WordNet

firm resoluteness in purpose or opinion or action; "a charming host without any touch of stiffness or pomposity"
the physical property of being inflexible and hard to bend
the property of moving with pain or difficulty; "he awoke with a painful stiffness in his neck"
the time period between dawn and noon; "I spent the morning running errands" (同)morn, morning time, forenoon

PrepTutorEJDIC

堅いこと;硬直;堅苦しいこと
〈C〉〈U〉『朝』,午前(午前0時または夜明けから正午まで) / 〈U〉《the~》(物事の)始まり,夜明け,黎明(れいめい)《+『of』+『名』》 / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》朝の
(いつも)朝に,朝はたいてい

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/05/03 01:04:11」(JST)

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Joint stiffness may be either the symptom of pain on moving a joint, the symptom of loss of range of motion or the physical sign of reduced range of motion. Doctors prefer the latter two uses but patients often use the first meaning.

Pain on movement is commonly caused by osteoarthritis, often in quite minor degrees, and other forms of arthritis. It may also be caused by injury or overuse and rarely by more complex causes of pain such as infection or neoplasm. The range of motion may be normal or limited by pain. "Morning stiffness" pain which eases up after the joint has been used, is characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis.^[1]
Loss of motion (symptom): the patient notices that the joint (or many joints) do not move as far as they used to or need to. Loss of motion is a feature of more advanced stages of arthritis including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis.
Loss of range of motion (sign): the examining medical professional notes that the range of motion of the joint is less than normal. Routine examination by an orthopaedic surgeon or rheumatologist will often pay particular attention to this. The range of motion may be measured and compared to the other side and to normal ranges. This sign is associated with the same causes as the symptom. In extreme cases when the joint does not move at all it is said to be ankylosed.

References

^ Yazici, Y.; Pincus, T.; Kautiainen, H.; Sokka, T. (2004). "Morning stiffness in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis is associated more strongly with functional disability than with joint swelling and erythrocyte sedimentation rate". The Journal of rheumatology 31 (9): 1723–1726. PMID 15338490. edit

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1. 関節リウマチの診断および鑑別診断 diagnosis and differential diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis
2. 成人における多関節痛の評価 evaluation of the adult with polyarticular pain
3. 関節リウマチの臨床症状 clinical manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis
4. 変形性関節症の臨床症状 clinical manifestations of osteoarthritis
5. リウマチ性多発筋痛の臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of polymyalgia rheumatica

English Journal

Mechanism of the 24-hour rhythm of tumor necrosis factor-alpha formed by onset of rheumatoid arthritis.

Yoshimatsu H1, Okazaki F, Ieiri I, To H.Author information 1Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Medico-Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University , Fukuoka , Japan and.AbstractObjective: Morning stiffness and plasma cytokine levels in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients exhibit 24-hour variations. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) plays a central role in RA clinical conditions, including the invasion of inflammatory cells, destruction of cartilage, systemic inflammatory response and its levels show a 24-hour rhythm after the onset of RA. In this study, we investigated what cytokines and/or transcriptional factors are involved in the formation of 24-hour variations in TNF-α levels after the onset of RA using MRL/Mpj-Tnfrsf6(lpr) (MRL/lpr) mice. Method: Blood was drawn at six different times from MRL/lpr mice to measure cytokines, serum amyloid A (SAA), IgG rheumatoid factor (IgG-RF) and corticosterone levels. Cytokine and transcriptional factor levels at the different times were measured in 10- and/or 15-week-old MRL/lpr mice. The promoter activity of TNF-α by lymphotoxins (LTs) was investigated using a dual-luciferase assay. Results: SAA and TNF-α concentrations clearly exhibited 24-hour rhythms with higher levels at the light phase and lower levels at the dark phase after RA crisis. The expression of LT-α and LT-β showed significant 24-hour rhythms in 15-week-old MRL/lpr mice and the phases of LT-α and LT-β levels were antiphase compared with that of TNF-α. AP-1 binding sites were found in LT-α and LT-β promoter regions, and jun mRNA expression corresponded to LT-α and LT-β levels. TNF-α promoter activity was decreased due to the co-transfection of LT-α and LT-β. Conclusion: LT-α and LT-β controls the 24-hour rhythm in TNF-α levels after the onset of RA in order to suppress TNF-α promoter activity.
Chronobiology international.Chronobiol Int.2014 May;31(4):564-71. doi: 10.3109/07420528.2013.878350. Epub 2014 Feb 11.
Objective: Morning stiffness and plasma cytokine levels in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients exhibit 24-hour variations. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) plays a central role in RA clinical conditions, including the invasion of inflammatory cells, destruction of cartilage, systemic inflammatory re
PMID 24517140

General Practitioners' Perceptions of Their Ability to Identify and Refer Patients with Suspected Axial Spondyloarthritis: A Qualitative Study.

van Onna M1, Gorter S, van Meerendonk A, van Tubergen A.Author information 1From the Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center; The School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands.AbstractOBJECTIVE: To explore the knowledge, beliefs, and experiences of general practitioners (GP) about inflammatory back pain (IBP) and axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and potential barriers for referral of patients suspected of having axSpA.
The Journal of rheumatology.J Rheumatol.2014 May;41(5):897-901. Epub 2014 Apr 1.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the knowledge, beliefs, and experiences of general practitioners (GP) about inflammatory back pain (IBP) and axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and potential barriers for referral of patients suspected of having axSpA.METHODS: A qualitative study involving semistructured interview
PMID 24692524