肝再生、肝臓再生

WordNet

pursue a positive and satisfying existence; "You must accept yourself and others if you really want to live"
actually being performed at the time of hearing or viewing; "a live television program"; "brought to you live from Lincoln Center"; "live entertainment involves performers actually in the physical presence of a live audience" (同)unrecorded
abounding with life and energy; "the club members are a really live bunch"
charged with an explosive; "live ammunition"; "a live bomb"
exerting force or containing energy; "live coals"; "tossed a live cigarette out the window"; "got a shock from a live wire"; "live ore is unmined ore"; "a live bomb"; "a live ball is one in play"
highly reverberant; "a live concert hall"
in current use or ready for use; "live copy is ready to be set in type or already set but not yet proofread"
lead a certain kind of life; live in a certain style; "we had to live frugally after the war"
not recorded; "the opera was broadcast live"
of current relevance; "a live issue"; "still a live option"
a person who has a special life style; "a high liver"
large and complicated reddish-brown glandular organ located in the upper right portion of the abdominal cavity; secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat; synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood; sy
liver of an animal used as meat
someone who lives in a place; "a liver in cities"
(biology) growth anew of lost tissue or destroyed parts or organs
the activity of spiritual or physical renewal

PrepTutorEJDIC

『生きている』,生命がある / 《副詞[句]を伴って》〈人などが〉『生き続ける』 / 〈物事が〉長く続く,存続する / 《場所を表す副詞[句]を伴って》〈人などが〉『住む』,居住する / 《副詞[句]を伴って》『生活する』,暮らす / 生人を楽しむ,おもしろく桟らす / 《a+形容詞癌lifeを目的語にして》〈…を生活〉‘を'する / 〈思想など〉‘を'実銭する
《名詞の前にのみ用いて》『生きている』 / 『活気のある』 / (問題などが)当面の / 燃えている / (弾丸などが)まだ爆発してない,未発の / まだ動いている(働いている),有効な / 電流が通じている / (放走が)生の,実況の
(ある態度で)生活する人;居住者
〈C〉『肝臓』 / 〈U〉(食用にする)動物の肝臓,レバー
更生;改心 / よみがえり;刷新 / (生物の)再生

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/08/03 21:32:00」(JST)

wiki en

Liver is the only visceral organ that possesses remarkable capacity to regenerate.^[1]^[2] Liver can regenerate after either surgical removal or after chemical injury.^[3] It is known that as little as 25% of the original liver mass can regenerate back to its full size.^[2]^[4] The process of regeneration in mammals is mainly compensatory growth because only the mass of the liver is replaced not the shape.^[5] However, in lower species such as fish, both liver size and shape can be replaced.^[6]

Liver regeneration involves replication of the liver cells, mainly hepatocytes, followed by other cells such as biliary epithelial cells and sinusoidal endothelial cells. Once cell proliferation is completed, the newly divided cells undergo restructuring, angiogenesis and reformation of extracellular matrix to complete the regeneration process.^[2] Interestingly, in most cases, liver function is only partially affected during liver regeneration. Whereas certain specialized functions such as drug metabolism decrease, many other primary functions such as albumin and bile acid production are not substantially affected.^[1]

Two main type of models are used to study liver regeneration including surgical removal also referred to as partial hepatectomy (PHX) and chemical-induced liver damage. Whereas the mechanisms and kinetics of liver regeneration in these two models are different, many of the same signaling pathways stimulate liver regeneration in both pathways.^[7]

Liver regeneration is highly controlled process regulated by complex network on highly redundant signals. Several signaling pathways are known to stimulate regeneration in the liver including cytokines, growth factors, hormones, and nuclear receptors.^[1]

The ability of liver to regenerate is central to liver homeostasis. Because liver is the major site of drug detoxification, it is exposed to many chemicals in the body which can induce cell death and injury. Liver can regenerate damaged tissue rapidly and thus prevents liver failure. Liver regeneration is also critical for patients of liver diseases where partial removal of liver due to fibrosis or tumor is a common therapy, which relies on ability of the remaining liver to regenerate back.^{[citation needed]}

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Michalopoulos, George K. (2013). "Principles of Liver Regeneration and Growth Homeostasis". Comprehensive Physiology 3 (1). pp. 485–513. doi:10.1002/cphy.c120014. ISBN 978-0-470-65071-4. PMID 23720294.
^ ^a ^b ^c Michalopoulos, G. K.; Defrances, M. C. (1997). "Liver Regeneration". Science 276 (5309): 60–6. doi:10.1126/science.276.5309.60. PMID 9082986.
^ Mehendale, Harihara (2005). "Tissue Repair: An Important Determinant of Final Outcome of Toxicant-Induced Injury". Toxicologic Pathology 33 (1): 41–51. doi:10.1080/01926230590881808. PMID 15805055.
^ Fausto, Nelson; Campbell, Jean S.; Riehle, Kimberly J. (2006). "Liver regeneration". Hepatology 43 (2 Suppl 1): S45–53. doi:10.1002/hep.20969. PMID 16447274.
^ Fausto, Nelson (2000). "Liver regeneration". Journal of Hepatology 32 (1 Suppl): 19–31. doi:10.1016/S0168-8278(00)80412-2. PMID 10728791.
^ Chu, Jaime; Sadler, Kirsten C. (2009). "New school in liver development: Lessons from zebrafish". Hepatology 50 (5): 1656–63. doi:10.1002/hep.23157. PMID 19693947.
^ Mehendale, H.M.; Apte, U. (2010). "Liver Regeneration and Tissue Repair". Comprehensive Toxicology. pp. 339–67. doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-046884-6.01013-7. ISBN 978-0-08-046884-6.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 生体肝移植 living donor liver transplantation
2. 肝切除の概要 overview of hepatic resection
3. 肝移植のドナー選択 donor selection for liver transplantation
4. Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD)
5. 肝細胞移植 hepatocyte transplantation

English Journal

Human foreskin fibroblast-like stromal cells can differentiate into functional hepatocytic cells.

Huang HI, Chen SK, Wang RY, Shen CR, Cheng YC.SourceDepartment of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, R.O.C.; Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Cell biology international.Cell Biol Int.2013 Dec;37(12):1308-19. doi: 10.1002/cbin.10175. Epub 2013 Sep 16.
Foreskin fibroblast-like stromal cells (FDSCs) are progenitors isolated from human tissue that can differentiate into diverse cell types. Many types of stem cells can differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells, which could be used for drug testing or in liver regeneration therapy, but whether FDSCs ca
PMID 23956153

Sorafenib inhibits liver regeneration in rats.

Andersen KJ, Knudsen AR, Kannerup AS, Sasanuma H, Nyengaard JR, Hamilton-Dutoit S, Ladekarl M, Mortensen FV.SourceDepartment of Surgical Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
HPB : the official journal of the International Hepato Pancreato Biliary Association.HPB (Oxford).2013 Dec;15(12):944-50. doi: 10.1111/hpb.12068. Epub 2013 Mar 6.
BACKGROUND: Sorafenib is a multikinase inhibitor with antiangiogenic and antiproliferative properties, approved for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. The effect of Sorafenib on liver regeneration in healthy rats was investigated.METHODS: Sixty Wistar rats received either Sorafenib (group S;
PMID 23461776

Mechanisms of splenic hypertrophy following hepatic resection.

Petrovai G, Truant S, Langlois C, Bouras AF, Lemaire S, Buob D, Leteurtre E, Boleslawski E, Pruvot FR.SourceDepartment of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital Centre [Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU)], University of Lille Nord de France, Lille, France.
HPB : the official journal of the International Hepato Pancreato Biliary Association.HPB (Oxford).2013 Dec;15(12):919-27. doi: 10.1111/hpb.12056. Epub 2013 Feb 26.
BACKGROUND: Following hepatic resection, liver regeneration has been associated with concurrent splenic hypertrophy. The mechanisms of this phenomenon are unknown, may be multiple and include: splanchnic sequestration caused by a reduction in the hepatic mass; hepatic growth factors that may indirec
PMID 23458075