WordNet

(botany) either of the two parts of a bilabiate corolla or calyx
either the outer margin or the inner margin of the aperture of a gastropods shell
either of two fleshy folds of tissue that surround the mouth and play a role in speaking
an oily organic compound insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents; essential structural component of living cells (along with proteins and carbohydrates) (同)lipide, lipoid
respiratory disease characterized by inflammation of the lung parenchyma (excluding the bronchi) with congestion caused by viruses or bacteria or irritants

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉『くちびる』,口もと / 《複数形で》(発音器官としての)くちびる,口 / 〈U〉《俗》生意気な言葉 / 〈C〉(容器などの)口,へり,縁;(峡谷・火山などの)口 / 〈C〉(植物の)唇弁(しんべん)
脂質,あぶら
肺炎

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/10/08 20:16:37」(JST)

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Lipid pneumonia or lipoid pneumonia is a specific form of lung inflammation (pneumonia) that develops when lipids enter the bronchial tree. The disorder is sometimes called Cholesterol pneumonia in cases where that lipid is a factor.^[1]

History

Laughlen first described lipid pneumonia in 1925 with infants that inhaled oil droplets.^[2] It is a condition that has been seen as an occupational risk for commercial diving operations but documented cases are rare.^[2]

Clinical Manifestations

The pneumonia presents as a foreign body reaction causing cough, dyspnoea, and often fever. Haemoptysis has also been reported.^[3]

Causes

Sources of such lipids could be either exogenous or endogenous.^[4]

Exogenous: from outside the body. For example, inhaled nose drops with an oil base, or accidental inhalation of cosmetic oil. Amiodarone is an anti-arrythmic known to cause this condition. Oil pulling has also been shown to be a cause.^[5] At risk populations include the elderly, developmentally delayed or persons with gastroesophageal reflux. Switching to water-soluble alternatives may be helpful in some situations.^[6]

Endogenous: from the body itself, for example, when an airway is obstructed, it is often the case that distal to the obstruction, lipid-laden macrophages (foamy macrophages) and giant cells fill the lumen of the disconnected airspace.^[7]

Appearance

The gross appearance of a lipid pneumonia is that in which there is an ill-defined, pale yellow area on the lung. This yellow appearance explains the colloquial term "golden" pneumonia.

At the microscopic scale foamy macrophages and giant cells are seen in the airways, and the inflammatory response is visible in the parenchyma.

Treatment

Treatment is with corticosteroids and possibly intravenous immunoglobulins.

Prognosis

Endogenous lipoid pneumonia and non-specific interstitial pneumonitis has been seen prior to the development of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in a child.^[7]

References

^ Pelz L, Hobusch D, Erfurth F, Richter K (1972). "[Familial cholesterol pneumonia]". Helv Paediatr Acta 27 (4): 371–9. PMID 4644274.
^ ^a ^b Kizer KW, Golden JA (November 1987). "Lipoid pneumonitis in a commercial abalone diver". Undersea Biomedical Research 14 (6): 545–52. PMID 3686744. Retrieved 2013-04-02.
^ Moe Bell, Marvin (2015 09). "Lipoid pneumonia: An unusual and preventable illness in elderly patients". Canadian Family Physician 61: 775–777. Check date values in: |date= (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help)
^ "Pulmonary Pathology". Retrieved 21 November 2008.
^ Kim JY, Jung JW, Choi JC, Shin JW, Park IW, Choi BW (February 2014). "Recurrent lipoid pneumonia associated with oil pulling". The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 18 (2): 251–2. doi:10.5588/ijtld.13.0852. PMID 24429325.
^ Moe Bell, Marvin (2015 09). "Lipoid pneumonia: An unusual and preventable illness in elderly patients". Canadian Family Physician 61: 775–777. Check date values in: |date= (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help)
^ ^a ^b Antoon JW, Hernandez ML, Roehrs PA, Noah TL, Leigh MW, Byerley JS (2014). "Endogenous lipoid pneumonia preceding diagnosis of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis". Clin Respir J. doi:10.1111/crj.12197. PMID 25103284.

External links

Gross pathology specimen from the University of Utah

UpToDate Contents

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1. 成人における肺胞蛋白症の診断および治療 diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in adults
2. コクシジオイデス症の肺後遺症および合併症のマネージメント management of pulmonary sequelae and complications of coccidioidomycosis
3. 間質性肺疾患の診断における気管支肺胞洗浄検査の役割 role of bronchoalveolar lavage in diagnosis of interstitial lung disease
4. 幼児および小児における間質性肺疾患分類 classification of interstitial lung disease in infants and children
5. レジオネラ感染の疫学および病因 epidemiology and pathogenesis of legionella infection

English Journal

The Regulation of Proresolving Lipid Mediator Profiles in Baboon Pneumonia by Inhaled Carbon Monoxide.

Dalli J1, Kraft BD2, Colas RA1, Shinohara M1, Fredenburgh LE3, Hess DR4, Chiang N1, Welty-Wolf K2, Choi AM5, Piantadosi CA2, Serhan CN1.
American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology.Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol.2015 Sep;53(3):314-25. doi: 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0299OC.
Strategies for the treatment of bacterial pneumonia beyond traditional antimicrobial therapy have been limited. The recently discovered novel genus of lipid mediators, coined "specialized proresolving mediators" (SPMs), which orchestrate clearance of recruited leukocytes and restore epithelial barri
PMID 25568926

Refractory Hyperlactatemia with Organ Insufficiency in Lipid Storage Myopathy.

Xu Y1, Zhou L1, Liang W1, He W1, Liu X1, Liang X1, Zhong N1, Li Y1.
Archives of Iranian medicine.Arch Iran Med.2015 Aug;18(8):545-548.
Lipid storage myopathy is a metabolic disorder characterized by abnormal lipid accumulation in muscle fibers and progressive muscle weakness. Here, we report the case of a 17-year-old woman with progressive muscle weakness, refractory hyperlactatemia, and multiple organ insufficiency. Severe pneumon
PMID 26265524

A metabolomics approach to studying the effects of Jinxin oral liquid on RSV-infected mice using UPLC/LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry.

Du LN1, Xie T2, Xu JY2, Kang A3, Di LQ3, Shan JJ3, Wang SC2.
Journal of ethnopharmacology.J Ethnopharmacol.2015 Jul 30. pii: S0378-8741(15)30055-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.07.040. [Epub ahead of print]
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Jinxin oral liquid (JOL) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula modified from ma-xing-shi-gan-tang, an ancient formula widely used in the treatment of respiratory diseases such as bronchitis, pneumonia, and asthma. In our previous studies, JOL was shown to sa
PMID 26234176

Japanese Journal

アマミノクロウサギ（<I>Pentalagus furnessi</I>）における自然発生病変の病理組織学的検索：ホルマリン保存臓器を用いた予備的研究

久保正仁,中嶋朋美,本田拓摩,河内淑恵,伊藤結,服部正策,倉石武
日本野生動物医学会誌 18(2), 65-70, 2013
野生アマミノクロウサギ（<I>Pentalagus furnessi</I>）においてどのような自然発生病変がみられるかを調べるために， 2003年8月から2012年3月にかけて剖検され，ホルマリン固定されたアマミノクロウサギの臓器131頭分について病理組織学的な解析を行った。雌成獣1頭においてトキソプラズマ症が疑われる全身性の原虫感染症が，雄幼獣1頭においてグラム陰性桿菌 …
NAID 130003376217

特発性間質性肺炎の治療中に,左大腿骨頸部骨折を契機に急激な呼吸不全を呈した脂肪塞栓症候群の1例

小田桂士,川波敏則,矢寺和博 [他],生越貴明,神崎未奈子,長田周也,西田千夏,山崎啓,石本裕士,迎寛
産業医科大学雑誌 33(3), 255-261, 2011-09-01
症例は78歳女性.2003年に前医にて特発性間質性肺炎と診断され,プレドニゾロン内服が開始されたが緩徐に呼吸不全が進行し,2007年には在宅酸素療法が導入され,外来通院していた.2010年4月X日に転倒し,同日に左大腿骨頸部骨折の治療目的で当院に救急搬送された.入院時,呼吸状態は比較的安定していたが,第2病日から急激な悪化を認め,第4病日に人工呼吸管理を要した.間質性肺炎の急性増悪が疑われたが,D …
NAID 110008711326

Role of Lipid-Derived Free Radical in Bleomycin-Induced Lung Injury in Mice : Availability for ESR Spin Trap Method with Organic Phase Extraction(Analytical Biochemistry)

Sato Keizo,Tashiro Yasumasa,Chibana Satsuki [他],YAMASHITA Akihisa,KARAKAWA Tomohiro,KOHROGI Hirotsugu
Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin 31(10), 1855-1859, 2008-10-01
… Bleomycin is well known as causative molecule for acute lung injury and interstitial pneumonia. … The free radical production from bleomycin is thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury and interstitial pneumonia. … Six hours after instillation of bleomycin, the lung exposed to bleomycin gave a lipid-derived free radical adduct, which would support evidence for in vitro lipid peroxidation resulting from bleomycin administration. …
NAID 110006936322