journal

Phylogenetic comparison of opine dehydrogenase sequences from marine invertebrates.

Vázquez-Dorado S, de Carlos A, Comesaña AS, Sanjuán A.SourceDepartment of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, University of Vigo, Campus Universitario Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain. vazquezdorado@uvigo.es
Biochemical genetics.Biochem Genet.2013 Feb;51(1-2):154-65. doi: 10.1007/s10528-012-9551-z. Epub 2012 Nov 2.
Three cDNA sequences encoding putative opine dehydrogenase (OpDH) enzymes from the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis were obtained. The deduced amino acid sequences were clearly distinguishable from each other, showing that several OpDH transcripts could occur in the mussel tissues (p distance 0.46-0
PMID 23117699

Horizontal gene transfer from genus agrobacterium to the plant linaria in nature.

Matveeva TV, Bogomaz DI, Pavlova OA, Nester EW, Lutova LA.SourceDepartment of Genetics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia. radishlet@gmail.com
Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI.Mol Plant Microbe Interact.2012 Dec;25(12):1542-51. doi: 10.1094/MPMI-07-12-0169-R.
Genes can be transferred horizontally between prokaryotes and eukaryotes in nature. The best-studied examples occur between Agrobacterium rhizogenes and certain Nicotiana spp. To investigate possible additional cases of horizontal gene transfer in nature between Agrobacterium and plants, a real-time
PMID 23134518

Competency to Stand Trial Among Female Inpatients.

Kois L, Pearson J, Chauhan P, Goni M, Saraydarian L.AbstractCompetency to stand trial evaluations are conducted by forensic mental health professionals to opine whether defendants possess the mental abilities to understand, appreciate, and reason in regard to their court proceedings. The majority of research on competency to stand trial evaluations has focused on males, with research on female defendants being relatively underexplored. Even less is known of diverse female samples referred for competency evaluation. In the current study, we sought to examine whether characteristics associated with competency among predominantly male samples translate to a racially, ethnically, and culturally diverse group of female defendants (N = 288, 85% non-White). Chi-square analyses revealed significant relationships between findings of incompetence and defendants' diagnosis of a psychotic disorder, active psychotic symptoms, medication noncompliance, nonparticipation in the evaluation, and nonfelony charges. Logistic regression analysis indicated that defendants who experienced active psychotic symptoms, did not participate in their evaluations, and were not compliant with their medication were most likely to be found incompetent. Notably, neither minority status nor age was a significant characteristic in predicting incompetence. These findings in particular differ from much of the literature and highlight the need to examine competency within a cross-cultural framework, as characteristics associated with competency opinions do not necessarily translate across demographic groups. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).
Law and human behavior.Law Hum Behav.2012 Nov 12. [Epub ahead of print]
Competency to stand trial evaluations are conducted by forensic mental health professionals to opine whether defendants possess the mental abilities to understand, appreciate, and reason in regard to their court proceedings. The majority of research on competency to stand trial evaluations has focus
PMID 23148467

Equivalence of acid alone or acid-alcohol as decolourizing agent in Ziehl-Neelsen method.

Sekar MG, Rehman F, Kumar V, Selvakumar N.SourceDepartment of Bacteriology (Retd), National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (ICMR), Chetput, Chennai - 600 031, Tamil Nadu.
The Indian journal of tuberculosis.Indian J Tuberc.2012 Oct;59(4):219-23.
BACKGROUND: Microscopists opine that acid-alcohol decolourized slides may enhance acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear positivity, and published documents on equivalence of acid and acid-alcohol in ZN staining method are not easily accessible.SETTING: National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chenna
PMID 23342542

Japanese Journal

cDNA cloning and primary structure comparison of tauropine dehydrogenase and β-alanopine dehydrogenase from the limpet Cellana grata

ENDO Noriyuki,MATSU-URA Hiroto,KAN-NO Nobuhiro
Fisheries science : FS 75(6), 1471-1479, 2009-11-01
NAID 10025444580

ビルマ古典歌謡における作品とジャンルの関係:演奏様式の解釈としてのジャンル

井上さゆり
東洋音楽研究 2008(73), 1-18, 2008
現在のビルマ (ミャンマー) において「古典歌謡」として位置づけられている歌謡作品群「大歌謡 (thachingyi)」は、二十前後の下位ジャンルに区分されている。特定のジャンルに属する作品は旋律を共有して類似しているものが多く、またジャンル区分は歌謡集において明示されていることもあり、作品のジャンル区分についての疑問はこれまで呈されてこなかった。筆者はこれまでの研究において、作品が作られた時点で …
NAID 130003704806

中東鉄道とダーリニー(大連)港の勃興:1898-1904年

麻田雅文
スラヴ研究 (55), 183-218[含英語文要旨], 2008
… However, it would be incorrect to opine that Dalian's trade completely failed under Russian rule. …
NAID 120001498453

Production of dwarf potted gentian using wild-type Agrobacterium rhizogenes

, , [他], , , , , ,
Plant biotechnology 23(1), 33-38, 2006-03-01
… Opine synthesis and rolC gene expression were analyzed to demonstrate successful introduction and expression of the transferred DNA. …
NAID 10021907791

Related Pictures

Home - Opine Consulting Limited Opine Não (@OpineNao) | Twitter OPINE the designerz (@opineweb) | Twitter Opine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia OPINE (@OPINESTORE) | Twitter OPINE (GRAY MIX) - ORPHIC SHOP - UFG/CAJ - Opine sobre nosso novo site MOBILE SOUTH, LLC v. CITY OF ROSWELL, GA