WordNet

happening or arising without apparent external cause; "spontaneous laughter"; "spontaneous combustion"; "a spontaneous abortion" (同)self-generated
(of diseases) arising from an unknown cause; "idiopathic epilepsy"
abnormal presence of air in the pleural cavity resulting in the collapse of the lung; may be spontaneous (due to injury to the chest) or induced (as a treatment for tuberculosis)

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We would like to emphasize a few points in response to the letter from Johannesma PC et al.

Fabre A1, Borie R, Debray MP, Crestani B, Danel C.
Histopathology.Histopathology.2014 Mar 28. doi: 10.1111/his.12425. [Epub ahead of print]
While most studies into BHD syndrome have investigated the prevalence of pneumothorax amongst FLCN mutation carriers (estimated between 24% to 38%) (1,2,3) probabilistically, given the rarity, albeit likely underestimated prevalence of BHD in the general population, idiopathic pneumothorax remains t
PMID 24684583

Schneider F1, Murali R, Veraldi KL, Tazelaar HD, Leslie KO.
Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine.Arch Pathol Lab Med.2014 Feb;138(2):257-65. doi: 10.5858/arpa.2013-0091-RA.
CONTEXT: Patients with pneumothorax occasionally require limited lung resections to control persistent air leaks. In some patients, especially smokers, histopathologic findings suggest that a ruptured bulla or bleb caused the pneumothorax. Other patients only exhibit histopathologic changes related
PMID 24476522

Pneumothorax in women of child-bearing age: an update classification based on clinical and pathologic findings.

Legras A, Mansuet-Lupo A, Rousset-Jablonski C, Bobbio A, Magdeleinat P, Roche N, Regnard JF, Gompel A, Damotte D, Alifano M.
Chest.Chest.2014 Feb;145(2):354-60. doi: 10.1378/chest.13-1284.
BACKGROUND: A significant percentage of pneumothorax in women is due to thoracic endometriosis. Pathophysiologic mechanisms continue to be debated, and pathologic aspects are poorly known.METHODS: Clinical and pathologic records of all consecutive women of reproductive age operated on for pneumothor
PMID 24091546

Efficacy of Blood-Patch Pleurodesis for Secondary Spontaneous Pneumothorax in Interstitial Lung Disease

, , , , , , , , , , ,
Internal Medicine 50(11), 1157-1162, 2011
… Objective We identified the prognostic relevance of pneumothorax in interstitial lung disease (ILD) patients and evaluated the efficacy and safety of autologous blood-patch pleurodesis. … Methods We retrospectively reviewed 59 occurrences of pneumothorax in 34 ILD patients identified over a 12-year period. …
NAID 130000770466

古市基彦,村松高,四万村三惠,西井竜彦,竹下伸二,石本真一郎,諸岡宏明,櫻井健一,天野定雄,大森一光,塩野元美
日大医学雑誌 68(2), 141-144, 2009
症例は 72 歳の男性．慢性腎不全で透析を受けていた．胸部違和感と労作時の呼吸苦を主訴に胸部 X 線写真を行い，右肺の虚脱を認めため，直ちに胸腔ドレナージを行った．ドレナージ直後より肺の膨張は良好で気漏も認めなかったが，3 日後より著明な皮下気腫が出現した．ドレナージチューブからの空気の流出を認めなかったため，ドレーンの閉塞を考えドレナージを入れ替えたが気漏は認めなかった．胸部 CT 上，皮下気腫 …
NAID 130004548789