WordNet

abnormal shift in location of the nasal septum; a common condition causing obstruction of the nasal passages and difficulty in breathing and recurrent nosebleeds
an elongated rectangular bone that forms the bridge of the nose (同)nasal_bone, os_nasale
a partition or wall especially in an ovary
(anatomy) a dividing partition between two tissues or cavities

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《名詞の前にのみ用いて》鼻の / 鼻声の / (音声が)鼻音の / (音声で)鼻音;鼻音字([m][n][g])
(動・植物体の)隔膜,隔壁

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/20 22:58:16」(JST)

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The nasal septum separates the left and right airways in the nose, dividing the two nostrils.

It is depressed by the depressor septi nasi muscle.

Structure

The fleshy external end of the nasal septum is sometimes also called columella. The nasal septum contains bone and hyaline cartilage.^[2]

The nasal septum is composed of five structures:

perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
vomer bone
cartilage of the septum
crest of the maxillary bone
crest of the palatine bone

Development

Vomer of infant.

At an early period the septum of the nose consists of a plate of cartilage, the ethmovomerine cartilage.

The postero-superior part of this cartilage is ossified to form the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid; its antero-inferior portion persists as the septal cartilage, while the vomer is ossified in the membrane covering its postero-inferior part.

Two ossification centers, one on either side of the middle line, appear about the eighth week of fetal life in this part of the membrane, and hence the vomer consists primarily of two lamellae.

About the third month these unite below, and thus a deep groove is formed in which the cartilage is lodged.

As growth proceeds, the union of the lamellæ extends upward and forward, and at the same time the intervening plate of cartilage undergoes absorption.

By the onset of puberty the lamellæ are almost completely united to form a median plate, but evidence of the bilaminar origin of the bone is seen in the everted alæ of its upper border and the groove on its anterior margin.

Clinical significance

The nasal septum can depart from the centre line of the nose in a condition that is known as a deviated septum caused by trauma. However, it is normal to have a slight deviation to one side. The septum generally stays in the midline until about the age of seven, at which point it will frequently deviate to the right.

A perforated nasal septum can be caused by an ulcer, trauma due to an inserted object, long-term exposure to welding fumes,^[3] or cocaine use. There is a procedure that can be of help to those suffering from perforated septum. A silicone button can be inserted in the hole to close the open sore. An operation to the nasal septum is known as a septoplasty.

The nasal septum can be affected by both benign (fibroma, inflammatory hemangioma of the nasal septum—"bleeding polyp" etc.) and malignant tumors (squamous cell carcinoma, esthesioneuroblastoma etc.)

Cosmetic procedures

The inferior part of the nasal septum can be pierced, usually through the soft tissue but the piercing can also transverse (partially) the cartilage of the septum.

Additional images

Horizontal section of nasal and orbital cavities.
Left orbicularis oculi, seen from behind.
Cartilages of the nose, seen from below.
Coronal section of nasal cavities.
Front of nasal part of pharynx, as seen with the laryngoscope.
MRI image showing nasal septum.
MRI image showing deviated septum

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

^ ^a ^b lesson9 at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University)
^ Saladin, Kenneth S. (2012). Anatomy and Physiology (6th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw Hill. p. 856. ISBN 9780073378251.
^ Lee, Choong Ryeol; Yoo, Cheol In; Lee, Ji Ho; Kang, Seong Kyu (2002). "Nasal Septum Perforation of Welders". Journal of Industrial Health 40 (3): 286–289. doi:10.2486/indhealth.40.286. |accessdate= requires |url= (help)

External links

Anatomy figure: 33:02-01 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Diagram of skeleton of medial (septal) nasal wall."
Diagram at evmsent.org
lesson9 at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (nasalseptumbonescarti)

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 鼻症状の原因：概要 etiologies of nasal symptoms an overview
2. 鼻の先天異常 congenital anomalies of the nose
3. 鼻閉塞の臨床症状、診断、および治療 clinical presentation diagnosis and treatment of nasal obstruction
4. 鼻前庭癌 cancer of the nasal vestibule
5. 鼻腔の腫瘍 tumors of the nasal cavity

English Journal

An acquired tufted angioma of the nasal cavity.

Kim YH, Lee GH, Lee SH, Cho JH.SourceDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
Auris, nasus, larynx.Auris Nasus Larynx.2013 Dec;40(6):581-3. doi: 10.1016/j.anl.2013.01.004. Epub 2013 Mar 18.
Tufted angiomas are benign vascular tumors that occur mainly in children younger than 5 years, involving the skin with subcutaneous plaques or in a nodular form. We experienced a rare tufted angioma in the nasal cavity. A 35-year-old woman visited our clinic because of frequent epistaxis. A mass was
PMID 23518006

Changes in nasal airflow and heat transfer correlate with symptom improvement after surgery for nasal obstruction.

Kimbell JS, Frank DO, Laud P, Garcia GJ, Rhee JS.SourceDepartment of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States. Electronic address: julia_kimbell@med.unc.edu.
Journal of biomechanics.J Biomech.2013 Oct 18;46(15):2634-2643. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2013.08.007. Epub 2013 Aug 26.
Surgeries to correct nasal airway obstruction (NAO) often have less than desirable outcomes, partly due to the absence of an objective tool to select the most appropriate surgical approach for each patient. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models can be used to investigate nasal airflow, but varia
PMID 24063885

Metastatic renal cell carcinoma of the posterior nasal septum as the first presentation 10 years after nephrectomy.

Hong SL, Jung DW, Roh HJ, Cho KS.SourceAssistant Professor, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.
Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.J Oral Maxillofac Surg.2013 Oct;71(10):1813.e1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2013.06.200.
Metastasis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) to the head and neck region is infrequent, and metastatic RCC in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is rare. Although there are reported cases of RCC to the paranasal sinuses, isolated metastasis of RCC to the nasal septum is extremely rare. This report d
PMID 24040953

Japanese Journal

鼻腔内に充満した両側鼻中隔ポリープ例

三澤建,武田英彦,熊川孝三
耳鼻咽喉科臨床 107(9), 689-696, 2014-09
NAID 40020196180

臨床巨大な鼻中隔多形腺腫例

秋山貢佐,後藤理恵子,唐木將行 [他]
耳鼻咽喉科臨床 107(7), 523-527, 2014-07
NAID 40020145102

機器鼻・副鼻腔手術における深部縫合結紮器の使用経験

河本光平,川村繁樹,朝子幹也 [他]
耳鼻咽喉科臨床 107(6), 493-498, 2014-06
NAID 40020113516

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「鼻中隔」
拡張検索	「submucous window resection of nasal septum」
関連記事	「nasal」「septum」

「鼻中隔」

Nasal septum
	Bones and cartilages of septum of nose. Right side.
Details
Latin	Septum nasi
Artery	Anterior ethmoidal; posterior ethmoidal; sphenopalatine; greater palatine; branch of superior labial
Nerve	Anterior ethmoidal; nasopalatine nerves
Identifiers
Gray's	p.993
MeSH	A02.165.407.600
Dorlands; /Elsevier	s_08/12730490
TA	A06.1.02.004
FMA	54375
	Anatomical terminology