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Isosthenuria refers to the excretion of urine whose specific gravity (concentration) is neither greater (more concentrated) nor less (more dilute) than that of protein-free plasma, typically 1.008-1.012.[1] Isosthenuria reflects renal tubular damage/failure of renal medullary function.
A closely related term is hyposthenuria, where the urine has a relatively low specific gravity,[2] though not necessarily equal to that of plasma. Therefore, unlike isosthenuria, this condition is not associated with renal failure as the kidney tubules have altered the glomerular filtrate
Clinical significance
This is such disease states as chronic and acute kidney failure in which the kidneys lack the ability to concentrate or dilute the urine and so the initial filtrate of the blood remains unchanged despite the need to conserve or excrete water based on the body's hydration status.[3]
Sickle-cell trait, the heterozygous form of sickle-cell disease, presents with a normal hematological picture but is associated with isosthenuria.[4]
See also
References
- ^ "isosthenuria" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
- ^ "hyposthenuria" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
- ^ De Mais, Daniel. ASCP Quick Compendium of Clinical Pathology, 2nd Ed. ASCP Press, Chicago, 2009.
- ^ Gupta AK, Kirchner KA, Nicholson R, et al. Effects of alpha-thalassemia and sickle polymerization tendency on the urine-concentrating defect of individuals with sickle cell trait and increased frequency of urinary tract infections J. Clin. Invest. Vol 88, Issue 6, pgs 1963-8. Dec 1991. PMID 1752955 PMC = 295777. DOI = 10.1172/JCI115521
Components and results of urine tests (CPT 81000–81099; R80–R82, 791)
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Components |
- Albumin
- Myoglobin
- hCG
- Leukocyte esterase
- Urine pregnancy test
- Ketone bodies
- Glucose
- Urobilinogen
- Bilirubin
- Creatinine
- RBC
- WBC
- Urinary casts
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Chemical properties |
- Urine specific gravity
- Urine osmolality
- Urine pH
- Urine anion gap
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Abnormal findings |
Red blood cells |
- Hematuria (Microscopic hematuria)
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White blood cells |
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Proteinuria |
- Albuminuria/Microalbuminuria
- Myoglobinuria
- Hemoglobinuria
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Small molecules |
- Glycosuria
- Ketonuria
- Bilirubinuria
- Hyperuricosuria/Hypouricosuria
- Aminoaciduria
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Pathogens |
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Other |
- Chyluria
- Crystalluria
- osmolality (Isosthenuria, Hypersthenuria)
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Effect of hydroxyurea treatment on renal function parameters: Results from the multi-center placebo-controlled baby hug clinical trial for infants with sickle cell anemia.
- Alvarez O, Miller ST, Wang WC, Luo Z, McCarville MB, Schwartz GJ, Thompson B, Howard T, Iyer RV, Rana SR, Rogers ZR, Sarnaik SA, Thornburg CD, Ware RE; the BABY HUG Investigators.SourceDivision of Pediatric Hematology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida. oalvarez2@med.miami.edu.
- Pediatric blood & cancer.Pediatr Blood Cancer.2012 Jan 31. doi: 10.1002/pbc.24100. [Epub ahead of print]
- BACKGROUND: Children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) often develop hyposthenuria and renal hyperfiltration at an early age, possibly contributing to the glomerular injury and renal insufficiency commonly seen later in life. The Phase III randomized double-blinded Clinical Trial of Hydroxyurea in Infan
- PMID 22294512
- Central diabetes insipidus in a cat with central nervous system B cell lymphoma.
- Simpson CJ, Mansfield CS, Milne ME, Hodge PJ.SourceUniversity of Melbourne, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia. simc@unimelb.edu.au
- Journal of feline medicine and surgery.J Feline Med Surg.2011 Oct;13(10):787-92. Epub 2011 Sep 8.
- A 6-year-old male neutered cat presented with blindness, lethargy, polydipsia, hyposthenuria and severe hypernatraemia. Central diabetes insipidus was demonstrated by means of a low measured anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) concentration in the face of hypernatraemia, and clinical response to supplementa
- PMID 21906986
Japanese Journal
- 中枢性尿崩症を合併した染色体-7とinv(3)(q21q26.2)を有する急性骨髄性白血病
- 南野 智,萩原 潔通,坂部 真奈美,岡村 浩史,稲葉 晃子,永田 友貴,西本 光孝,康 秀男,中尾 吉孝,中根 孝彦,中前 博久,下野 太郎,日野 雅之
- 臨床血液 54(4), 397-402, 2013
- 症例は20歳女性。口渇,多飲,多尿が出現し,近医で白血球増多と貧血を認めたため当科に転院となった。骨髄検査ではミエロペルオキシダーゼ陽性芽球66.8%と3系統の異形成を認め,染色体検査ではinv(3)(q21q26.2), -7を認めたため,染色体-7を有したinv(3)(q21q26.2)を伴うAMLと診断した。一方,低張性多尿とADH低値を認め,髄液検査には異常所見を認めなかったが,頭部MRI …
- NAID 130004501807
- ステロイド投与により下垂体茎腫大が著明に改善したリンパ球性漏斗下垂体神経葉炎の一症例
- 板垣 英二,関 博之,下山 達宏,勝田 秀紀,田中 利明,牛川 憲司,丸山 雅弘,山口 真哉,小澤 幸彦,片平 宏,滝沢 誠,吉元 勝彦,石田 均
- 杏林医学会雑誌 39(1/2), 41-47, 2008
- 症例は33歳女性。7ヶ月前から口渇,多飲,多尿を生じ精査のため入院。多尿(5,000~8,000ml/日)と低張尿(浸透圧 113mOsm/L)を認め,血漿浸透圧は296mOsm/Lと軽度の高値を示した。尿浸透圧は飲水制限試験で上昇を認めず,ピトレッシン投与で上昇。血漿ADHは5%高張食塩水負荷試験で上昇を認めなかった。一方,下垂体前葉機能は正常に保たれていた。頭部MRIでは均一に造影される下垂体 …
- NAID 130000135258
- 繰り返す細菌性髄膜炎を契機に低Na血症をきたし,不顕性尿崩症を伴った下垂体膿瘍の一例
- 藤井 雅史,矢野 裕,勝木 顕,伊藤 邦展,土橋 健,村田 和也,後藤 浩之,中谷 中,住田 安弘,嶋 照夫
- 日本内分泌学会雑誌 72(4), 619-627, 1996-07-20
- … However, this treatment led to polyuria with hyposthenuria. …
- NAID 10009420114
Related Links
- hyposthenuria [hi″pos-thĕ-nu´re-ah] excretion of urine of low specific gravity. hy·pos·the·nu·ri·a (hī'pos-thĕ-nyū'rē-ă), Excretion of urine of low specific gravity, due to inability of the tubules of the kidneys to produce a concentrated urine ...
- Hyposthenuria information including symptoms, causes, diseases, symptoms, treatments, and other medical and health issues. ... Search Specialists by State and City
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★リンクテーブル★
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- 英
- hyposthenuria
- 関
- 等張尿、高張尿、尿
- 血清浸透圧よりも低下した状態
- 尿比重 1.010 → 尿浸透圧285-290 mOsm/kg