WordNet

the care (feeding and stabling) of horses for pay
uniform worn by some menservants and chauffeurs
pursue a positive and satisfying existence; "You must accept yourself and others if you really want to live"
actually being performed at the time of hearing or viewing; "a live television program"; "brought to you live from Lincoln Center"; "live entertainment involves performers actually in the physical presence of a live audience" (同)unrecorded
abounding with life and energy; "the club members are a really live bunch"
charged with an explosive; "live ammunition"; "a live bomb"
exerting force or containing energy; "live coals"; "tossed a live cigarette out the window"; "got a shock from a live wire"; "live ore is unmined ore"; "a live bomb"; "a live ball is one in play"
highly reverberant; "a live concert hall"
in current use or ready for use; "live copy is ready to be set in type or already set but not yet proofread"
lead a certain kind of life; live in a certain style; "we had to live frugally after the war"
not recorded; "the opera was broadcast live"
of current relevance; "a live issue"; "still a live option"
a person who has a special life style; "a high liver"
large and complicated reddish-brown glandular organ located in the upper right portion of the abdominal cavity; secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat; synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood; sy
liver of an animal used as meat
someone who lives in a place; "a liver in cities"

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉〈C〉(従業員・召使・組合員などの)そろいの服,制服 / 〈U〉《詩》装い / 〈U〉(馬に与えられる)飼葉(かいば)の定量 / 《米》=livery stable
=liverish
(病院の)分娩室 / (図書館などの)受渡し室
『生きている』,生命がある / 《副詞[句]を伴って》〈人などが〉『生き続ける』 / 〈物事が〉長く続く,存続する / 《場所を表す副詞[句]を伴って》〈人などが〉『住む』,居住する / 《副詞[句]を伴って》『生活する』,暮らす / 生人を楽しむ,おもしろく桟らす / 《a+形容詞癌lifeを目的語にして》〈…を生活〉‘を'する / 〈思想など〉‘を'実銭する
《名詞の前にのみ用いて》『生きている』 / 『活気のある』 / (問題などが)当面の / 燃えている / (弾丸などが)まだ爆発してない,未発の / まだ動いている(働いている),有効な / 電流が通じている / (放走が)生の,実況の
(ある態度で)生活する人;居住者
〈C〉『肝臓』 / 〈U〉(食用にする)動物の肝臓,レバー

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/07/30 23:40:37」(JST)

wiki en

Heralds, wearing tabards, in procession to St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle for the annual service of the Order of the Garter in 2006.

A livery /ˈlɪvəri/ is a uniform, insignia or symbol adorning, in a non-military context, a person, an object or a vehicle that denotes a relationship between the wearer of the livery and an individual or corporate body. Often, elements of the heraldry relating to the individual or corporate body feature in the livery. Alternatively, some kind of a personal emblem or badge, or a distinctive colour, is featured.

The word itself derives from the French livrée, meaning dispensed, handed over. Most often it would indicate that the wearer of the livery was a servant, dependent, follower or friend of the owner of the livery, or, in the case of objects, that the object belonged to them.

The phrase 'to sue one's livery' refers to the formal recognition of a noble's majority, in exchange of payment, for conferring the powers attached to his title, and thereby freeing him from dependence as a ward.^[1]

Etymology

In the 14th century, "livery" referred to an allowance of any kind, but especially clothes provided to servants and members of the household. Such things might be kept in a "livery cupboard."

During the 14th century specific colours, often with a device or badge sewn on, denoting a great person began to be used for both his soldiers and his civilian followers (often the two overlapped considerably), and the modern sense of the term began to form. Usually two different colours were used together, but the ways in which they were combined varied with rank. Often the colours used were different each year - a strange echo of modern football (soccer) teams. As well as embroidered badges, metal ones were sewn onto clothing, or hung on neck-chains or (much the most prestigious) livery collars. From the 16th century, only the lower status followers tended to receive clothes in livery colours (whilst the higher status ones received cash) and the term "servant", previously much wider, also began to be restricted to describing the same people. Municipalities and corporations copied the behaviour of the great households.^[2]

The term is also used to describe badges, buttons^[3]^[4] and grander pieces of jewellery containing the heraldic signs of an individual, which were given by that person to friends, followers and distinguished visitors, as well as (in more modest forms) servants. The grandest of these is the livery collar. William, Lord Hastings the favourite of King Edward IV of England had a "Coller of gold of K. Edward's lyverys" valued at the enormous sum of £40 in an inventory of 1489. This would have been similar to the collars worn by Hastings' sister and her husband Sir John Donne in the Donne Triptych by Hans Memling (described in Sir John Donne).^[5] Lords gave their servants lead or pewter badges to sew onto their clothes.^[6] In the 15th century European royalty sometimes distributed uniform suits of clothes to courtiers, as the House of Fugger, the leading bankers, did to all employees.^[7]

The sense later contracted to servants' rations and distinctive standardized outfits, often in a colour-scheme distinctive to the family, like the coats worn by footmen in grand houses until World War I, and sometimes later.

Modern usage

New York City taxi cabs in mandated yellow livery.

Transilien rolling stock livery in Paris, design by the French agency RCP Design Global

From this core meaning, multiple extended or specialist meanings have derived. Examples include:

A livery company is the name used for a guild in the City of London; members of the company were allowed to dress their servants in the distinctive uniform of their trade, and the company's charters enabled them to prevent others from embarking upon the trades within the company's jurisdiction.
Following on from the decoration of horse-drawn carriages, a livery is the common design and paint scheme a company will use on its vehicles, often using specific colors and logo placement. In this sense, the term is applied to railway locomotives and rolling stock, ships, aircraft, and road vehicles. For example, United Parcel Service has trucks with a well-known brown livery. Another example is the British Airways ethnic liveries. The term has become extended to the logos, colors and other distinctive styles of companies in general. See also trade dress.
A livery is the specific paint scheme and sticker design used in motorsport, on vehicles, in order to attract sponsorship and to advertise sponsors. See e.g. Formula One sponsorship liveries.
Aircraft livery is also the term describing the paint scheme of an aircraft. Most airlines have a standard paint scheme for their aircraft fleet, usually prominently displaying the airline logo or name. From time to time special liveries are introduced, for example prior to big events.
A "livery vehicle" remains a legal term of art in the U.S. for a vehicle for hire, such as a taxicab or chauffered limousine, but excluding a rented vehicle driven by the renter. In some jurisdictions a "livery vehicle" covers vehicles that carry up to seven passengers, but not more, thus including a jitney but excluding an omnibus or motorcoach. This usage stems from the hackney cabs or coaches that could be provided by a livery stable. By extension, Canada has many businesses offering canoe livery.
A livery stable (found from 1705) looks after the care, feeding, stabling, etc., of horses for pay.^[8]

The term is now rarely if ever applied in a military context, so it would be unusual for "livery" to refer to a military uniform or the painting of a military vehicle. Early uniforms were however regarded as a form of livery ("the King's coat") in the late 17th and early 18th centuries.

References

Look up livery in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Livery (clothing)

^ Alan H. Nelson, Monstrous adversary: the life of Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford,' Liverpool University Press, 2003 p.71
^ Françoise Piponnier and Perrine Mane; Dress in the Middle Ages; pp 133-5, Yale UP, 1997; ISBN 0-300-06906-5
^ Tin-glazed earthenware livery-button, ca 1651, Victoria & Albert museum jewellery collection
^ Close, Lesley (2009). "Button gallery: livery". Hammond Turner & Sons Birmingham button makers. Hammond Turner & Sons. http://hammond-turner.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=29&Itemid=4. Retrieved 18 March 2010.
^ National Gallery Catalogues: The Fifteenth Century Netherlandish Paintings by Lorne Campbell, 1998, ISBN 1-85709-171-X - Hastings' collar p389 n88
^ Jonathan Alexander & Paul Binski (eds), Age of Chivalry, Art in Plantagenet England, 1200-1400, Royal Academy/Weidenfeld & Nicholson, London 1987, Cat 448; see also Steane, John, The Archaeology of the Medieval English Monarchy, Routledge, 1999, ISBN 0-415-19788-0, ISBN 978-0-415-19788-5
^ Georges Duby ed., A History of Private Life, Vol 2 Revelations of the Medieval World, 1988 (English translation), p.578, Belknap Press, Harvard University
^ etymology online

English Journal

Guild will offer friendship for all.

[No authors listed]
Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987).Nurs Stand.2016 May 11;30(37):8. doi: 10.7748/ns.30.37.8.s5.
A group of eight nurses have formed the Guild of Nurses, which joins the ranks of the historic City of London livery companies.
PMID 27206169

Effects of United States Department of Agriculture carcass maturity on sensory attributes of steaks produced by cattle representing two dental age classes.

Semler ML, Woerner DR, Belk KE, Enns KJ, Tatum JD.
Journal of animal science.J Anim Sci.2016 May;94(5):2207-17. doi: 10.2527/jas.2016-0382.
This study examined the effects of USDA carcass maturity on sensory properties of LM steaks produced by cattle representing 2 dental age classes. Carcasses identified for use in the experiment were produced by steers and heifers classified as either <30 mo of age (MOA) or ≥30 MOA at the time of
PMID 27285716

Forage legumes rich in condensed tannins may increase n-3 fatty acid levels and sensory quality of lamb meat.

Girard M1,2, Dohme-Meier F1, Silacci P1, Ampuero Kragten S1, Kreuzer M2, Bee G1.
Journal of the science of food and agriculture.J Sci Food Agric.2016 Apr;96(6):1923-33. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.7298. Epub 2015 Jul 16.
BACKGROUND: Tannins intensively interact with rumen microbes, which is expected to have consequences for meat quality.RESULTS: Silages prepared from birdsfoot trefoil (BT), sainfoin (SF), alfalfa (AF) or red clover (RC) were fed alone to 48 lambs. The SF contained five times more condensed tannins t
PMID 26059039

Identifying consumer preferences for specific beef flavor characteristics in relation to cattle production and postmortem processing parameters.

O'Quinn TG1, Woerner DR2, Engle TE2, Chapman PL3, Legako JF4, Brooks JC5, Belk KE2, Tatum JD2.
Meat science.Meat Sci.2016 Feb;112:90-102. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.11.001. Epub 2015 Nov 2.
Sensory analysis of ground LL samples representing 12 beef product categories was conducted in 3 different regions of the U.S. to identify flavor preferences of beef consumers. Treatments characterized production-related flavor differences associated with USDA grade, cattle type, finishing diet, gro
PMID 26560806

Japanese Journal

10th Anniversary of Eurofighter ops Special livery jet of the Luftwaffe Over the Baltic Sea : バルト海沿岸上空のドイツ空軍ユーロファイター運用10周年特別塗装機 (注目グラフィック特集)

航空ファン 63(12), 1-3, 2014-12
NAID 40020241754

「革新的医療技術創出拠点プロジェクト」の概要について

Drug Delivery System 29(1), 3-3, 2014
NAID 130004495140

水陸両用救難飛行艇US-2試作機塗粧デザイン

デザイン学研究作品集 10(10), 16-19, 2005-03-30
NAID 10016181061

フォークナー作品の馬と男と女

人間科学研究 1, 1-18, 2005-03
NAID 110001163434

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