前兆を伴う片頭痛

関: basilar migraine、classic migraine、complicated migraine、familial hemiplegic migraine、migraine with prolonged aura

WordNet

a sensation (as of a cold breeze or bright light) that precedes the onset of certain disorders such as a migraine attack or epileptic seizure
an indication of radiant light drawn around the head of a saint (同)aureole, halo, nimbus, glory, gloriole
a message whose ingenuity or verbal skill or incongruity has the power to evoke laughter (同)humor, humour, witticism, wittiness
a severe recurring vascular headache; occurs more frequently in women than men (同)megrim, sick_headache, hemicrania

PrepTutorEJDIC

《随伴・協調》…『と』,と共に,といっしょに / 《所有・所持》…『を持っている』,がある,の付いた / 《道具・手段》…『で』,を使って / 《財料・供給物》…『で』,を与えて / …を支持して,に賛成して / …『に反対(敵対)して』,を相手として / …『と同時に』,と同様に / …『に比べて』,に比例して / 《様態》《名詞を伴い副詞句として》『…で』,を示して,をもって / 《付帯状競》…『して』,しながら / 《譲歩》…がありながら,にもかかわらず / 『…が原因で』,のために,…で / …に任せて,のもとにあずけて,のところに / …に関して,について / …から離れて / 《連結・混合》…と / 《副詞と共に命令文で》
(人・物がかもし出す)独持の雰囲気
知る(know)
〈U〉『機知』,機転,ウィット / 〈C〉『機知に富む人』,機転のきく人 / 《複数形で;単数扱い》『理解(表現)力』,知性 / 《複数形で》(物事を見抜いたりもくろんだりする)才覚,才知 / 《複数形で;単数扱い》正気
偏頭痛

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/02/08 16:08:21」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

An aura is a perceptual disturbance experienced by some with migraines or seizures before either the headache or seizure begins. It often manifests as the perception of a strange light, an unpleasant smell, or confusing thoughts or experiences. Some people experience aura without a subsequent migraine or seizure (see silent migraine). Auras vary by individual experience; some people experience smells, lights, or hallucinations. Less known symptoms of the eye include disturbances, where the eyes roll in the back of the head caused by photosensitivity. A sufferer of this type of aura may experience tearfulness of the eyes and uncontrollable sensations of light followed by reduced symptoms after approximately 20 minutes; it is the rarest type of aura.

When occurring, auras allow epileptic people time to prevent injury to themselves and/or others. The time between the appearance of the aura and the migraine lasts from a few seconds up to an hour. The aura can stay with a migraine sufferer for the duration of the migraine; depending on the type of aura, it can leave the person disoriented and confused. It is not uncommon for migraine sufferers to experience more than one type of aura during the migraine. Most people who have auras have the same type of aura every time.

Auras can also be confused with sudden onset of panic, panic attacks or anxiety attacks creating difficulties in diagnosis. The differential diagnosis of patients who experience symptoms of paresthesias, derealization, dizziness, chest pain, tremors, and palpitations can be quite challenging.^[1]

Seizures

An epileptic aura is the consequence of the activation of functional cortex by abnormal, unilateral, and brief neuronal discharge.^[2] In addition to being a warning sign to an upcoming seizure, the nature of an aura can give insight into the localization and lateralization of the seizure or migraine.

Not everyone experiences an aura with a seizure, but the most common auras include motor, somatosensory, visual, and auditory symptoms.^[3] The activation in the brain during an aura can spread through multiple regions continuously or discontinuously, on the same side or to both sides.^[4]

Auras are particularly common in focal seizures. If the motor cortex is involved in the over excitation of neurons, motor auras can result. Likewise, somatosensory auras (such as tingling, numbness, and pain) can result if in the somatosensory cortex. When the primary somatosensory cortex is activated, more discrete parts on the opposite side of the body and the secondary somatosensory areas result in symptoms ipsilateral to the seizure focus.

Visual auras can be simple or complex. Simple visual symptoms can include static, flashing, or moving lights/shapes/colors caused mostly by abnormal activity in the primary visual cortex. Complex visual auras can include people, scenes, and objects which results from stimulation of the temporo-occipital junction and is lateralized to one hemifield. Auditory auras can also be simple (ringing, buzzing) or complex (voices, music). Simple symptoms can occur from activation in the primary auditory cortex and complex symptoms from the temporo-occipital cortex at the location of the auditory association areas.^[5]

Examples

Artist's depiction of scintillating scotoma

Example of a scintillating scotoma aura with each dot or line flickering.

Example of Scintillating Scotoma showing an obscured/distorted area bordered with colors.

A "firefly" aura. This variant has been described in cases of persistent aura without cerebral infarction.^[6]

An aura sensation can include some or a combination of the following:

Visual changes

Bright lights and blobs
Zigzag lines
Distortions in the size or shape of objects
Vibrating visual field
Scintillating scotoma
- Shimmering, pulsating patches, often curved
- Tunnel vision
Scotoma
- Blind or dark spots in the field of vision
- Curtain-like effect over one eye
- Slowly spreading spots
Kaleidoscope effects on visual field
Temporary blindness in one or both eyes^[7]^[8]
Heightened sensitivity to light

Auditory changes

Hearing voices or sounds that do not exist: true auditory hallucinations
Modification of voices or sounds in the environment: buzzing, tremolo, amplitude modulation or other modulations
Heightened sensitivity to hearing

Other sensations

Strange smells (Phantosmia) or tastes (Gustatory hallucinations)
Heightened sensitivity to smell
Déjà vu or Jamais vu
Cephalic aura, a perception of movement of the head or inside the head
Abdominal aura such as an epigastric rising sensation
Nausea^[8]
A sudden feeling of anxiety, fear or foreboding
Numbness or tingling sensation (Paresthesia)^[8]
Weakness on one side of the body (Hemiparesis)^[8]
Feelings of being separated from or floating above one's body (Dissociation)
Sensation of limbs or teeth growing
Feeling of overheating and sudden perspiration
Inability to speak (Aphasia) or slurred speech
Confusion; forgetting how to do common tasks or comprehend spoken words

References

^ Sudden Onset Panic: Epileptic Aura or Panic Disorder? Robin A. Hurley, M.D., Ronald Fisher, M.D., Ph.D. and Katherine H. Taber, Ph.D.
^ Fernandez-Torre, JL. (2002). Epileptic auras: classification, pathophysiology, practical usefulness, differential diagnosis and controversials. Revista de Neurologia, 34(10): 977-983.
^ Sharma, S., Dixit, V. (2013). Epilepsy – A Comprehensive Review. International Journal of Pharmacological Research & Review, 2(12):61-80.
^ Tuxhorn, I. E. B. (2005). Somatosensory auras in focal epilepsy: A clinical, video EEG and MRI study. Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy, 14(4):262-268.
^ Foldvary-Schaefer, N. & Unnwonqse, K. (2011). Localizing and Lateralizing features of auras and seizures. Epilepsy behavior 20: 160-166
^ Page 258 in: Britt Talley Daniel (2010). Migraine. AuthorHouse. ISBN 978-1-4490-6962-9.
^ Robert, Teri. "Living Well With Migraine Disease and Headaches" New York HarperCollins 2004
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d http://www.ccjm.org/content/72/6/529.full.pdf+html

External links

Epilepsy.com information
MAGNUM, the National Migraine Association
Epilepsy Action information
Migraines with 'aura' raise women's stroke risk

UpToDate Contents

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1. 成人における片頭痛の病態生理、臨床症状、および診断 pathophysiology clinical manifestations and diagnosis of migraine in adults
2. 脳幹の前兆を伴う片頭痛（脳底型片頭痛） migraine with brainstem aura basilar type migraine
3. 小児における片頭痛の分類 classification of migraine in children
4. 頭痛、片頭痛、および脳卒中 headache migraine and stroke
5. 成人における片頭痛の予防的治療 preventive treatment of migraine in adults

English Journal

The effect of 1 mg folic acid supplementation on clinical outcomes in female migraine with aura patients.

Menon S1, Nasir B1, Avgan N1, Ghassabian S2, Oliver C3, Lea R1, Smith M2, Griffiths L4.
The journal of headache and pain.J Headache Pain.2016 Dec;17(1):60. doi: 10.1186/s10194-016-0652-7. Epub 2016 Jun 23.
BACKGROUND: Migraine is a common neurovascular condition that may be linked to hyperhomocysteinemia. We have previously provided evidence that reduction of homocysteine with a vitamin supplementation can reduce the occurrence of migraine in women. The current study examined the occurrence of migrain
PMID 27339806

Genetic insights into migraine and glutamate: a protagonist driving the headache.

Gasparini CF1, Smith RA2, Griffiths LR3.
Journal of the neurological sciences.J Neurol Sci.2016 Aug 15;367:258-68. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.06.016. Epub 2016 Jun 9.
Migraine is a complex polygenic disorder that continues to be a great source of morbidity in the developed world with a prevalence of 12% in the Caucasian population. Genetic and pharmacological studies have implicated the glutamate pathway in migraine pathophysiology. Glutamate profoundly impacts b
PMID 27423601

Stability of Pediatric Migraine Subtype After a 5-year Follow-Up.

Cuvellier JC1, Tourte M2, Lucas C2, Vallée L3.
Journal of child neurology.J Child Neurol.2016 Aug;31(9):1138-42. doi: 10.1177/0883073816643404. Epub 2016 Apr 12.
The study assessed the 5-year follow-up outcome and possible prognostic factors of migraine subtypes with onset in childhood or adolescence. A total of 343 patients meeting the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD)-II criteria for migraine without aura (MO), migraine with aura (M
PMID 27071466

Japanese Journal

片頭痛と脳梗塞

北川泰久
臨床神経学 54(12), 1000-1002, 2014
片頭痛と脳梗塞の関係について従来の報告をレビューし，自験例について検討した．従来，片頭痛性脳梗塞は前兆のある典型的片頭痛の経過中に発生する脳梗塞のみがその基準を満たすが頻度は低い．欧州でのMRI研究では前兆のある片頭痛でおこる脳梗塞は後方灌流領域に好発し，虚血性脳卒中のリスクは約2倍である．45歳未満の前兆のある片頭痛をもつ女性は，経口避妊薬を避けて禁煙することで，このリスクを避けうる．片頭痛は古 …
NAID 130004921206

片頭痛とてんかん

辻貞俊
臨床神経学 54(12), 1003-1005, 2014
片頭痛とてんかんは一過性発作性脳疾患であるため，関連が議論されている．国際頭痛分類第3版では，てんかん発作と関連する頭痛として，片頭痛てんかん，てんかん性片側頭痛，てんかん発作後頭痛があり，関連性は複雑でかつ双方向性であるとしている．ミグラレプシーの多くは後頭葉てんかんの症状といわれている．国際抗てんかん連盟のてんかん分類には頭痛関連てんかんはない．複雑部分発作後に拍動性頭痛発作を呈する症例は，臨 …
NAID 130004921205

首都圏に在住する片頭痛患者に対する東日本大震災の影響

石井正和,加藤大貴,山田智波,高木麻帆,市川瑞季,栗原竜也,河村満
ストレス科学研究 29(0), 43-51, 2014
… We encountered cases of headache exacerbation in migraine patients living in the Tokyo metropolitan area following the Great East Japan Earthquake in the present study. … We investigated the effects of the disaster situation on patients with migraine headaches following the Great East Japan Earthquake as well as their physical symptoms and psychological states using a questionnaire. …
NAID 130004707132

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「basilar migraine」「familial hemiplegic migraine」「前兆を伴う片頭痛」「complicated migraine」「migraine with prolonged aura」
関連記事	「aura」

「basilar migraine」

Aura
	Artist's depiction of zig-zag lines appearing as part of a migraine aura phenomenon
Classification and external resources
Specialty	Neurology
ICD-10	G43.1
ICD-9-CM	346.0
	[edit on Wikidata]