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epithelium originating in the embryonic mesoderm; lines the primordial body cavity

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/12/26 11:29:54」(JST)

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The mesothelium is a membrane composed of simple squamous cells that forms the lining of several body cavities: the pleura (thoracic cavity), peritoneum (abdominal cavity including the mesentery), mediastinum and pericardium (heart sac). Mesothelial tissue also surrounds the male internal reproductive organs (the tunica vaginalis testis) and covers the internal reproductive organs of women (the tunica serosa uteri). Mesothelium that covers the internal organs is called visceral mesothelium, while the layer that covers the body walls is called the parietal mesothelium. Mesothelium is the epithelial component of serosa.

It is a form of simple squamous epithelium.^[1]

Origin

Mesothelium derives from the embryonic mesodermcell layer, that lines the coelom (body cavity) in the embryo. It develops into the layer of cells that covers and protects most of the internal organs of the body.

Structure

The mesothelium forms a monolayer of flattened squamous-like epithelial cells resting on a thin basement membrane supported by dense irregular connective tissue. Cuboidal mesothelial cells may be found at areas of injury, the milky spots of the omentum, and the peritoneal side of the diaphragm overlaying the lymphatic lacunae. The luminal surface is covered with microvilli. The proteins and serosal fluid trapped by the microvilli provide a slippery surface for internal organs to slide past one another.

Function

The mesothelium is composed of an extensive monolayer of specialized cells (mesothelial cells) that line the body's serous cavities and internal organs. The main purpose of these cells is to produce a lubricating fluid that is released between layers,^[2] providing a slippery, non-adhesive, and protective surface to facilitate intracoelomic movement.

The mesothelium is also implicated in the transport and movement of fluid and particulate matter across the serosal cavities, leukocyte migration in response to inflammatory mediators, synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and extracellular matrix proteins to aid in serosal repair, and the release of factors to promote the disposition and clearance of fibrin (such as plasminogen). Mesothelial cells are capable of phagocytosis and are antigen presenting cells. Furthermore, the secretion of glycosaminoglycans and lubricants may protect the body against infection and tumor dissemination.

Role in disease

Mesothelioma: (cancer of the mesothelium) is a disease in which cells of the mesothelium become abnormal and divide without control or order. They can invade and damage nearby tissues and organs. Cancer cells can also metastasize (spread) from their original site to other parts of the body. Most cases of mesothelioma begin in the pleura or peritoneum. More than 90% of mesothelioma cases are linked to asbestos exposure.
Mesothelial hyperplasia
Intra-abdominal adhesions: Normally, the mesothelium secretes plasminogen, which removes fibrin deposits. During surgical procedures, the mesothelium may be damaged. Its fibrinolytic capacity becomes insufficient and fibrin accumulates, causing fibrous adhesions between opposing surfaces. These adhesions cause intestinal obstruction and female infertility if it occurs in the abdomen, and may impair cardiac and lung function in the thorax.
Ultrafiltration failure: The peritoneal mesothelium is implicated in the long-term development of ultrafiltration failure in peritoneal dialysis patients. The presence of supra-physiological glucose concentrations, acidity, and glucose degradation products in peritoneal dialysis fluids contribute to the fibrosis of the peritoneal mesothelium, either by epithelial-mesenchymal transition or increased proliferation of existing fibroblasts. A fibrosed peritoneum results in the increased passage of solutes across the peritoneum and ultrafiltration failure.

References

^ Victor P. Eroschenko (2008). Di Fiore's atlas of histology with functional correlations. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 31–. ISBN 978-0-7817-7057-6. Retrieved 28 May 2011.
^ Leopold G. Koss; Myron R. Melamed (2006). Koss' diagnostic cytology and its histopathologic bases. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 124–. ISBN 978-0-7817-1928-5. Retrieved 28 May 2011.

External links

Mesothelioma: Questions and Answers (National Cancer Institute).
Histology at KUMC epithel-epith01 "Mesothelium"
Histology image: 00102loa – Histology Learning System at Boston University - "Tissues, Layers, and Organs: transverse section of rat gut"

UpToDate Contents

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1. 悪性腹膜中皮腫：疫学、危険因子、臨床所見、診断、および病期分類 malignant peritoneal mesothelioma epidemiology risk factors clinical presentation diagnosis and staging
2. 悪性胸膜中皮腫の病理 pathology of malignant pleural mesothelioma
3. 悪性腹膜中皮腫：治療 malignant peritoneal mesothelioma treatment
4. 新生児における胸水の病因、臨床症状、診断および評価 etiology clinical manifestations diagnosis and evaluation of pleural effusions in the neonate
5. 小児における鼠径部腫脹の評価 evaluation of inguinal swelling in children

English Journal

Resident progenitors, not exogenous migratory cells, generate the majority of visceral mesothelium in organogenesis.

Winters NI1, Williams AM1, Bader DM2.
Developmental biology.Dev Biol.2014 Jul 15;391(2):125-32. doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.04.003. Epub 2014 Apr 16.
Historically, analyses of mesothelial differentiation have focused on the heart where a highly migratory population of progenitors originating from a localized "extrinsic" source moves to and over the developing organ. This model long stood alone as the paradigm for generation of this cell type. Her
PMID 24746591

Small interfering RNA targeting ILK inhibits EMT in human peritoneal mesothelial cells through phosphorylation of GSK‑3β.

Luo L1, Liu H1, Dong Z2, Sun L1, Peng Y1, Liu F1.
Molecular medicine reports.Mol Med Rep.2014 Jul;10(1):137-44. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2162. Epub 2014 Apr 17.
Emerging evidence has suggested that human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) undergo epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) in peritoneal fibrosis. The molecular mechanisms underlying peritoneal fibrosis and the key molecules involved are not yet fully elucidated. In order to enhance the under
PMID 24756461

MiR-30b is involved in methylglyoxal-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition of peritoneal mesothelial cells in rats.

Liu H1, Zhang N, Tian D.
Cellular & molecular biology letters.Cell Mol Biol Lett.2014 Jun 5. [Epub ahead of print]
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMC) is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of peritoneal fibrosis. EMT is at least in part caused by repeated exposure to glucose degradation products (GDPs), such as methylglyoxal (MGO). MiRNA contributes greatly to the E
PMID 24898602

Japanese Journal

Rat model demonstrates a high risk of tremolite but a low risk of anthophyllite for mesothelial carcinogenesis

TOYOKUNI SHINYA,KOHYAMA NORIHIKO,MISAWA NOBUAKI,NAGAI HIROTAKA,WANG YUE,SAKAI AKIHIRO,CHEW SHAN HWU,OKAZAKI YASUMASA,AIERKEN DILINUER
Nagoya Journal of Medical Science 76(1-2), 149-160, 2014
NAID 120005385259

石綿関連悪性胸膜疾患 (特集胸膜・胸壁疾患の診断と治療の進歩)

中野孝司,栗林康造
呼吸器内科 24(5), 421-430, 2013-11
NAID 40019892029

3) 卵巣癌腹膜播種の分子機構に関する複合的機能解析と新規治療戦略(シンポジウム1:腫瘍「婦人科癌の浸潤・転移機構の解明と臨床応用」,第65回日本産科婦人科学会・学術講演会講演要旨)

柴田清住
日本産科婦人科學會雜誌 65(10), 2414-2425, 2013-10-01
… Using co-culture of NOY1 and peritoneal mesothelial cells, we compared the expression of CD133, colony formation and the ability of migration and invasion. … Furthermore, we demonstrated that the suppression of TWIST expression in EOC cells (HEY) alters the cellular morphology from a fibroblastic and motile phenotype to an epithelial phenotype, and inhibits the adhesion of these cells to mesothelial monolayers. …
NAID 110009674403

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Mesothelium
	Micrograph of benign mesothelial cells. Peritoneal wash. Pap stain.
	A layer of mesothelial cells grown in cell culture, featuring the typical "cobblestone" appearance
Details
Latin	Mesothelium
Identifiers
MeSH	Mesothelium
TH	H2.00.02.0.02017, H3.04.08.0.00003
FMA	14074
	Anatomical terminology