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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/12/04 22:23:17」(JST)

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Nitro blue tetrazolium is a chemical compound composed of two tetrazole moieties. It is used in immunology for sensitive detection of alkaline phosphatase (with BCIP). NBT serves as the oxidant and BCIP is the AP-substrate (and gives also dark blue dye).

Clinical significance

In immunohistochemistry the alkaline phosphatase is often used as a marker, conjugated to an antibody. The colored product can either be of the NBT/BCIP reaction reveals where the antibody is bound, or can be used in immunofluorescence.^[1]

The NBT/BCIP reaction is also used for colorimetric/spectrophotometric activity assays of oxidoreductases. One application is in activity stains in gel electrophoresis, such as with the mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes.^[2]

Nitro blue tetrazolium is used in a diagnostic test,^[3] particularly for chronic granulomatous disease and other diseases of phagocyte function. A disease where there is a defect in NADPH oxidase, therefore the phagocyte is unable to make the reactive oxygen species or radicals required for bacterial killing and results in bacteria thriving within the phagocyte. The higher the blue score, the better the cell is at producing reactive oxygen species.^[4]

References

^ Trinh le A, McCutchen MD, Bonner-Fraser M, Fraser SE, Bumm LA, McCauley DW (June 2007). "Fluorescent in situ hybridization employing the conventional NBT/BCIP chromogenic stain". BioTechniques 42 (6): 756–9. doi:10.2144/000112476. PMID 17612300.
^ Nisimoto Y, Wilson E, Heyl BL, Lambeth JD (5 January 1986). "NADH dehydrogenase from bovine neutrophil membranes. Purification and properties". J. Biol. Chem. 261 (1): 285–90. PMID 3941077. http://www.jbc.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=3941077.
^ Freeman, R; King B (October 1972). "Technique for the performance of the nitro-blue tetrazolium (NBT) test". Journal of Clinical Pathology 25 (10): 912–914. doi:10.1136/jcp.25.10.912. PMC 477548. PMID 4119008. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC477548/.
^ Nathan DG, Baehner RL, Weaver DK (October 1969). "Failure of nitro blue tetrazolium reduction in the phagocytic vacuoles of leukocytes in chronic granulomatous disease". J. Clin. Invest. 48 (10): 1895–904. doi:10.1172/JCI106156. PMC 322426. PMID 5387730. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC322426/.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 慢性肉芽腫性疾患：病因、臨床症状、および診断 chronic granulomatous disease pathogenesis clinical manifestations and diagnosis
2. 感染症を繰り返す小児に対するアプローチ approach to the child with recurrent infections
3. 免疫系の臨床検査評価 laboratory evaluation of the immune system
4. 好中球減少症および好中球機能不全の検査での評価 laboratory evaluation of neutropenia and neutrophil dysfunction
5. 好中球二次顆粒欠損症 neutrophil specific granule deficiency

English Journal

Spectroscopic studies on the antioxidant activity of p-coumaric acid.

Kiliç I, Yeşiloğlu Y.SourceTrakya University, Faculty of Education, Edirne, Turkey. Electronic address: ismailk@trakya.edu.tr.
Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy.Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc.2013 Nov;115:719-24. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.06.110. Epub 2013 Jul 8.
p-coumaric acid (4-hydroxycinnamic acid), a phenolic acid, is a hydroxyl derivative of cinnamic acid. It decreases low density lipoprotein (LDL) peroxidation and reduces the risk of stomach cancer. In vitro radical scavenging and antioxidant capacity of p-coumaric acid were clarified using different
PMID 23892112

The antioxidant effect of the mesoionic compound SYD-1 in mitochondria.

Gozzi GJ, Pires Ado R, Martinez GR, Rocha ME, Noleto GR, Echevarria A, Canuto AV, Cadena SM.SourceDepartamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
Chemico-biological interactions.Chem Biol Interact.2013 Oct 5;205(3):181-7. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.07.004. Epub 2013 Jul 16.
The sydnone SYD-1 (3-[4-chloro-3-nitrophenyl]-1,2,3-oxadiazolium-5-olate] possesses important antitumor activity against Sarcoma 180 and Ehrlich tumors. We previously showed that SYD-1 depresses mitochondrial phosphorylation efficiency, which could be involved in its antitumoral activity. Considerin
PMID 23867904

Hydroxyl radical induced by lipid in Maillard reaction model system promotes diet-derived Nε-carboxymethyllysine formation.

Han L, Li L, Li B, Zhao D, Li Y, Xu Z, Liu G.SourceCollege of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, 381# Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association.Food Chem Toxicol.2013 Oct;60:536-41. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.07.081. Epub 2013 Aug 16.
Nε-carboxymethyllysine (CML) is commonly found in food, and is considered as a potential hazard to human health. However, the effect of lipids on CML formation in Maillard reaction is still not clarified. In this study, the content of diet-derived CML and its key intermediates, epsilon-fructoselysi
PMID 23959106

Japanese Journal

Scavenging Effects of Metal Complexes of Water-Soluble Thiacalix[4]arenetetrasulfonate on Superoxide Anion Radicals

Odo Junichi,Kimura Ayumi,Matsu-ura Atsushi [他],Ohnishi Yuki,Saeki Yoshiro,Yoshida Akiko,Hayashi Ken-ichiro,Inoguchi Masahiko,Ueki Takahiko
CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 58(12), 1576-1581, 2010
… The scavenging effects of metal complexes of thiacalix[4]arenetetrasulfonate (Me-TCAS[4], Me=H2, Fe3+, Mn3+, Mn2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+) on superoxide anion radicals (O2?) generated from the xanthine–xanthine oxidase system were investigated by the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) method and electron spin resonance (ESR) spin-trapping method using 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide as a trapping reagent. …
NAID 130000405682

Two New Stereoisomers of Neolignan and Lignan from the Flower Buds of Magnolia fargesii

LEE Jun,SEO Eun-Kyoung,JANG Dae Sik,HA Tae Joung,KIM Jong-Pyung,NAM Joo-Won,BAE Green,LEE Yun Mi,YANG Min Suk,KIM Jin Sook
Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin 57(3), 298-301, 2009-03-01
… Superoxide radical scavenging activities of the isolates (1-9) were measured by irradiated riboflavin/ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)/Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) system, and their in vitro rat lens aldose reductase (RLAR) inhibitory activities were also evaluated. …
NAID 110007122352

「NBT還元試験」

Nitro blue tetrazolium chloride
Identifiers
CAS number	298-83-9
PubChem	9281
ChemSpider	8924
ChEBI	CHEBI:9505
ChEMBL	CHEMBL403063
Jmol-3D images	Image 1
	SMILES [Cl-].[Cl-].[O-][N+](=O)c1ccc(cc1)n2nc(n[n+]2c3ccc(cc3OC)c7ccc([n+]5nc(nn5c4ccc([N+]([O-])=O)cc4)c6ccccc6)c(OC)c7)c8ccccc8 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C40H30N10O6.2ClH/c1-55-37-25-29(13-23-35(37)47-43-39(27-9-5-3-6-10-27)41-45(47)31-15-19-33(20-16-31)49(51)52)30-14-24-36(38(26-30)56-2)48-44-40(28-11-7-4-8-12-28)42-46(48)32-17-21-34(22-18-32)50(53)54;;/h3-26H,1-2H3;21H/q+2;;/p-2 ; Key: FSVCQIDHPKZJSO-UHFFFAOYSA-L InChI=1/C40H30N10O6.2ClH/c1-55-37-25-29(13-23-35(37)47-43-39(27-9-5-3-6-10-27)41-45(47)31-15-19-33(20-16-31)49(51)52)30-14-24-36(38(26-30)56-2)48-44-40(28-11-7-4-8-12-28)42-46(48)32-17-21-34(22-18-32)50(53)54;;/h3-26H,1-2H3;21H/q+2;;/p-2; Key: FSVCQIDHPKZJSO-NUQVWONBAE ;
Properties
Molecular formula	C40H30Cl2N10O6
Molar mass	817.64 g/mol
Appearance	yellow crystalline powder
Melting point	200 °C
Hazards
Main hazards	may be reactive based on presence of tetrazole group, nitro group and contiguous nitrogen atoms
Flash point	not available
LD50	2gm/kg
	(verify) (what is: /?); Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
	Infobox references

　　[★]

英: nitroblue tetrazolium dye test NBT test, nitroblue tetrazolium test NBT dye test
同: NBT色素還元能検査、ニトロブルー・テトラゾリウム試験、NBT還元能試験
関: 白血球、ニトロブルーテトラゾリウム nitroblue tetrazolium、NBT還元能

[show details]

ja

NBT色素還元能テスト : 3 件
NBT色素還元能検査 : 1 件
NBT色素還元能試験 : 10 件
NBT試験 : 59 件
NBT還元試験 : 63 件
NBT検査 : 7 件
NBT還元検査 : 2 件
NBTテスト : 28 件
NBT還元テスト : 8 件
nitroblue tetrazolium試験 : 6 件
nitroblue tetrazolium検査 : nothing
nitroblue tetrazoliumテスト : nothing
ニトロブルーテトラゾリウムテスト : 3 件
ニトロブルーテトラゾリウム検査 : nothing
ニトロブルーテトラゾリウム試験 : 15 件

en

nitroblue tetrazolium dye test : 約 27,600 件
nitroblue tetrazolium test : 約 6,190 件
NBT dye test : 約 1,110 件
NBT test : 約 7,510 件

ニトロブルーテトラゾリウム nutrobulue tetrazolium NBTは還元されると青色のホルマザンを産生する。
正常では、好中球にNBTを投与すると食胞内のスーパーオキシドラジカル O2-･により還元されて青色を呈する。
陰性であれば慢性肉芽腫症 CGDが疑われる。

[1] Trinh le A, McCutchen MD, Bonner-Fraser M, Fraser SE, Bumm LA, McCauley DW (June 2007). "Fluorescent in situ hybridization employing the conventional NBT/BCIP chromogenic stain". BioTechniques 42 (6): 756–9. doi:10.2144/000112476. PMID 17612300.

[2] Nisimoto Y, Wilson E, Heyl BL, Lambeth JD (5 January 1986). "NADH dehydrogenase from bovine neutrophil membranes. Purification and properties". J. Biol. Chem. 261 (1): 285–90. PMID 3941077. http://www.jbc.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=3941077.

[3] Freeman, R; King B (October 1972). "Technique for the performance of the nitro-blue tetrazolium (NBT) test". Journal of Clinical Pathology 25 (10): 912–914. doi:10.1136/jcp.25.10.912. PMC 477548. PMID 4119008. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC477548/.

[4] Nathan DG, Baehner RL, Weaver DK (October 1969). "Failure of nitro blue tetrazolium reduction in the phagocytic vacuoles of leukocytes in chronic granulomatous disease". J. Clin. Invest. 48 (10): 1895–904. doi:10.1172/JCI106156. PMC 322426. PMID 5387730. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC322426/.

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案内

nitroblue tetrazolium