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street name for lysergic acid diethylamide (同)back breaker, battery-acid, dose, dot, Elvis, loony toons, Lucy in the sky with diamonds, pane, superman, window pane, Zen
any of various water-soluble compounds having a sour taste and capable of turning litmus red and reacting with a base to form a salt
having the characteristics of an acid; "an acid reaction"

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酸性の / 酸味のある,すっぱい(sour) / (言葉・態度などが)厳しい,しんらつな / 酸 / すっぱいもの / 《俗》=LSD

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/11/02 02:42:18」(JST)

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Mefenamic acid is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to treat pain, including menstrual pain. It is typically prescribed for oral administration. Mefenamic acid is marketed in the USA as Ponstel and is commonly known in UK as Ponstan.

Mefenamic acid decreases inflammation (swelling) and uterine contractions by a still unknown mechanism. However it is thought to be related to the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. There is also evidence that supports the use of mefenamic acid for perimenstrual migraine headache prophylaxis, with treatment starting 2 days prior to the onset of flow or 1 day prior to the expected onset of the headache and continuing for the duration of menstruation.^[1]

Since hepatic metabolism plays a significant role in mefenamic acid elimination, patients with known liver deficiency may be prescribed lower doses. Kidney deficiency may also cause accumulation of the drug and its metabolites in the excretory system. Therefore patients suffering from renal conditions should not be prescribed mefenamic acid.

Side effects

Known mild side effects of mefenamic acid include headaches, nervousness and vomiting. Serious side effects may include diarrhea, hematemesis (vomiting blood), haematuria (blood in urine), blurred vision, skin rash, itching and swelling, sore throat and fever. It is advised to consult a doctor immediately if these symptoms appear while taking this medication.

Mefenamic acid is recommended to be taken with food.^[2]

Overdose

Overdose can lead to a range of symptoms including convulsions, nausea, vomiting, vomiting blood, shallow breathing, coma. Onset of symptoms is usually between 30 minutes and 4 hours, but signs of renal failure may appear several days after an overdose. Seek medical attention immediately in the case of overdose. The lethal dose can be as low as 2.5g.

Synthesis

Analogous to fenamic acid, this compound may be synthesized from 2-chlorobenzoic acid and 2,3-dimethylaniline.^[3]

Brand names

Mefalth, Mefalth T, Mefivan, Ponstel, Ponstan, Ponstal, Parkemed, Revalan, Mafepain, Mefamed, Mephadolor, Meftal, Dyfenamic, Potalon, Dolfenal, Meyerdonal, Alfoxan, Fenagesic, Fenamin, Spiralgin, Almus, Mefacit.

References

^ Pringsheim, T.; Davenport, W. J.; Dodick, D. (2008). "Acute Treatment and Prevention of Menstrually Related Migraine Headache: Evidence-Based Review". Neurology 70 (17): 1555–1563. PMID 18427072.
^ "Side effects for Mefenamic Acid". Medline Plus. National Institutes of Health. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a681028.html#side-effects.
^ Trinus, F. P.; Mokhort, N. A.; Yagupol'skii, L. M.; Fadeicheva, A. G.; Danilenko, V. S.; Ryabukha, T. K.; Fialkov, Yu. A.; Kirichek, L. M. et al. (1977). "Mefenamic acid — A Nonsteroid Antiinflammatory Agent". Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal 11 (12): 1706–1711. doi:10.1007/BF00778304.

Sources

MedlinePlus Drug Information: Mefenamic Acid. Last accessed September 28, 2005.
Ponstel Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics, Studies, Metabolism - Mefenamic Acid - RxList Monographs. Last accessed September 28, 2005.
Consumption of NSAIDs and the Development of Congestive Heart Failure in Elderly Patients
NSAIDs May Increase Risk for Worsening Heart Failure

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 避妊している女性におけるホルモン剤内服中の出血のマネージメント management of unscheduled bleeding in women using contraception
2. 偽ポルフィリン症 pseudoporphyria
3. 固定薬疹 fixed drug eruption
4. 成人女性における原発性月経困難症の治療 treatment of primary dysmenorrhea in adult women
5. 非選択性非ステロイド性抗炎症剤（NSAIDs）：心血管系への有害作用 nonselective nsaids adverse cardiovascular effects

English Journal

Development and validation of a confirmatory method for the determination of 12 non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in milk using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Dubreil-Cheneau E, Pirotais Y, Bessiral M, Roudaut B, Verdon E.SourceVeterinary Drug Residues Unit, Laboratory of Fougeres, ANSES (National Agency for Food, Environment and Occupational Health Safety), BP 90203, La Haute Marche, 35133 Javene, France.
Journal of chromatography. A.J Chromatogr A.2011 Sep 16;1218(37):6292-301. Epub 2011 Jun 12.
A rapid and reliable LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous confirmation of twelve non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in bovine milk was developed and fully validated in accordance with the European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. The validation scheme was built in accordance with the MRL
PMID 21840010

Japanese Journal

Depigmenting mechanism of NSAIDs on B16F1 melanoma cells

Sato Kazuomi,Takahashi Hideki,Toriyama Masaru
Archives of dermatological research 303(3), 171-180, 2011-04
… Mefenamic acid, diclofenac, and nimesulide were used in this study, and these drugs inhibit melanin synthesis in B16F1 melanoma cells. … Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that the depigmentation effect of mefenamic acid and nimesulide might be due to the inhibition of tyrosinase gene transcription. …
NAID 120003273776

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「メフェナム酸」

Mefenamic acid
Systematic (IUPAC) name
	2-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)aminobenzoic acid
Clinical data
Trade names	Ponstel, Ponstan
AHFS/Drugs.com	monograph
MedlinePlus	a681028
Pregnancy cat.	C (Australia, United States)
Legal status	℞-only (U.S.), POM in UK
Routes	Oral
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	90%
Protein binding	90%
Metabolism	Hepatic (CYP2C9)
Half-life	2 hours
Excretion	Renal and fecal
Identifiers
CAS number	61-68-7
ATC code	M01AG01
PubChem	CID 4044
IUPHAR ligand	2593
DrugBank	DB00784
ChemSpider	3904
UNII	367589PJ2C
KEGG	D00151
ChEMBL	CHEMBL686
Chemical data
Formula	C15H15NO2
Mol. mass	241.285 g/mol
	SMILES O=C(O)c2c(Nc1cccc(c1C)C)cccc2;
	InChI InChI=1S/C15H15NO2/c1-10-6-5-9-13(11(10)2)16-14-8-4-3-7-12(14)15(17)18/h3-9,16H,1-2H3,(H,17,18) ; Key:HYYBABOKPJLUIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
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　　[★]

英: mefenamic acid
ラ: acidum mefenamicum
商: ポンタール、ノイリトール、バファメリチン、マイカサール
関: 非ステロイド性抗炎症薬

[0] Pringsheim, T.; Davenport, W. J.; Dodick, D. (2008). "Acute Treatment and Prevention of Menstrually Related Migraine Headache: Evidence-Based Review". Neurology 70 (17): 1555–1563. PMID 18427072.

[1] "Side effects for Mefenamic Acid". Medline Plus. National Institutes of Health. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a681028.html#side-effects.

[2] Trinus, F. P.; Mokhort, N. A.; Yagupol'skii, L. M.; Fadeicheva, A. G.; Danilenko, V. S.; Ryabukha, T. K.; Fialkov, Yu. A.; Kirichek, L. M. et al. (1977). "Mefenamic acid — A Nonsteroid Antiinflammatory Agent". Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal 11 (12): 1706–1711. doi:10.1007/BF00778304.

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mefenamic acid