- 関
- levobunolol
WordNet
- a complex consisting of an organic base in association with hydrogen chloride
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2013/08/25 19:33:35」(JST)
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Levobunolol
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Systematic (IUPAC) name |
(S)-5-{[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropyl]oxy}-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one |
Clinical data |
Trade names |
Betagan |
AHFS/Drugs.com |
monograph |
MedlinePlus |
a686011 |
Pregnancy cat. |
C |
Legal status |
℞-only (US) |
Routes |
Topical (eye drops) |
Pharmacokinetic data |
Half-life |
20 hours |
Identifiers |
CAS number |
47141-42-4 Y |
ATC code |
S01ED03 |
PubChem |
CID 39468 |
DrugBank |
DB01210 |
ChemSpider |
36089 Y |
UNII |
G6317AOI7K Y |
KEGG |
D08115 Y |
ChEBI |
CHEBI:6438 Y |
ChEMBL |
CHEMBL1201237 N |
Chemical data |
Formula |
C17H25NO3 |
Mol. mass |
291.385 g/mol |
SMILES
- O=C2c1cccc(OC[C@@H](O)CNC(C)(C)C)c1CCC2
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InChI
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InChI=1S/C17H25NO3/c1-17(2,3)18-10-12(19)11-21-16-9-5-6-13-14(16)7-4-8-15(13)20/h5-6,9,12,18-19H,4,7-8,10-11H2,1-3H3/t12-/m0/s1 Y
Key:IXHBTMCLRNMKHZ-LBPRGKRZSA-N Y
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N (what is this?) (verify)
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Levobunolol (AK-Beta, Liquifilm, Betegan) is a non-selective beta blocker. It is used topically to manage glaucoma.
References[edit source | edit]
External links[edit source | edit]
- Ishibashi T, Yokoi N, Kinoshita S (2003). "Comparison of the effects of topical levobunolol and timolol solution on the human ocular surface.". Cornea 22 (8): 709–15. doi:10.1097/00003226-200311000-00001. PMID 14576520.
- Ogasawara H, Yoshida A, Fujio N, Konno S, Ishiko S (1999). "[Effect of topical levobunolol on retinal, optic nerve head, and choroidal circulation in normal volunteers]". Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi 103 (7): 544–50. PMID 10443129.
- Leung M, Grunwald J (1997). "Short-term effects of topical levobunolol on the human retinal circulation.". Eye 11 (3): 371–6. doi:10.1038/eye.1997.78. PMID 9373479.
Ophthalmologicals: antiglaucoma preparations and miotics (S01E)
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Sympathomimetics |
- Apraclonidine
- Brimonidine (+timolol)
- Clonidine
- Dipivefrine
- Epinephrine
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Parasympathomimetics |
muscarinic
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muscarinic/nicotinic
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Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
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- Demecarium
- Ecothiopate
- Stigmine (Fluostigmine
- Neostigmine
- Physostigmine)
- Paraoxon
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Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors/
(sulfonamides) |
- Acetazolamide
- Brinzolamide (+timolol)
- Diclofenamide
- Dorzolamide (+timolol)
- Methazolamide
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Beta blocking agents |
- Befunolol
- Betaxolol
- Carteolol
- Levobunolol
- Metipranolol
- Timolol
- Mepindolol
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Prostaglandin analogues (F2α) |
- Bimatoprost (+timolol)
- Latanoprost (+timolol)
- Tafluprost
- Travoprost (+timolol)
- Unoprostone
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Other agents |
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anat (g/a/p)/phys/devp/prot
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proc, drug (S1A/1E/1F/1L)
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Adrenergics
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Receptor ligands
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α1
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- Agonists: 5-FNE
- 6-FNE
- Amidephrine
- Anisodamine
- Anisodine
- Cirazoline
- Dipivefrine
- Dopamine
- Ephedrine
- Epinephrine
- Etilefrine
- Ethylnorepinephrine
- Indanidine
- Levonordefrin
- Metaraminol
- Methoxamine
- Methyldopa
- Midodrine
- Naphazoline
- Norepinephrine
- Octopamine
- Oxymetazoline
- Phenylephrine
- Phenylpropanolamine
- Pseudoephedrine
- Synephrine
- Tetrahydrozoline
Antagonists: Abanoquil
- Adimolol
- Ajmalicine
- Alfuzosin
- Amosulalol
- Arotinolol
- Atiprosin
- Benoxathian
- Buflomedil
- Bunazosin
- Carvedilol
- CI-926
- Corynanthine
- Dapiprazole
- DL-017
- Domesticine
- Doxazosin
- Eugenodilol
- Fenspiride
- GYKI-12,743
- GYKI-16,084
- Hydroxyzine
- Indoramin
- Ketanserin
- L-765,314
- Labetalol
- Mephendioxan
- Metazosin
- Monatepil
- Moxisylyte
- Naftopidil
- Nantenine
- Neldazosin
- Nicergoline
- Niguldipine
- Pelanserin
- Phendioxan
- Phenoxybenzamine
- Phentolamine
- Piperoxan
- Prazosin
- Quinazosin
- Ritanserin
- RS-97,078
- SGB-1,534
- Silodosin
- SL-89.0591
- Spiperone
- Talipexole
- Tamsulosin
- Terazosin
- Tibalosin
- Tiodazosin
- Tipentosin
- Tolazoline
- Trimazosin
- Upidosin
- Urapidil
- Zolertine
- Note that many TCAs, TeCAs, antipsychotics, ergolines, and some piperazines like buspirone and trazodone all antagonize α1-adrenergic receptors as well, which contributes to their side effects such as orthostatic hypotension.
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α2
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- Agonists: (R)-3-Nitrobiphenyline
- 4-NEMD
- 6-FNE
- Amitraz
- Apraclonidine
- Brimonidine
- Cannabivarin
- Clonidine
- Detomidine
- Dexmedetomidine
- Dihydroergotamine
- Dipivefrine
- Dopamine
- Ephedrine
- Ergotamine
- Epinephrine
- Esproquin
- Etilefrine
- Ethylnorepinephrine
- Guanabenz
- Guanfacine
- Guanoxabenz
- Levonordefrin
- Lofexidine
- Medetomidine
- Methyldopa
- Mivazerol
- Naphazoline
- Norepinephrine
- Oxymetazoline
- Phenylpropanolamine
- Piperoxan
- Pseudoephedrine
- Rilmenidine
- Romifidine
- Talipexole
- Tetrahydrozoline
- Tizanidine
- Tolonidine
- Urapidil
- Xylazine
- Xylometazoline
Antagonists: 1-PP
- Adimolol
- Aptazapine
- Atipamezole
- BRL-44408
- Buflomedil
- Cirazoline
- Efaroxan
- Esmirtazapine
- Fenmetozole
- Fluparoxan
- GYKI-12,743
- GYKI-16,084
- Idazoxan
- Mianserin
- Mirtazapine
- MK-912
- NAN-190
- Olanzapine
- Phentolamine
- Phenoxybenzamine
- Piperoxan
- Piribedil
- Rauwolscine
- Rotigotine
- SB-269,970
- Setiptiline
- Spiroxatrine
- Sunepitron
- Tolazoline
- Yohimbine
* Note that many atypical antipsychotics and azapirones like buspirone (via metabolite 1-PP) antagonize α2-adrenergic receptors as well.
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β
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Reuptake inhibitors
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NET
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- Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors: Amedalin
- Atomoxetine (Tomoxetine)
- Ciclazindol
- Daledalin
- Edivoxetine
- Esreboxetine
- Lortalamine
- Mazindol
- Nisoxetine
- Reboxetine
- Talopram
- Talsupram
- Tandamine
- Viloxazine; Norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors: Amineptine
- Bupropion (Amfebutamone)
- Fencamine
- Fencamfamine
- Lefetamine
- Levophacetoperane
- LR-5182
- Manifaxine
- Methylphenidate
- Nomifensine
- O-2172
- Radafaxine; Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors: Bicifadine
- Desvenlafaxine
- Duloxetine
- Eclanamine
- Levomilnacipran
- Milnacipran
- Sibutramine
- Venlafaxine; Serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors: Brasofensine
- Diclofensine
- DOV-102,677
- DOV-21,947
- DOV-216,303
- JNJ-7925476
- JZ-IV-10
- Methylnaphthidate
- Naphyrone
- NS-2359
- PRC200-SS
- SEP-225,289
- SEP-227,162
- Tesofensine; Tricyclic antidepressants: Amitriptyline
- Butriptyline
- Cianopramine
- Clomipramine
- Desipramine
- Dosulepin
- Doxepin
- Imipramine
- Lofepramine
- melitracen
- Nortriptyline
- Protriptyline
- Trimipramine; Tetracyclic antidepressants: Amoxapine
- Maprotiline
- Mianserin
- Oxaprotiline
- Setiptiline; Others: Cocaine
- CP-39,332
- Ethanol
- EXP-561
- Fezolamine
- Ginkgo biloba
- Indeloxazine
- Nefazodone
- Nefopam
- Pridefrine
- Tapentadol
- Tedatioxetine
- Teniloxazine
- Tofenacin
- Tramadol
- Ziprasidone
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VMAT
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- Ibogaine
- Reserpine
- Tetrabenazine
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Enzyme inhibitors
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Anabolism
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PAH
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TH
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- 3-Iodotyrosine
- Aquayamycin
- Bulbocapnine
- Metirosine
- Oudenone
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AAAD
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- Benserazide
- Carbidopa
- DFMD
- Genistein
- Methyldopa
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DBH
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- Bupicomide
- Disulfiram
- Dopastin
- Fusaric acid
- Nepicastat
- Phenopicolinic acid
- Tropolone
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PNMT
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- CGS-19281A
- SKF-64139
- SKF-7698
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Catabolism
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MAO
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- Nonselective: Benmoxin
- Caroxazone
- Echinopsidine
- Furazolidone
- Hydralazine
- Indantadol
- Iproclozide
- Iproniazid
- Isocarboxazid
- Isoniazid
- Linezolid
- Mebanazine
- Metfendrazine
- Nialamide
- Octamoxin
- Paraxazone
- Phenelzine
- Pheniprazine
- Phenoxypropazine
- Pivalylbenzhydrazine
- Procarbazine
- Safrazine
- Tranylcypromine; MAO-A selective: Amiflamine
- Bazinaprine
- Befloxatone
- Befol
- Brofaromine
- Cimoxatone
- Clorgiline
- Esuprone
- Harmala alkaloids (Harmine,
- Harmaline
- Tetrahydroharmine
- Harman
- Norharman, etc)
- Methylene blue
- Metralindole
- Minaprine
- Moclobemide
- Pirlindole
- Sercloremine
- Tetrindole
- Toloxatone
- Tyrima; MAO-B selective:
- Ladostigil
- Lazabemide
- Milacemide
- Mofegiline
- Pargyline
- Rasagiline
- Safinamide
- Selegiline (also D-Deprenyl)
* Note that MAO-B inhibitors also influence norepinephrine/epinephrine levels since they inhibit the breakdown of their precursor dopamine.
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COMT
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- Entacapone
- Nitecapone
- Tolcapone
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Others
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Precursors
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- L-Phenylalanine → L-Tyrosine → L-DOPA (Levodopa) → Dopamine
- L-DOPS (Droxidopa)
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Cofactors
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- Ferrous Iron (Fe2+)
- S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine
- Vitamin B3 (Niacin
- Nicotinamide → NADPH)
- Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine
- Pyridoxamine
- Pyridoxal → Pyridoxal Phosphate)
- Vitamin B9 (Folic acid → Tetrahydrofolic acid)
- Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid)
- Zinc (Zn2+)
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Others
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- Activity enhancers: BPAP
- PPAP; Release blockers: Bethanidine
- Bretylium
- Guanadrel
- Guanazodine
- Guanclofine
- Guanethidine
- Guanoxan; Toxins: 6-OHDA
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List of adrenergic drugs
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Intraocular pressure-lowering effect of oral paracetamol and its in vitro corneal penetration properties.
- Mohamed N, Meyer D.SourceDivision of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.).Clin Ophthalmol.2013;7:219-27. doi: 10.2147/OPTH.S38473. Epub 2013 Jan 30.
- BACKGROUND: Several studies have confirmed the ability of cannabinoids to reduce intraocular pressure. Experimental data recently demonstrated unequivocally that the analgesic effect of paracetamol is due to its indirect action on cannabinoid receptors. The question then arises as to whether paracet
- PMID 23390358
- Effects of anti-glaucoma drugs on resistive index of the medial long posterior ciliary artery using color Doppler imaging in Beagle dogs.
- Choi H, Lee Y, Yeon S, Lee H, Lee H.SourceDepartment of Veterinary Medical Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea.
- Journal of veterinary science.J Vet Sci.2011 Mar;12(1):99-101.
- Color Doppler imaging (CDI) was carried out to evaluate the effects of anti-glaucoma drugs on ophthalmic circulation using CDI-derived resistive index (RI) values. CDI was performed on nine Beagle dogs, and RI values were calculated for the medial long posterior ciliary artery before and after the a
- PMID 21368570
- Effects of topical 0.5% levobunolol alone or in association with 2% dorzolamide compared with a fixed combination of 0.5% timolol and 2% dorzolamide on intraocular pressure and heart rate in dogs without glaucoma.
- Scardillo A, Pugliese M, De Majo M, Niutta PP, Pugliese A.SourceDepartment of Veterinary Public Health, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, University of Messina, Italy. scardale2002@yahoo.it
- Veterinary therapeutics : research in applied veterinary medicine.Vet Ther.2010 Fall;11(3):E1-6.
- The goal of glaucoma management is to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) and maintain it at a level compatible with the health of the optic nerve. New therapies are constantly being sought. Topical instillation of levobunolol 0.5%, alone or with dorzolamide 2%, has a hypotensive effect on the IOP in
- PMID 20960417
Japanese Journal
- 塩酸レボブノロールの点眼回数切り替えによる眼圧下降効果の検討 (特集 第61回日本臨床眼科学会講演集(6))
- 塩酸レボブノロール点眼液の点眼回数の切り替えによる比較
- 深水 真,江連 司,井上 賢治,若倉 雅登,井上 治郎,富田 剛司
- 日本眼科紀要 = Folia ophthalmologica Japonica 57(1), 39-43, 2006-01-28
- NAID 10017994941
- 塩酸レボブノロール点眼液とラタノプロスト点眼液の併用による眼圧下降効果
- 原 浩昭,白柏 基宏,福地 健郎,須田 生英子,阿部 春樹,山崎 芳夫,木村 泰朗,川端 紀穂,大山 晃弘,宮田 博,園田 日出男,今井 晃
- 緑内障 = Journal of Japan Glaucoma Society 15(1), 63-67, 2005-09-05
- NAID 10017292232
Related Links
- le·vo·bu·no·lol hy·dro·chlor·ide (lē'vō-byū'nō-lol hī'drō-klōr'īd), A β-adrenergic blocking agent used primarily as an eye drop in the treatment of chronic open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. le·vo·bu·no·lol hydrochloride (lē′vō ...
- Levobunolol Hydrochloride reference guide for safe and effective use from the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (AHFS DI). ... Comparative Pricing This pricing information is subject to change at the sole discretion of ...
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塩酸塩、ハイドロクロライド