WordNet

(geology) amass of fine-grained rock in which fossils, crystals, or gems are embedded
mold used in the production of phonograph records, type, or other relief surface
the body substance in which tissue cells are embedded (同)intercellular substance, ground_substance
(mathematics) a rectangular array of quantities or expressions set out by rows and columns; treated as a single element and manipulated according to rules
an enclosure within which something originates or develops (from the Latin for womb)
the formative tissue at the base of a nail
of or relating to or constituting the nucleus of an atom; "nuclear physics"; "nuclear fission"; "nuclear forces"
(weapons) deriving destructive energy from the release of atomic energy; "nuclear war"; "nuclear weapons"; "atomic bombs" (同)atomic
constituting or like a nucleus; "annexation of the suburban fringe by the nuclear metropolis"; "the nuclear core of the congregation"
of or relating to or constituting the nucleus of a cell; "nuclear membrane"; "nuclear division"

PrepTutorEJDIC

（複数形 matrices, ～・es）(発生・成長の)母体 / 鋳型・模型;(レコードの)原盤;(活字の)母型,字母 / (金属・化石・宝石などの含んだ)母岩・《古》子宮・基盤; (細胞)細胞間質; (地学)基質; (印)字母; 紙型; 鋳型; (鉱)母岩; (数)行列; (コンピュータ)マトリックス (入力導線と出力導線の回路網); (言)母型文（matrix sentence）
『核の』,細胞核の / [『原子』]『核の』
マトリクシング(4チャンネルに再生転換できる2チャンネルの録音方式)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/06/10 13:00:58」(JST)

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In biology, the nuclear matrix is the network of fibres found throughout the inside of a cell nucleus and is somewhat analogous to the cell cytoskeleton. However, in contrast to the cytoskeleton, the nuclear matrix has been proposed to be a highly dynamic structure, perhaps more like a dynamic sponge with open compartments for free diffusion of molecules in the nucleus. The exact function of this matrix is still disputed, and its very existence has recently been called into question.^[1] There is evidence that the nuclear matrix is involved in regulation of gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana.^[2]

Justification of the Nuclear Matrix Hypothesis

For a long time the question whether a polymer meshwork, a “nuclear matrix” or “nuclear-scaffold” is an essential component of the in vivo nuclear architecture has remained a matter of debate. While there are arguments that the relative position of chromosome territories (CTs), the equivalent of condensed metaphase chromosomes at interphase, may be maintained due to steric hindrance or electrostatic repulsion forces between the apparently highly structured CT surfaces, this concept has to be reconciled with observations according to which cells treated with the classical matrix-extraction procedures maintain defined territories up to the point where a minor subset of acidic nuclear matrix proteins is released – very likely those proteins that governed their association with the nuclear skeleton.

S/MARs (scaffold/matrix attachment elements), the DNA regions that are thought to attach genomic DNA to the nuclear skeleton, show an ever increasing spectrum of established biological activities. All these activities are in agreement with (or most easily explained by) the nuclear matrix hypothesis. This is one justification for maintaining this concept before equally plausible alternative models emerge.

S/MARs find increasing use for the rational design of vectors with widespread use in gene therapy and biotechnology. Nowadays S/MAR functions can be modulated, improved and custom-tailored to the specific needs of novel vector systems.

See also: minicircle

Nuclear Matrix and Cancer

The nuclear matrix composition on human cells has been proven to be cell type and tumor specific. It has been clearly demonstrated that the nuclear matrix composition in a tumor is different from its normal counterparts.^[3] This fact could be useful to characterize cancer markers and to predict the disease even earlier. These markers have been found in urine and blood and could potentially be used in early detection and prognosis of human cancers.

References

^ Pederson T (March 2000). "Half a century of "the nuclear matrix"". Mol. Biol. Cell 11 (3): 799–805. doi:10.1091/mbc.11.3.799. PMC 14811. PMID 10712500.
Evidence for such a structure was recognised as long ago as 1948 (Zbarskii and Debov), and consequently many proteins associated with the matrix have been discovered. The presence of intra-cellular proteins is largely indisputable, and it is well recognized that proteins such as the Scaffold, or Matrix Associated Proteins (SAR or MAR) have some role in the organisation of chromatins.
^ Tetko IV, Haberer G, Rudd S, Meyers B, Mewes HW, Mayer KF (March 2006). "Spatiotemporal expression control correlates with intragenic scaffold matrix attachment regions (S/MARs) in Arabidopsis thaliana". PLoS Comput. Biol. 2 (3): e21. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.0020021. PMC 1420657. PMID 16604187.
^ Rynearson AL, Sussman CR (Jun 2011). "Nuclear structure, organization, and oncogenesis". J Gastrointest Cancer 42 (2): 112–7. doi:10.1007/s12029-011-9253-5. PMID 21286858.

Nickerson J (February 2001). "Experimental observations of a nuclear matrix". J. Cell. Sci. 114 (Pt 3): 463–74. PMID 11171316.
Dynamic view of the nuclear matrix
Miller TE, Beausang LA, Winchell LF, Lidgard GP (January 1992). "Detection of nuclear matrix proteins in serum from cancer patients". Cancer Res. 52 (2): 422–7. PMID 1728414.
Girod P, Nguyen D, Calabrese D, et al. (2007). "Genome-wide prediction of matrix attachment regions that increase gene expression in mammalian cells". Nature Methods 4 (9): 747–53. doi:10.1038/nmeth1076. PMID 17676049.

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

The importance of humin in soil characterisation: A study on Amazonian soils using different fluorescence techniques.

Tadini AM1, Nicolodelli G2, Mounier S3, Montes CR4, Milori DM2.
The Science of the total environment.Sci Total Environ.2015 Dec 15;537:152-8. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.125. Epub 2015 Aug 14.
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PMID 26282749

Preparation and bioactive properties of chitosan and casein phosphopeptides composite coatings for orthopedic implants.

Qin L1, Dong H2, Mu Z2, Zhang Y3, Dong G4.
Carbohydrate polymers.Carbohydr Polym.2015 Nov 20;133:236-44. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.06.099. Epub 2015 Jul 9.
Using the layer-by-layer deposition method, functional chitosan/casein phospopeptides (CS/CPP) composite coatings were produced on Co-Cr-Mo alloy. The CS/CPP composite coatings had the dendritic topography, and were quite hydrophilic. Zeta potential measurements showed the composite coatings were ne
PMID 26344277

Effect of mineral viscosity-enhancing admixtures on the solidification of evaporator concentrates.

Lin CY1, Huang WT2.
Journal of hazardous materials.J Hazard Mater.2015 Nov 15;298:294-302. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.05.048. Epub 2015 May 30.
It is known that partial replacement of cement by viscosity-enhancing admixtures, also known as anti-washout admixtures, affects the quality of the waste form or concrete. To reduce the bleeding rate of the paste, the characteristics of various mineral viscosity-enhancing admixtures dispersed in sal
PMID 26087074

Japanese Journal

In Vitro Evaluation of Inhibitory Effect of Nuclear Factor-KappaB Activity by Small Interfering RNA on Pro-tumor Characteristics of M2-Like Macrophages

Kono Yusuke,Kawakami Shigeru,Higuchi Yuriko,Yamashita Fumiyoshi,Hashida Mitsuru
Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 37(1), 137-144, 2014-01-01
… Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) is one of the master regulators of macrophage polarization. … Furthermore, vascular endothelial growth factor production and matrix metalloproteinase-9 mRNA expression in M2-like macrophages were suppressed by inhibition of NF-κB expression with NF-κB (p50) siRNA. …
NAID 120005394590

Optimization of iterative reconstruction parameters with attenuation correction, scatter correction and resolution recovery in myocardial perfusion SPECT/CT

Okuda Koichi,Nakajima Kenichi,Yamada Masato,Wakabayashi Hiroshi,Ichikawa Hajime,Arai Hiroyuki,Matsuo Shinro,Taki Junichi,Hashimoto Mitsumasa,Kinuya Seigo
Annals of Nuclear
… SPECT data comprised a 64 × 64 matrix with an acquisition pixel size of 6.6 mm. … © 2013 The Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine. …
NAID 120005368235