内部関係者、インサイダー

WordNet

an officer of a corporation or others who have access to private information about the corporations operations
buying or selling corporate stock by a corporate officer or other insider on the basis of information that has not been made public and is supposed to remain confidential
important information about the plans or condition of a corporation that has not been released to the public; use for personal profit is illegal
relating to or being on the side closer to the center or within a defined space; "he reached into his inside jacket pocket"; "inside out"; "an inside pitch is between home plate and the batter"
the inner or enclosed surface of something (同)interior
the region that is inside of something (同)interior
within a building; "in winter we play inside" (同)indoors
confined to an exclusive group; "privy to inner knowledge"; "inside information"; "privileged information" (同)inner, privileged
on the inside; "inside, the car is a mess" (同)within
away from the outer edge; "an inner lahne"; "the inside lane"
being or applying to the inside of a building; "an inside wall"

PrepTutorEJDIC

内部の人,会員,部員 / 《話》内幕を知っている人,消息通
《the~》(物事の)『内部,内側』;内面 / 《しばしば複数形で》《話》おなか,腹 / 『内部の』,内側の;内面の;秘密の;(野球で)内角の / 『中へ』(で),屋内で(に)(indoors) / 『…の中で』(に,へ) / …以内に

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/08/23 21:11:04」(JST)

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An insider is a member of any group of people of limited number and generally restricted access. The term is used in the context of secret, privileged, hidden or otherwise esoteric information or knowledge: an insider is a "member of the gang" and as such knows things only people in the gang know.

In our complicated and information-rich world, the concept of insider knowledge is popular and pervasive, as a source of direct and useful guidance. In a given situation, an insider is contrasted with an outside expert: the expert can provide an in-depth theoretical analysis that should lead to a practical opinion, while an insider has firsthand, material knowledge. Insider information may be thought of as more accurate and valuable than expert opinion.

Roles

There are many popular cultural roles ascribed to the insider.

In criminal and social justice, whistle-blowing and leaks are seen as (often heroic) efforts of individual insiders to right wrongs by making secret information public, usually in David and Goliath situations (e.g. by revealing transgressions of governments, large corporations or other powerful organizations). When whistle-blowers are cultivated by outside forces, they are known as informants and informers.

In finance, insider trading on the stock market is widely thought of as a means of rapidly increasing wealth for the privileged few who have access to private business information. This is at times perceived as profiting unfairly at the expense of others. Some forms of insider trading are illegal.

In everyday life, insider knowledge is seen as a source of practical information that is contrary to the standard or official advice, delivered in the form of tips from insiders in a wide range of industries. Industry insiders tell outsiders what really goes on behind the scenes, so that they can take advantage of that knowledge. Related to this is personal insider access, where advantageous info can be gained through "knowing someone" ("I'll find out what really goes on from my brother the cop, or my aunt the judge, or my friend who works in accounting").

In business, tips take the form of insider knowledge used by individuals and companies, often away from the view of the public. Jobs and contracts, while openly advertised, in fact go to people based on exchanges of various inside info between key parties. Here, the insider channels can themselves be revealed to a wider audience by other insiders.

A variation of this is the insider-versus-expert authority conflict, where the uncredentaled, "non-expert" insider has a better functional knowledge of a situation, based on "how things really work", than the outside experts, whose expertise is often embodied in a set of rules. For example, there is the farmer who sees folly in new agricultural regulations created by a team of government experts without firsthand farming experience. Or the office staff that keeps a business running smoothly by unofficially ignoring and working around impractical rules devised by management consultants.

In the media, investigative reports, exposés and inside stories are popular genres that usually rely on insiders speaking out, with results ranging from the trivial to the monumentally whistle-blowing.

Definitions

Insider is a fluid term: depending on the usage, it can have strongly positive, negative, or neutral connotations. It is probably safe to say that in all contexts, being an insider implies relatively great, if fleeting, personal power, and therefore engenders some form of respect, and in certain situations, fear.

Active participation is a defining factor: being a witness alone does not make a person an insider. An insider is usually one who is privy to, not simply facts and procedures, but also the day-to-day working relationships and dynamics of people in a group.

Underlying the concept of the insider is a widespread belief, and fact, that in most human social activities, there are two simultaneous, intertwined systems or processes at work: the "way things seem" and the "way they really are". In any one situation, the way things seem may or may not actually be how things work most of the time, but there is always some significant deviation, usually through the clandestine activity of small numbers of individuals within the larger group. Revealing these activities is the role of the insider.

In this way, an insider comes into existence only on or near the act of revealing what they know to an outside party. The majority of people have some area of insider knowledge, but they only become insiders when tapped for that information.

In law, a formal value is assigned to insider knowledge when it is cited to qualify a person as an expert witness. It is also recognized in intelligence and law enforcement, when insiders are deliberately created in the form of deep cover spies and undercover officers, to obtain knowledge not available through surveillance and investigation.

Two broad classes of insider are commonly recognized: those who are principal players in close-knit groups with specific objectives (e.g. the upper management of a corporation; members of a secret society), and participants in a general area of endeavour, such as a particular industry or profession, a company, or a government department (e.g. a lawyer, an employee of XYZ Inc., a postal worker).

Media

A casual survey of popular English-language titles indicates the prevalence and popularity of the insider concept in contemporary media:

AppleInsider^[1] - "Reports, inside information, and rumors." Web site for followers of Apple Computer.
E! True Hollywood Story^[2] - "Want the inside scoop on Tinseltown's steamiest secrets? Watch E!'s Emmy-nominated documentary series for the real Story..." Highly popular US TV series.
The Insider (1999) - Based-on-a-true-story, big budget Hollywood feature film chronicles the efforts of Jeffrey Wigand a tobacco industry whistle-blower and a failure to report at CBS News.

References

^ Appleinsider.com
^ Eonline.com

English Journal

Research challenges and lessons learned from conducting community-based research with the hmong community.

Kue J1, Thorburn S2, Keon KL3.
Health promotion practice.Health Promot Pract.2015 May;16(3):411-8. doi: 10.1177/1524839914561515. Epub 2014 Dec 1.
BACKGROUND: Conducting research with underserved communities with little exposure to research presents a number of challenges and opportunities. Our study used a community-based approach to better understand factors that influence breast and cervical cancer screening among Hmong women.OBJECTIVE: Thi
PMID 25445983

Environmental barriers and supports to everyday participation: a qualitative insider perspective from people with disabilities.

Hammel J1, Magasi S2, Heinemann A3, Gray DB4, Stark S5, Kisala P6, Carlozzi NE7, Tulsky D8, Garcia SF9, Hahn EA10.
Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.Arch Phys Med Rehabil.2015 Apr;96(4):578-88. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2014.12.008.
OBJECTIVE: To describe environmental factors that influence participation of people with disabilities.DESIGN: Constant comparative, qualitative analyses of transcripts from 36 focus groups across 5 research projects.SETTING: Home, community, work, and social participation settings.PARTICIPANTS: Comm
PMID 25813890

The role of the health physicist in nuclear security.

Waller EJ1, van Maanen J.
Health physics.Health Phys.2015 Apr;108(4):468-76. doi: 10.1097/HP.0000000000000258.
Health physics is a recognized safety function in the holistic context of the protection of workers, members of the public, and the environment against the hazardous effects of ionizing radiation, often generically designated as radiation protection. The role of the health physicist as protector dat
PMID 25706142

Case management insider. C-suite executives: the final frontier for hospital case management.

Cesta T.
Hospital case management : the monthly update on hospital-based care planning and critical paths.Hosp Case Manag.2015 Mar;23(3):31-4.
In order to sit at the table with your organization's leadership and make credible arguments and a sound business case for the resources you may need tomove your department forward, remember that you need to be as well versed as you possibly can be. Anecdotal thoughts and opinions will not get you t
PMID 25730959

Japanese Journal

DIAMOND Chain Store Topline Insider ファミリーマート+ユニーGHD/セブン&アイ+万代流通大再編の火蓋! : 大手小売業がM&A攻勢

山田一郎,森本守人,下田健司
Diamond chain store = ダイヤモンド・チェーンストア 46(6), 6-9, 2015-04-01
NAID 40020447219

初期銀行業と地域産業発展 : 18~19世紀イギリス地方銀行におけるインサイダー・レンディング

陶山悠紀美
立教経済学論叢 (80), 31-56, 2015-02
NAID 40020388656

Hidden Credential Retrieval, Revisited

,
IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences E98.A(1), 428-433, 2015
Hidden Credential Retrieval (HCR) protocols are designed for access credentials management where users who remember short passwords can retrieve his/her various credentials (access keys and tokens) wi …
NAID 130004770911

An Offline Dictionary Attack against Abdalla and Pointchevals Key Exchange in the Password-Only Three-Party Setting

, , ,
IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences E98.A(1), 424-427, 2015
… A key challenge in designing three-party PAKE protocols is to prevent insider dictionary attacks, as evidenced by the flaws discovered in many published protocols. … In this letter, we revisit Abdalla and Pointchevals three-party PAKE protocol from FC 2005 and demonstrate that this protocol, named 3PAKE, is vulnerable to a previously unpublished insider offline dictionary attack. …
NAID 130004770904