lien

　 　

WordNet

1. the right to take anothers property if an obligation is not discharged
2. transferable to another owner
3. the emergence of seeds as seed pods burst open when they are ripe
4. tell an untruth; pretend with intent to deceive; "Dont lie to your parents"; "She lied when she told me she was only 29"
5. a statement that deviates from or perverts the truth (同)prevarication
6. position or manner in which something is situated
7. have a place in relation to something else; "The fate of Bosnia lies in the hands of the West"; "The responsibility rests with the Allies" (同)rest
8. be and remain in a particular state or condition; "lie dormant"
9. be located or situated somewhere; occupy a certain position
10. be lying, be prostrate; be in a horizontal position; "The sick man lay in bed all day"; "the books are lying on the shelf"
11. Chinese distance measure; approximately 0.5 kilometers

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. (法律で認められた財産などに対する)先取特権,留置権《+『on』+『名』》
2. (法律上所有権を)譲渡できる
3. 《場所を表す副詞[句]を伴って》『横たわる』,横になる / 《状態を表す副詞[句]を伴った》『置かれている』,ある / 《場所を表す副詞[句]を伴って》(ある場所に)『位置する』,ある / 《通例場所を表す副詞[句]を伴って》〈誤り・理由・責任・抽象的なものが〉見い出される,ある / 《場所を表す副詞[句]を伴って》地下に眠る,葬られている / 位置,方向;状態
4. 『うそ』,希り / 〈人が〉『うそを言う』,偽る;(…に)うそを言う《+『to』+『名』》;(…について)うそを言う《+『about』+『名』(do『ing』)》 / 〈物事が〉欺く・「lie oneself out of 何々」で「嘘を言って(困難などから)逃れる」

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/03/01 22:47:16」(JST)

wiki ja

[Wiki ja表示]

「ハリネズミの恋」
Every Little Thing の シングル
収録アルバム	FUN-FARE
B面	Lien
リリース	2013年4月10日（ハリネズミの恋）、2013年3月20日（Lien）（着うた配信）、4月10日（着うたフル、PC・SP向け配信）
規格	マキシシングル
ジャンル	J-POP
レーベル	avex trax
作詞・作曲	Kaori Mochida Kunio Tago Eiji kawai
チャート最高順位
週間16位（オリコン） 登場回数4回（オリコン）
Every Little Thing シングル 年表
ON AND ON （2013年） ハリネズミの恋 （2013年）

「ハリネズミの恋」（ハリネズミのこい）は、Every Little Thingの楽曲。2013年3月20日から順次配信が開始され（Lienのみ）、2013年4月10日に45枚目のシングルとしてavex traxからCDが発売された。

解説

前作からわずか2か月での発売となった。前作同様。2013年1月26日から行われているライブツアー「Every Little Thing Concert Tour 2013 -ON AND ON-」の期間中にリリースされた。CDのみ、CD+DVDの二形態で発売。

なお、シングル盤は当初両A面シングル「ハリネズミの恋/Lien」として発表されていたが、最終的に「ハリネズミの恋」の単独A面シングルとなり、「Lien」はカップリング曲扱いとなった。

シングル収録曲

CD

1. ハリネズミの恋[3:30]

   作詞:Kaori Mochida/作曲:Kunio Tago/編曲:Akira Murata/Every Little Thing

   メナード化粧品「フェアルーセント」CM曲。

   内容は恋心を歌ったカントリー調の曲で、PVではハリネズミの家を持田が訪れる内容になっている。シングル曲では最も演奏時間が短い。

2. Lien[5:13]　

   作詞:Kaori Mochida/作曲:Eiji kawai/編曲:SHINJIROH INOUE/Every Little Thing

   映画「映画はなかっぱ 花さけ!パッカ〜ん♪ 蝶の国の大冒険」主題歌。映画には持田と伊藤がゲスト出演している。

   「Lien（リアン）」とはフランス語で「絆」を意味する。

3. ハリネズミの恋(Instrumental)[3:30]
4. Lien(Instrumental)[5:09]

DVD（初回生産限定盤のみ）

1. ハリネズミの恋　(Music Video)

出典

外部リンク

• エイベックスによる作品紹介
  • 生産限定版
  • 通常版

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

For other uses, see Lien (disambiguation).

Property law
Part of the common law series
Types of property
Real Personal
Acquisition
Gift Adverse possession Deed Conquest Discovery Accession Treasure trove Bailment License Alienation Lost, mislaid, and abandoned property
Estates in land
Allodial title Fee simple Fee tail Life estate Defeasible estate Future interest Concurrent estate Leasehold estate Condominiums Real estate
Conveyancing
Bona fide purchaser Torrens title Strata title Estoppel by deed Quitclaim deed Mortgage Equitable conversion Escheat Action to quiet title
Future use control
Restraint on alienation Rule against perpetuities Rule in Shelley's Case Doctrine of worthier title
Nonpossessory interest
Easement Profit Usufruct Covenant Equitable servitude
Related topics
Fixtures Waste Partition Assignment Blackacre Property rights Mineral rights Water rights prior appropriation riparian Practicing without a license Lateral and subjacent support Nemo dat quod non habet Quicquid plantatur solo, solo cedit Conflict of property laws
Other common law areas
Contract law Tort law Criminal law Wills, trusts, estates Evidence

In law, a lien (UK /ˈliːən/ or US /ˈliːn/) is a form of security interest granted over an item of property to secure the payment of a debt or performance of some other obligation. The owner of the property, who grants the lien, is referred to as the lieneeand the person who has the benefit of the lien is referred to as the lienor or lien holder.

The etymological root is Anglo-French lien, loyen "bond", "restraint", from Latin ligamen, from ligare "to bind".

In the United States, the term lien generally refers to a wide range of encumbrances and would include other forms of mortgage or charge. In the USA, a lien characteristically refers to non-possessory security interests (see generally: Security interest—categories).

In other common-law countries, the term lien refers to a very specific type of security interest, being a passive right to retain (but not sell) property until the debt or other obligation is discharged. In contrast to the usage of the term in the USA, in other countries it refers to a purely possessory form of security interest; indeed, when possession of the property is lost, the lien is released. However, common-law countries also recognize a slightly anomalous form of security interest called an "equitable lien" which arises in certain rare instances.

Despite their differences in terminology and application, there are a number of similarities between liens in the USA and elsewhere in the common-law world.

United States

Liens can be consensual or non-consensual (also termed voluntary or involuntary in different states) Consensual liens are imposed by a contract between the creditor and the debtor:

• mortgage
• chattel mortgage

Nonconsensual liens typically arise by statute or by the operation of the common law. Those laws give a creditor the right to impose a lien on an item of real property or a chattel by the existence of the relationship of creditor and debtor. Those liens include

• tax liens, imposed to secure payment of a tax;
• "weed liens" and "demolition liens", assessed by the government to rectify a property from being a nuisance and public hazard;
• attorney's liens, against funds and documents to secure payment of fees;
• mechanic's liens, which secure payment for work done on property or land;
• judgment liens, imposed to secure payment of a judgment;
• maritime liens, imposed on ships by admiralty law.

Liens are also "perfected" or "unperfected" (see perfection). Perfected liens are those liens for which a creditor has established a priority right in the encumbered property with respect to third party creditors. Perfection is generally accomplished by taking steps required by law to give third party creditors notice of the lien. The fact that an item of property is in the hands of the creditor usually constitutes perfection. Where the property remains in the hands of the debtor, some further step must be taken, like recording a notice of the security interest with the appropriate office.

Perfecting a lien is an important part of the task of protecting the secured creditor's interest in the property. A perfected lien is valid against bona fide purchasers of property, and even against a trustee in bankruptcy; an unperfected lien may not be.

Equitable lien (U.S.)

In the United States, references to an "equitable lien" is a right, enforceable only in equity, to have a demand satisfied out of a particular fund or specific property without having possession of the fund or property. An equitable lien is actually a legal remedy, rather than a security interest created in contemplation of or in support of a transaction. In U.S. law, such liens characteristically arise in four circumstances:

1. when an occupant of land, believing in good faith to be the owner of the land, makes improvements, repairs or other expenditure that permanently increases the land's value;
2. when one of two or more joint owners makes expenditures of the kind described above;
3. when a tenant for life completes permanent and beneficial improvements to the estate begun earlier by the testator; and
4. when land or other property is transferred subject to the payment of debts, legacies, portions or annuities to third persons.

Mover's lien

Movers are typically entitled to a mover's lien under UCC § 7-307/308, to withhold a customer's goods to secure payment. This is a possessory lien, and is the non-consensual type of lien (because it exists automatically under a statute instead of being affirmatively agreed upon). However, the concept of a mover's lien is often abused in a moving scam known as a hostage load, whereby the moving company will fraudulently extort money not owed by the customer by refusing to deliver the goods unless the customer pays money inflated beyond the contractual estimate. Because the customer has an interest in obtaining his/her own goods, he/she is under duress to pay the ransom. Hostage loads in at least the interstate context are illegal under 49 U.S.C. 13905. The FMCSA regulates the moving industry and sometimes takes enforcement action by fining and/or delicensure of offending moving companies. Moving companies that deliberately engage in hostage-loading may also be considered to be engaging in racketeering in violation of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act.

Disputes between legitimate lienholding of chattels vs. hostage-loading can sometimes be averted by the customer including an advanced (before-the-fact) consensual waiver of the mover's right to a lien in the written contract, obligating the moving company to deliver the goods with reasonable dispatch regardless of disputes over payment, and failure to do so would constitute conversion or trespass to chattels.

Other common-law countries

Outside of the USA, a common-law lien may be defined in general terms as a passive right to retain a chattel (and, in certain cases, documentary intangibles and papers) conferred by law. Modern law has generally left the legal lien to cases where it has been historically established without any real effort being made to make it applicable to modern conditions. In Tappenden v Artus [1964] 2 QB 185 Diplock LJ referred to a lien as a "self help" remedy, like "other primitive remedies such as abatement of nuisance, self-defence or ejection of trespassers to land". Equitable liens are an unusual species of property right, usually considered sui generis.

Common-law lien

Common-law liens are divided into special liens and general liens. A special lien, the more common kind, requires a close connection between the property and the service rendered. A special lien can only be exercised in respect of fees relating to the instant transaction; the lienor cannot use the property held as security for past debts as well. A general lien affects all of the property of the lienee in the possession of the lienor, and stands as security for all of the debts of the lienee to the lienor. A special lien can be extended to a general lien by contract, and this is commonly done in the case of carriers. A common-law lien only gives a passive right to retain; there is no power of sale which arises at common law, although some statutes have also conferred an additional power of sale, and it is possible to confer a separate power of sale by contract.

The common-law liens are closely aligned to the so-called "common callings", but are not co-extensive with them.

A common-law lien is a very limited type of security interest. Apart from the fact that it only amounts to a passive right to retain, a lien cannot be transferred; it cannot be asserted by a third party to whom possession of the goods is given to perform the same services that the original party should have performed; and if the chattel is surrendered to the lienor, the lien entitlement is lost forever (except for where the parties agree that the lien shall survive a temporary re-possession by the lienor). A lienee who sells the chattel unlawfully may be liable in conversion as well as surrendering the lien.

Equitable lien

In common-law countries, equitable liens give rise to unique and difficult issues. An equitable lien is a non-possessory security right conferred by operation of law, which is similar in effect to an equitable charge. It differs from a charge in that it is non-consensual. It is conferred only in very limited circumstances, the most common (and least ambiguous) of which is in relation to the sale of land; an unpaid vendor has an equitable lien over the land for the purchase price, notwithstanding that the purchaser has gone into occupation of the property. It is seen as a counterweight to the equitable rule which confers a beneficial interest in the land on the purchaser once contracts are exchanged for purchase.

It is a matter of conjecture how far equitable liens extend outside of the unpaid vendor's lien. Equitable liens have been held to exist in a number of cases involving choses in action, but not yet in relation to chattels. The Australian courts have been the most receptive towards equitable liens in relation to personal property (see Hewett v Court (1983) 57 ALJR 211, but a review of the cases still leaves a lack of clarity in relation to the principles upon which an equitable lien will be imposed.

• In Re Stucley [1906] 1 Ch 67 a vendor of a reversionary interest in a trust fund, who sold the interest to the trustee, was held to have an equitable lien in the subject matter, although it was clearly personalty and not realty.
• In Barker v Cox (1876) 4 Ch D 464 the purchaser of property which was included in a matrimonial settlement paid the price in advance to one of the trustees, and the purchaser was held to have an equitable lien in investments which the trustees subsequently acquired with the purchase price.
• In Langen and Wing v Bell [1972] Ch 685 a director's service agreement required him to assign his shares in the company if he was terminated, and he was to receive a price calculated at a later date when the annual accounts were available; he was held to have an equitable lien over the transferred shares to secure the payment of the eventual purchase price.
• In Lord Napier & Etterick v Hunter [1993] 2 WLR 42 it was held that an indemnity insurer's subrogation rights in relation to funds improperly paid directly to the insured were subject to an equitable lien.

But overall, there is still perceived to be a lack of central nexus.

Statutory liens and contractual liens

Although arguably not liens as such, two other forms of encumbrance are sometimes referred to as liens.

Statutory liens

Certain statutes provide for a passive right to retain property against its owner as security for obligations. For example, section 88 of the Civil Aviation Act 1982 of the United Kingdom permits an airport to detain aircraft for unpaid airport charges and aviation fuel. Although this right has been treated as a lien under UK insolvency law, it has been argued that such statutory rights are not in fact liens, but rights analogous to liens, although some might say that this is a distinction without a difference.

Contractual liens

It has also been argued that an agreement by contract that one party may retain the goods of another party until paid is not a lien, as under the common law, liens could only be non-consensual. However, it appears that under insolvency law, such rights will be treated as liens even if they are not expressed to be liens.

Maritime liens

Main article: Maritime lien

A maritime lien is a lien on a vessel, given to secure the claim of a creditor who provided maritime services to the vessel or who suffered an injury from the vessel's use. Maritime liens are sometimes referred to as tacit hypothecation. Maritime liens have little in common with other liens under the laws of most jurisdictions.

The maritime lien has been described as "one of the most striking peculiarities of Admiralty law". A maritime lien constitutes a security interest upon ships of a nature otherwise unknown to the common law or equity. It arises purely by operation of law and exists as a claim upon the property concerned, both secret and invisible, often given priority by statute over other forms of registered security interest. Although characteristics vary under the laws of different countries, it can be described as:

1. a privileged claim,
2. upon maritime property,
3. for service to it or damage done by it,
4. accruing from the moment that the claim attaches,
5. travelling with the property unconditionally,
6. enforced by an action in rem.

Nomenclature

Throughout the world, there are a large number of different types and sub-divisions of liens. Not all of the following liens exist in all legal systems that recognise the concept of a lien. The following are descriptions that are not necessarily mutually exclusive. Types of lien include

• accountant's lien—the right of an accountant to retain a client's papers until the accountant's fees have been paid.
• agent's lien
• agister's lien—the lien of an agister over animals in the agister's care as security for fees.
• agricultural lien (United States)—a statutory lien that protects the seller of farming equipment by giving the seller a lien on crops grown with the equipment.
• architect's lien—the right of an architect to retain a client's papers until the architect's fees have been paid.
• attachment lien—a lien on property seized by pre-judgment attachment.
• attorney's lien—the right of an attorney to retain a client's papers until the attorney's fees have been paid (also referred to as a charging lien, solicitor's lien or a retaining lien in some jurisdictions.
• banker's lien—the right of a bank to satisfy a customer's matured debt by seizing the customer's money or property within the bank's possession.
• blanket lien—a lien that gives the lienor the entitlement to take possession of any or all of the lienee's real property to cover a delinquent loan.
• carrier's lien—a carrier's right to retain possession of cargo until the owner of the cargo pays shipping costs.
• choate lien (United States)—a lien in which the lienee, the property, and the monetary amount are established so that the lien is perfected and nothing else needs to be done to make the lien enforceable.
• common-law lien—a lien arising under the common law, rather than by statute, equity or agreement between the parties.
• concurrent lien—means one of two or more liens over the same property.
• consummate lien (United States)—a judgment lien arising after the denial of motion for a new trial.
• conventional lien (United States)—a lien that is created by agreement between the parties, in circumstances where the law would not otherwise create a lien.
• deferred lien (United States)—a lien that only take effect from a future date.
• demurrage lien—a carrier's lien on goods for any unpaid demurrage charges.
• dragnet lien (United States)—a lien that is enlarged to cover any additional credit extended to the debtor to the same creditor.
• environmental lien—A charge, security, or encumbrance on a property's title to secure payment of cost or debt arising from response actions, cleanup, or other remediation of hazardous substances or petroleum products.
• equitable lien—a lien that is enlarged to cover any additional credit extended to the debtor to the same creditor.
• execution lien—a lien on property seized by levy of execution.
• factor's lien—a lien, usually statutory, on property held on consignment by a factor.
• first lien—a lien that takes priority over all other encumbrances over the same property.
• floating lien (United States)—a lien that is expanded to cover any additional property that is acquired by the lienee while the debt is outstanding (in common-law countries, see Floating charge).
• garnishment lien—a lien on the debtor's property held by a garnishee.
• general lien—a possessory lien by which the lien holder may retain any of the debtor's goods in the lien holder's possession until any debt due from the debtor, whether in connection with the retained goods or otherwise, has been paid. Factors, insurance brokers, packers, stockbrokers and banker's liens are all usually general liens.
• healthcare lien (United States)—a statutory lien asserted by an HMO, insurer, medical group or independent practice association against those liable to the, also its patient in damages, to recover money paid or claim money payable for healthcare services provided (sometimes called a healthcare lien).
• hospital lien (United States)—a statutory lien asserted by a hospital to recover the costs of emergency and other ongoing medical and other services.
• hotelkeeper's lien—a possessory or statutory lien allowing an innkeeper to hold, as security for payment, personal property that a guest has brought into the hotel (also referred to as an innkeeper's lien).
• inchoate lien—a lien that may be defeated if the relevant judgment is vacated or a motion for a new trial is granted.
• involuntary lien—a lien arising without the lienee's consent.
• judgment lien—a lien imposed on a judgment debtor's non-exempt property.
• judicial lien—a lien obtained by judgment, levy, sequestration or other legal or equitable process or proceeding.
• junior lien—a lien that is junior or subordinate to another lien on the same property.
• landlord's lien—a lien which empowered a landlord to seize a tenant's property and sell it to satisfy overdue rent.
• manufacturer's lien—a statutory lien that secures payment for labour or materials expended in producing goods for another.
• maritime lien—see above.
• mechanic's lien—(also sometimes referred to as an artisan's lien, chattel lien, construction lien, labourer's lien, in various jurisdictions).
• mineral lien-a lien on working interest that secures payment for labor or materials expended by oilfield service companies.
• mortgage lien—a lien on the mortgagor's property securing the mortgage.
• municipal lien (United States)—a lien by a municipal corporation against a property owner for the owner's proportional share of a public improvement that specifically and individually benefits the owner.
• possessory lien—a lien allowing the creditor to keep possession of the encumbered property until the debt is satisfied.
• second lien—a lien that is next in rank after a first lien on the same property.
• secret lien—a lien not appearing of record and unknown to the purchasers; a lien reserved by the vendor and kept hidden from third parties to secure the payment of goods after delivery.
• Solicitor's lien—the right of a solicitor to recover his costs from a client. It is broader than a conventional lien.
• special lien—a possessory lien by which the possessor of goods has the right to retain specific goods until a debt incurrent in connection with the goods has been paid (also referred to as a particular lien). The opposite of a general lien.
• statutory lien—a lien arising solely by force of statute.
• tax lien—a lien on property and all rights to property imposed by the taxing authority for unpaid taxes.
• vendee's lien—a buyer's lien on the purchased land as security for repayment of purchase money paid in, enforceable if the seller cannot or does not convey good title.
• vendor's lien—a seller's lien on land as security for the purchase price (sometimes called an unpaid vendor's lien).
• voluntary lien—a lien created with the lienee's consent.
• warehouser's lien—a lien for storage charges for goods stored with a bailee (sometimes called a warehouseman's lien).
• workers' compensation lien—a statutory lien, asserted by a healthcare provider, to recover the cost of emergency and ongoing medical work, usually asserted against any workers'-compensation benefits paid to a patient.

See also

• Mechanic's lien
• Security interest—lien
• Tax lien
• False lien
• Repossession
• Replevin
• Detinue

Notes

English Journal

• Complex mixtures: A critical examination of a paper by Homer et al.

• Egeland T, Fonneløp AE, Berg PR, Kent M, Lien S.SourceIKBM, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB), Norway.
• Forensic science international. Genetics.Forensic Sci Int Genet.2012 Jan;6(1):64-9. Epub 2011 Mar 22.
• DNA evidence in criminal cases may be challenging to interpret if several individuals have contributed to a DNA-mixture. The genetic markers conventionally used for forensic applications may be insufficient to resolve cases where there is a small fraction of DNA (say less than 10%) from some contrib
• PMID 21429835

• An upstream regulatory element confers orientation-independent enhancement of the TSG101 promoter activity in transformed cells.

• Hsu SF, Goan YG, Tsai HY, Lin YR, Liu RT, Cheng JT.SourceDepartment of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, 70 Lien Hai Road, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan, ROC.
• Molecular biology reports.Mol Biol Rep.2012 Jan;39(1):517-25. Epub 2011 May 10.
• Tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101), a mammalian homologue of yeast vps23, is involved in protein sorting, vesicular trafficking and maintenance of genomic integrity. Upregulation of the TSG101 gene was found in human thyroid papillary and breast tumors. Here, we define the proximal promoter of h
• PMID 21556761

Japanese Journal

• リスクと連帯

• 金山 準
• メディア・コミュニケーション研究 61, 109-119, 2011-11-25
• … Deuxièmement, la source du lien avec autrui réside précisément dans nos propres sentiments internes. …
• NAID 120003537915

• Disappearance of Lowest-Order Transmission Resonance in Ag Film of Critical Thickness

• Lu Shin-Ming,Huang Hsu-Hsing,Su Wei-Bin,Chu Pei-Hong,Chang Chia-Seng,Hsiao Hsi-Lien,Tsong Tien Tzou
• Jpn J Appl Phys 50(8), 08LB01-08LB01-5, 2011-08-25
• The quantum phenomenon of the transmission resonance can be observed in Ag films grown on a Si(111)$7{\times}7$ surface using scanning tunneling spectroscopy. It is found that the energy of the transm …
• NAID 150000057850

Related Links

• 表参道・青山の美容室でダメージレス・美髪になれる美容院 Lien。

ヘアケアするなら表参道サロン＆スパ Lien（リアン）へ。一人でも多くの方が、より きれいになり豊かな気持と笑顔で過ごし、幸せ体質になりますよーに、華のある豊かな 生活をご提供します。

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

拡張検索	「alienia」「Leishmania braziliensis」「alienatio mentis Basedowiana」
関連記事	「lie」

「alienia」

　　[★]

無脾症

関

asplenia、asplenic

「Leishmania braziliensis」

　　[★]

ブラジルリーシュマニア

「alienatio mentis Basedowiana」

　　[★] バセドウ病性精神異常

「lie」

　　[★]

• vi. (lie-lay-lain-lying)

1. 横たわる、横になる

2. 位置する、広がっている、道が通じている

3. 存在する、見いだされる

4. ～の状態にある