PrepTutorEJDIC

三日月形の

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/05/14 11:50:02」(JST)

wiki en

Lunate is a term meaning crescent or moon-shaped. In the specialized terminology of lithic reduction, a lunate flake is a small, crescent-shaped flake removed from a stone tool during the process of pressure flaking.

In the Natufian period, a lunate was a small crescent-shaped stone tool that was sometimes used to harvest grasses.

In archaeology a lunate is a small stone artifact, that has a blunt straight edge and a sharpened crescent shaped back. The word originates from the Latin word lunatus which means to bend like a crescent, and from luna meaning moon in Latin. ^[1]

A lunate object can be typically used as a decorative piece or as a stone tool.

New Zealand Lunate

The original lunate pendent found in New Zealand appears to be of clear transparent greenstone, from Ruapuke Island, in Foveaux Strait. Its characteristics include a notched edge and the stone itself is thought to originate from Tangiwai, New Zealand. There was a second rare Lunate-shaped object discovered in the New Zealand ethnological region as well. ^[2]

A handful of ancient societies shaped their tools in the form of lunate such as the Puebloan peoples who originated around San Juan County, Utah. New Zealand is also known by archaeologists to have a unique array of material culture. There have also been findings of lunate dating back to the 3rd/4th millennium B.C. ^[3]

Israeli Lunate

In the earlier findings of Epipaleolithic lunate in the Natufian, Harifian, and Negev Kebaran periods in Israel they were roughly 10–40 mm long and were formed on small blades or bladelets. While the later findings Natufian and Harifian range of lengths varied then from 9–17 mm. In the later period the lunate resulted in 3 specific types.

Helwan Backing (Bifacial)
Plain Abrupt Backing
Bipolar Backing (anvil)

The difference in the three types was also associated with the length of the lunate objects, with Helwan lunate normally being the longest and bipolar being the shortest. For unknown reasons the epipaleolithic lunate tool type disappeared and did not reappear until around the end of the 4th millennium B.C. These Lunate tools were most likely used as barbs in arrow shafts, or as transverse arrowheads coated with poison. The Lunate are also a very rare artifact from the Early Bronze Age due to the fact that there was not as much emphasis on hunting during that period. The reappearance of Lunate after several millennia could shed some light on the hunting emphasis in the society. Lunate have been found as far north as the Azor tombs in Israel and was far south as south Sinai in this particular region.^[4]

References

^ "lunate - definition of lunate by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia". Thefreedictionary.com. Retrieved 2013-10-25.
^ Adkin, G. Leslie (1957). "A rare lunate pendant from New Zealand". The Journal of the Polynesian Society 66 (2): 192–198.
^ Wheeler, Richard Page (1965). "Edge-Abraded Flakes, Blades, and Cores in the Puebloan Tool Assemblage". Memoirs of the Society for American Archaeology No. 19: 19–29.
^ Rosen, Steve A. (1983). "The Microlithic Lunate : An Old-New Tool Type from the Negev, Israel". Paléorient 9 (2): 81–83. doi:10.3406/paleo.1983.4345. Retrieved 2013-11-12.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 月状骨骨折 lunate fractures
2. 指、手、および手首の骨折の概要 overview of finger hand and wrist fractures
3. 亜急性または慢性の手首の疼痛を有する成人の評価 evaluation of the adult with subacute or chronic wrist pain
4. 急性の手首の疼痛を有する成人患者の評価 evaluation of the adult with acute wrist pain
5. 手首の解剖学および基本的な生体力学 anatomy and basic biomechanics of the wrist

English Journal

Reduction and association of the scaphoid and lunate procedure: short-term outcomes.

Cooney WP1.
The Journal of hand surgery.J Hand Surg Am.2015 Mar;40(3):633-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2014.12.032.
PMID 25708442

The Effect of Lunate Morphology in Kienböck Disease.

Rhee PC1, Jones DB1, Moran SL1, Shin AY2.
The Journal of hand surgery.J Hand Surg Am.2015 Feb 18. pii: S0363-5023(14)01753-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2014.12.024. [Epub ahead of print]
PURPOSE: To determine if the absence (type I lunate) or presence (type II lunate) of a medial hamate facet on the lunate affects the radiographic characteristics of patients presenting with Kienböck disease.METHODS: A retrospective review was performed on all patients evaluated at our institution f
PMID 25701489

Scaphocapitate Arthrodesis for Kienböck Disease.

Rhee PC1, Lin IC1, Moran SL1, Bishop AT1, Shin AY2.
The Journal of hand surgery.J Hand Surg Am.2015 Feb 18. pii: S0363-5023(14)01718-3. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2014.12.013. [Epub ahead of print]
PURPOSE: To assess the effect of scaphocapitate arthrodesis (SCA) on grip strength and wrist motion for patients with advanced stages of Kienböck disease.METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted of patients with advanced stages of Kienböck disease (stages III-IV) who underwent SCA at our inst
PMID 25701486

Japanese Journal

手根骨動態解析による関節拘縮改善リハビリテーション効果の検証

立矢宏,田中啓道,池上弘樹,土田博貴,真田茂,西村誠次,多田薫,川嶋広貴,堀江翔
日本機械学会論文集 81(824), 14-00543, 2015-04
… As a result, it is found that the displacement range of radius - lunate joint (R-L joint) is extended by the traction. …
NAID 120005642132

手根骨動態解析による関節拘縮改善リハビリテーション効果の検証

立矢宏,田中啓道,池上弘樹,土田博貴,真田茂,西村誠次,多田薫,川嶋広貴,堀江翔
日本機械学会論文集 81(824), 14-00543-14-00543, 2015
… As a result, it is found that the displacement range of radius - lunate joint (R-L joint) is extended by the traction. …
NAID 130005066576

健常者における正中神経を用いた超音波画像と神経伝導検査の比較検討

大栗聖由,佐藤明美,今井智登世,原文子,本倉徹
医学検査 64(1), 85-90, 2015
昨今超音波診断装置の発達により，比較的容易に末梢神経を描出することが可能である。しかし，加齢が末梢神経の形態に及ぼす影響を超音波検査で解析した報告は認められない。そこで今回正中神経に与える加齢の影響を超音波検査で評価できるか検討したので報告する。対象は健康なボラティア34名（平均値±SD　38.3歳±14.4，22～78歳）の右手34手で施行した。超音波検査を施行する際，12 MHz高周波リニアプ …
NAID 130005057093