WordNet

learning (of values or attitudes etc.) that is incorporated within yourself (同)internalisation, incorporation
incorporate within oneself; make subjective or personal; "internalize a belief" (同)internalise, interiorize, interiorise

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/12/22 16:05:19」(JST)

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Internalization (or internalisation) has different definitions depending on the field that the term is used in. Internalization is the opposite of externalization. Generally, internalization is the process of consolidating and embedding one's own beliefs, attitudes, and values when it comes to moral behavior. The accomplishment of this may involve the deliberate use of psychoanalytical or behavioral methods.

Internalization of norms might take place following religious conversion, or in the process of the more general moral conversion of the person.^[1] Internalization is also often associated with learning (for example, learning ideas or skills) and making use of what has been learned from then on. The notion of internalization therefore also finds currency in applications in education, learning, and training, and in business and management thinking.

Psychology and sociology

In sciences such as psychology and sociology, internalization involves the integration of attitudes, values, standards and the opinions of others into one's own identity or sense of self. In psychoanalytic theory, internalization is a process involving the formation of the super ego.^[2] Many theorists believe that the internalized values of behavior implemented during early socialization are key factors in predicting a child's future moral character. The self-determination theory^[3] proposes a motivational continuum from the extrinsic to intrinsic motivation and autonomous self-regulation. Some research suggests a child's moral self starts to develop around age three.^[4] These early years of socialization may be the underpinnings of moral development in later childhood. Proponents of this theory suggest that children whose view of self is "good and moral" tend to have a developmental trajectory toward pro-social behavior and few signs of anti-social behavior.

In one child developmental study,^[5] researchers examined two key dimensions of early conscience – internalization of rules of conduct and empathic affects to others – as factors that may predict future social, adaptive and competent behavior. Data was collected from a longitudinal study of children, from two parent families, at age 25, 38, 52, 67 and 80 months. Children's internalization of each parent's rules and empathy toward each parent's simulated distress were observed at 25, 38 and 52 months. Parents and teachers rated their adaptive, competent, pro-social behavior and anti-social behavior at 80 months. The researchers found that first, both the history of the child's early internalization of parental rules and the history of his or her empathy predicted the children's competent and adaptive functioning at 80 months, as rated by parents and teachers. Second, children with stronger histories of internalization of parental rules from 25 to 52 months perceived themselves as more moral at 67 months. Third, the children that showed stronger internalization from 25 to 52 months came to see themselves as more moral and "good." These self-perceptions, in turn, predicted the way parents and teachers would rate their competent and adaptive functioning at 80 months.

Internalization as symptom

In behavioral psychology, the concept of internalization may also refer to disorders and behaviors in which a patient deals with stressors in manners not externally evident. Such disorders and behaviors include depression, anxiety, bulimia and anorexia.^[6]

Biology

In sciences such as biology, internalization is another term for endocytosis, in which molecules such as proteins are engulfed by the cell membrane and drawn into the cell.

Economics and management

In economics, internalization theory explains the practice of multinational enterprises (MNEs) to execute transactions within their organization rather than relying on an outside market. It must be cheaper for an MNE to internalize the transfer of its unique ownership advantages between countries than to do so through markets. In other words, the alternative to internalization through direct investment is some form of licensing of the firm's know-how to a firm in the target economy.

Finance

In finance, internalization can refer to several concepts. "When you place an order to buy or sell a stock, your broker has choices on where to execute your order. Instead of routing your order to a market or market-makers for execution, your broker may fill the order from the firm's own inventory – this is called 'internalization.' In this way, your broker's firm may make money on the "spread" – which is the difference between the purchase price and the sale price."^[7] For a related issue regarding trade execution, see payment for order flow.

Notes

^ Doran, Robert M. (2011), "Moral Conversion from and to" (PDF file, direct download 61.8 KB), What Does Bernard Lonergan Mean by 'Conversion'? (University of Toronto Press): 20, retrieved October 7, 2012
^ Corsini, R. (1999). The Dictionary of Psychology, USA: Taylor & Francis.
^ Deci, E. L. & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behaviour. New York, N.Y: Plenum Press.
^ Emde, R. N., Biringen, Z., Clyman, R. B. & Oppenheim, D. (1991). The Moral Self of Infancy: Affective Core and Procedural Knowledge. Developmental Review, 11, 251-270.
^ Kochanska, G., Koenig, J., Barry, R., Kim, S. & Yoon, J. (2010). Children's Conscience During Toddler and Preschool Years, Moral Self, and a Competent, Adaptive Developmental Trajectory. Developmental Psychology. Vol. 46, No. 5, 1320-1332.
^ Tandon, M.; Cardeli, E.; Luby, J. (2009). "Internalizing Disorders in Early Childhood: A Review of Depressive and Anxiety Disorders". Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America 18 (3): 593–610. doi:10.1016/j.chc.2009.03.004. PMC 3184300. PMID 19486840.
^ SEC.gov

References

Meissner, W. W. (1981), Internalization in Psychoanalysis, International Universities Press, New York.
Wallis, K. C. and J. L. Poulton (2001), Internalization: The Origins and Construction of Internal Reality, Open University Press, Buckingham and Philadelphia.
Oxford Open Learning GCSE Psychology - Module three: lesson nine.

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…is agreed to display a 1.5- to 2-fold higher affinity for insulin and may exhibit accelerated internalization . Whether the two forms differ with respect to kinase activity is unclear . The role of receptor …
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… The mechanism for secretin receptor internalization is distinct from that used by prototypical Class I GPCRs . The specific mechanism for receptor internalization suggests that novel proteins may be involved…
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…thereby releasing the carboxyterminal third of the molecule . The in vitro demonstration of internalization of SAA by macrophages, followed by intracellular proteolysis, and later by release of amyloidogenic …
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English Journal

Enhancement of tumor uptake and therapeutic efficacy of EGFR-targeted antibody cetuximab and antibody-drug conjugates by cholesterol sequestration.

Chen Y1, Liu G, Guo L, Wang H, Fu Y, Luo Y.
International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer.Int J Cancer.2015 Jan 1;136(1):182-94. doi: 10.1002/ijc.28950. Epub 2014 May 14.
Cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), has been intensively investigated as a promising cancer treatment strategy. The specific mechanism of cetuximab endocytosis and its influence on cetuximab uptake, biodistribution and efficacy still remain e
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HPV Binding Assay to Laminin-332/Integrin α6β4 on Human Keratinocytes.

Brendle SA1, Christensen ND.
Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.).Methods Mol Biol.2015;1249:53-66. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2013-6_4.
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) have been shown to bind to Laminin-332 (Ln-332) on the extracellular matrix (ECM) secreted by human keratinocytes. The assay described here is an important tool to study HPV receptor binding to the ECM. The assay can also be modified to study the receptors required for
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Cell-Internalization SELEX: Method for Identifying Cell-Internalizing RNA Aptamers for Delivering siRNAs to Target Cells.

Thiel WH1, Thiel KW, Flenker KS, Bair T, Dupuy AJ, McNamara JO 2nd, Miller FJ, Giangrande PH.
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After a decade of work to address cellular uptake, the principal obstacle to RNAi-based therapeutics, there is now well-deserved, renewed optimism about RNAi-based drugs. Phase I and II studies have shown safe, strong, and durable-gene knockdown (80-90 %, lasting for a month after a single injection
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文化人類学 79(2), 104-123, 2014-09-30
現代の先住ハワイ人社会では、伝統的な養取慣行であるハーナイが、アメリカ政府主導の養子縁組制度の枠内で行われている状況がある。つまり、伝統的な養取の枠組みを失ってもなお、ハワイにおける養取は「ハーナイ」の名のもとに行われ、伝統的な価値体系と結び付けられ現代に続いているのである。本稿では、西洋由来の制度のなかで新たに構築される「伝統的概念」に焦点をあて、それを通じていかにハワイの伝統的価値体系さらには …
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リンク元	「内部移行」「internalize」「インターナリゼーション」
拡張検索	「receptor internalization」「receptor internalization and degradation」