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pain in the head caused by dilation of cerebral arteries or muscle contractions or a reaction to drugs (同)head ache, cephalalgia

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『頭痛』 / 《話》悩みの種

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/07/11 06:17:22」(JST)

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Hypnic headaches are benign primary headaches that affect the elderly, with the average age of onset being 63 ± 11 years.^[1] They are moderate, throbbing, bilateral or unilateral headaches that wake the sufferer from sleep once or multiple times a night.^[2] They typically begin a few hours after sleep begins and can last from 15–180 min.^[3] There is normally no nausea, photophobia, phonophobia or autonomic symptoms associated with the headache. They commonly occur at the same time every night possibly linking the headaches with circadian rhythm, but polysomnography has recently revealed that the onset of hypnic headaches may be associated with REM sleep.^[1] Lithium carbonate 200–600 mg at bedtime is an effective treatment for most patients but for those that can not tolerate Lithium, Verapamil, indomethacin or methylsergilide may be tried. Two patients have also responded to flunarizine 5 mg. It has also been shown that 1–2 cups of coffee or 100–200 mg of caffeine before bed can prevent hypnic headaches.

For diagnosis of hypnic headache syndrome, headaches should occur at least 15 times per month for at least one month. Included in the differential diagnosis of a new onset nighttime headaches in the elderly is drug withdrawal, temporal arteritis, Sleep apnea, oxygen desaturated, Pheochromocytoma, intracranial causes, primary and secondary neoplasms, communicating hydrocephalus, subdural hematoma, vascular lesions, migraines, cluster headaches, chronic paroxysmal hemicrania and hypnic headache. All other causes must be ruled out before the diagnosis of hypnic headache can be made.

References

^ ^a ^b Evers S, Goadsby PJ (March 2003). "Hypnic headache: clinical features, pathophysiology, and treatment". Neurology 60 (6): 905–9. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000046582.21771.9c. PMID 12654950.
^ Gould JD, Silberstein SD (December 1997). "Unilateral hypnic headache: a case study". Neurology 49 (6): 1749–51. doi:10.1212/wnl.49.6.1749. PMID 9409389.
^ Goadsby, Peter J.; Silberstein, Stephen D.; Lipton, Richard B. (2002). Headache in clinical practice. London: Martin Dunitz. ISBN 1-901865-88-6.

"ICHD-II-Hypnic Headaches". ISH Classification.
Dalessio, Donald J.; Wolff, Harold G.; Silberstein, Stephen D.; Lipton, Richard B. (2001). Wolff's headache and other head pain. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-513518-0.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 原発性頭痛 hypnic headache
2. 慢性連日性頭痛の概要 overview of chronic daily headache
3. 片頭痛以外の頭痛症候群 headache syndromes other than migraine
4. 薬物乱用頭痛：病因、臨床的特徴、および診断 medication overuse headache etiology clinical features and diagnosis

English Journal

Eating Disorders in Adolescents With Chronic Pain.

Sim LA, Lebow J, Weiss K, Harrison T, Bruce B.
Journal of pediatric health care : official publication of National Association of Pediatric Nurse Associates & Practitioners.J Pediatr Health Care.2017 Jan - Feb;31(1):67-74. doi: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2016.03.001. Epub 2016 Mar 25.
INTRODUCTION: Given that youth with chronic pain frequently experience disruptions in eating patterns that may place them at risk for disordered eating, the purpose of this study was to examine the clinical characteristics and illness course of adolescents with chronic pain and comorbid eating disor
PMID 27021242

An unsuspected cause of hypnic-like headache.

Fonseca M1,2, Teotónio P3,2, Fonseca AC4,5,6,7.
Journal of neurology.J Neurol.2016 Dec 27. doi: 10.1007/s00415-016-8376-9. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID 28028625

Efficacy and safety of enteric coated capsules of anise oil to treat irritable bowel syndrome.

Mosaffa-Jahromi M1, Lankarani KB2, Pasalar M3, Afsharypuor S4, Tamaddon AM5.
Journal of ethnopharmacology.J Ethnopharmacol.2016 Dec 24;194:937-946. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.083. Epub 2016 Nov 1.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Anise is a well-recognized plant in Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM) sources. Anise oil has been suggested for the treatment of bowel disorders in Persian medical textbooks. Based on TPM scholars, this ingredient has a favorable effect on gastrointestinal diseases.
PMID 27815079