WordNet

pursue a positive and satisfying existence; "You must accept yourself and others if you really want to live"
actually being performed at the time of hearing or viewing; "a live television program"; "brought to you live from Lincoln Center"; "live entertainment involves performers actually in the physical presence of a live audience" (同)unrecorded
abounding with life and energy; "the club members are a really live bunch"
charged with an explosive; "live ammunition"; "a live bomb"
exerting force or containing energy; "live coals"; "tossed a live cigarette out the window"; "got a shock from a live wire"; "live ore is unmined ore"; "a live bomb"; "a live ball is one in play"
highly reverberant; "a live concert hall"
in current use or ready for use; "live copy is ready to be set in type or already set but not yet proofread"
lead a certain kind of life; live in a certain style; "we had to live frugally after the war"
not recorded; "the opera was broadcast live"
of current relevance; "a live issue"; "still a live option"
a person who has a special life style; "a high liver"
large and complicated reddish-brown glandular organ located in the upper right portion of the abdominal cavity; secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat; synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood; sy
liver of an animal used as meat
someone who lives in a place; "a liver in cities"
the spreading of a disease (especially cancer) to another part of the body

PrepTutorEJDIC

『生きている』,生命がある / 《副詞[句]を伴って》〈人などが〉『生き続ける』 / 〈物事が〉長く続く,存続する / 《場所を表す副詞[句]を伴って》〈人などが〉『住む』,居住する / 《副詞[句]を伴って》『生活する』,暮らす / 生人を楽しむ,おもしろく桟らす / 《a+形容詞癌lifeを目的語にして》〈…を生活〉‘を'する / 〈思想など〉‘を'実銭する
《名詞の前にのみ用いて》『生きている』 / 『活気のある』 / (問題などが)当面の / 燃えている / (弾丸などが)まだ爆発してない,未発の / まだ動いている(働いている),有効な / 電流が通じている / (放走が)生の,実況の
(ある態度で)生活する人;居住者
〈C〉『肝臓』 / 〈U〉(食用にする)動物の肝臓,レバー
(癌(がん)などの)転移

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/04/28 20:44:08」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

Cross section of a human liver, taken at autopsy examination, showing multiple large pale tumor deposits. The tumor is an adenocarcinoma derived from a primary lesion in the body of the pancreas.

Main sites of metastases for some common cancer types, showing liver as the target for many types. Primary cancers are denoted by "...cancer" and their main metastasis sites are denoted by "...metastases".^[1]

A liver metastasis is a malignant tumor in the liver that has spread from another organ affected by cancer. The liver is a common site for metastatic disease because of its rich, dual blood supply (the liver receives blood via the hepatic artery and portal vein). Metastatic tumors in the liver are 20 times more common than primary tumors. In 50% of all cases the primary tumor is of the gastrointestinal tract, other common sites include the breast, ovaries, bronchus and kidney.

Tumor emboli entering the sinusoids through the liver blood supply appear to be physically obstructed by the Kupffer cells, but if tumor emboli are larger, they tend to become lodged in the portal venous branches.

Features

Hepatomegaly - with a nodular free edge of liver
Tenderness
Cachexic
Ascites
Jaundice
Pyrexia - up to 10% of patients
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) elevated
Ultrasound scan and CT scan - multiple filling defects.

Diagnosis

Axial CT of the abdomen showing multiple liver metastases

Micrograph of a liver core needle biopsy showing metastatic cancer.

Hemoglobin decrease
Liver function test: ALP elevated, bilirubin elevated, albumin decrease
Carcinoembryonic antigen for colorectal secondaries
Ultrasound scan
CT scan
Biopsy under ultrasound control

Treatment

Treatment can consist of surgery (hepatectomy), chemotherapy and/or therapies specifically aimed at the liver like: radiofrequency ablation, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, selective internal radiation therapy and irreversible electroporation). For most patients no effective treatment exists --- because both lobes usually involved --- making surgical resection impossible. Younger patients with metastases from colorectal cancer, confined to one lobe of liver and up to 4 in number, may be treated by partial hepatectomy. In selected cases, chemotherapy may be given systematically or via hepatic artery.

In some tumors, notably arising from the colon and rectum, apparently solitary metastases/metastases to one or other lobes --- may be resected. Careful search for other metastases is required, including local recurrence of original primary tumor (e.g.:colonoscopy) and dissemination elsewhere (e.g.:CT of thorax) --- 5 year survival rates of 30-40% have been reported following resection

References

^[2] ^[3] ^[4] ^[5] ^[6] ^[7] ^[8]

^ List of included entries and references is found on main image page in Commons: Commons:File:Metastasis sites for common cancers.svg#Summary
^ Metastatic Liver Cancer: Tumors of the Liver: Merck Manual Home Health Handbook
^ Treatment of metastatic liver cancer and colorectal cancer
^ http://www.c2i2.org/winter2003/imaging_update_in_metastatic_abstract.asp
^ http://www.healthcare.com/topic/metastatic-liver-disease
^ en.diagnosispro.com/disease_information-for/metastatic-liver-disease/16554.html
^ lib.bioinfo.pl/pmid:16586537
^ http://www.ist-world.org/ResultPublicationDetails.aspx?ResultPublicationId=3fb68dcc8b7142b6afc25183a9aa2786

UpToDate Contents

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1. 切除可能大腸癌の肝転移のマネージメント management of potentially resectable colorectal cancer liver metastases
2. 固形肝病変：鑑別診断および評価 solid liver lesions differential diagnosis and evaluation
3. 肺癌の危険因子、病理、および臨床症状の概要 overview of the risk factors pathology and clinical manifestations of lung cancer
4. 大腸癌の肝転移に対する非外科的局所治療戦略 nonsurgical local treatment strategies for colorectal cancer liver metastases
5. 転移性乳癌：局所治療 metastatic breast cancer local treatment

English Journal

A mimicking "multiple liver metastasis" of breast cancer by recurrent B lymphoblastic leukemia.

Nishimura M, Okamura A, Inui Y, Imamura Y, Yakushijin K, Matsuoka H, Yamamoto K, Minami H.
Annals of hematology.Ann Hematol.2014 Mar;93(3):499-500. doi: 10.1007/s00277-013-1810-5. Epub 2013 Jun 5.
PMID 23737093

Synergistic inhibition of lung cancer cell invasion, tumor growth and angiogenesis using aptamer-siRNA chimeras.

Lai WY1, Wang WY2, Chang YC2, Chang CJ2, Yang PC3, Peck K2.Author information 1Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.2Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.3Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan. Electronic address: pcyang@ntu.edu.tw.AbstractEarly metastasis is one of the major causes of mortality among patient with lung cancer. The process of tumor metastasis involves a cascade of events, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition, tumor cell migration and invasion, and angiogenesis. To specifically suppress tumor invasion and angiogenesis, two nucleolin aptamer-siRNA chimeras (aptNCL-SLUGsiR and aptNCL-NRP1siR) were used to block key signaling pathways involved in lung cancer metastasis that are pivotal to metastatic tumor cells but not to normal cells under ordinary physiologic conditions. Through nucleolin-mediated endocytosis, the aptNCL-siRNA chimeras specifically and significantly knocked down the expressions of SLUG and NRP1 in nucleolin-expressing cancer cells. Furthermore, simultaneous suppression of SLUG and NRP1 expressions by the chimeras synergistically retarded cancer cell motility and invasive ability. The synergistic effect was also observed in a xenograft mouse model, wherein the combined treatment using two chimeras suppressed tumor growth, the invasiveness, circulating tumor cell amount, and angiogenesis in tumor tissue without affecting liver and kidney functions. This study demonstrates that combined treatment of aptNCL-SLUGsiR and aptNCL-NRP1siR can synergistically suppress lung cancer cell invasion, tumor growth and angiogenesis by cancer-specific targeting combined with gene-specific silencing.
Biomaterials.Biomaterials.2014 Mar;35(9):2905-14. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.12.054. Epub 2014 Jan 4.
Early metastasis is one of the major causes of mortality among patient with lung cancer. The process of tumor metastasis involves a cascade of events, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition, tumor cell migration and invasion, and angiogenesis. To specifically suppress tumor invasion and angioge
PMID 24397988

Long noncoding RNAs: Novel insights into hepatocelluar carcinoma.

He Y1, Meng XM1, Huang C1, Wu BM1, Zhang L1, Lv XW1, Li J2.Author information 1School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University (ILD-AMU), Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.2School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University (ILD-AMU), Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China. Electronic address: heyongR99@163.com.AbstractRecent advances in non-protein coding part of human genome analysis have discovered extensive transcription of large RNA transcripts that lack of coding protein function, termed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). It is becoming evident that lncRNAs may be an important class of pervasive genes involved in carcinogenesis and metastasis. However, the biological and molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs in diverse diseases are not yet fully understood. Thus, it is anticipated that more efforts should be made to clarify the lncRNAs world. Moreover, accumulating studies have demonstrated that a class of lncRNAs are dysregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and closely related with tumorigenesis, metastasis, prognosis or diagnosis. In this review, we will briefly discuss the regulation and functional role of lncRNAs in HCC, therefore evaluating the potential of lncRNAs as prospective novel therapeutic targets in HCC.
Cancer letters.Cancer Lett.2014 Mar 1;344(1):20-7. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.10.021. Epub 2013 Oct 30.
Recent advances in non-protein coding part of human genome analysis have discovered extensive transcription of large RNA transcripts that lack of coding protein function, termed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). It is becoming evident that lncRNAs may be an important class of pervasive genes involved i
PMID 24183851