過敏性反応
WordNet
- (mechanics) the equal and opposite force that is produced when any force is applied to a body; "every action has an equal and opposite reaction"
- a response that reveals a persons feelings or attitude; "he was pleased by the audiences reaction to his performance"; "John feared his mothers reaction when she saw the broken lamp"
- a bodily process occurring due to the effect of some antecedent stimulus or agent; "a bad reaction to the medicine"; "his responses have slowed with age" (同)response
- doing something in opposition to another way of doing it that you dont like; "his style of painting was a reaction against cubism"
- an idea evoked by some experience; "his reaction to the news was to start planning what to do"
- extreme conservatism in political or social matters; "the forces of reaction carried the election"
- pathological sensitivity
- extreme sensitivity
PrepTutorEJDIC
- {名}(…に対する)『反応』《+『to』+『名』》 / 〈U〉(…に対する)(政治的・社会的な)『反動』,逆コース《+『against』+『名』》 / 〈U〉〈C〉化学反応,化学変化 / 〈U〉〈C〉(物理学で)反作用
- 過敏,過敏症
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/05/28 06:40:09」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
For other uses, see Hypersensitivity (disambiguation).
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This article needs more medical references for verification or relies too heavily on primary sources. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please review the contents of the article and add the appropriate references if you can. Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2013) |
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| Hypersensitivity |
| Classification and external resources |
| Specialty |
Allergy and immunology |
| ICD-10 |
T78.4 |
| ICD-9-CM |
995.3 |
| DiseasesDB |
28827 |
| MeSH |
D006967 |
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[edit on Wikidata]
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Hypersensitivity (also called hypersensitivity reaction or intolerance) is a set of undesirable reactions produced by the normal immune system, including allergies and autoimmunity. These reactions may be damaging, uncomfortable, or occasionally fatal. Hypersensitivity reactions require a pre-sensitized (immune) state of the host. They are classified in four groups after the proposal of P. G. H. Gell and Robin Coombs in 1963.[1]
Contents
- 1 Coombs and Gell classification
- 2 See also
- 3 References
- 4 External links
Coombs and Gell classification
Comparison of hypersensitivity types
| Type |
Alternative names |
Often mentioned disorders |
Mediators |
Description |
| I |
Allergy (immediate) |
|
|
Fast response which occurs in minutes, rather than multiple hours or days. Free antigens cross link the IgE on mast cells and basophils which causes a release of vasoactive biomolecules.
Testing can be done via skin test for specific IgE.[2]
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| II |
Cytotoxic, antibody-dependent |
- Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
- Rheumatic heart disease
- Thrombocytopenia
- Erythroblastosis fetalis
- Goodpasture's syndrome
- Graves' disease *see type V explanation below
- Myasthenia gravis *see type V explanation below
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- IgM or IgG
- (Complement)
- MAC
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Antibody (IgM or IgG) binds to antigen on a target cell, which is actually a host cell that is perceived by the immune system as foreign, leading to cellular destruction via the MAC.
Testing includes both the direct and indirect Coombs test.[3]
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| III |
Immune complex disease |
- Serum sickness
- Arthus reaction
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis
- Membranous nephropathy
- Lupus nephritis
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
- Extrinsic allergic alveolitis (hypersensitivity pneumonitis)
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- IgG
- (Complement)
- Neutrophils
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Antibody (IgG) binds to soluble antigen, forming a circulating immune complex. This is often deposited in the vessel walls of the joints and kidney, initiating a local inflammatory reaction.[4] |
| IV |
Delayed-type hypersensitivity,[2][3] cell-mediated immune memory response, antibody-independent |
- Contact dermatitis, including Urushiol-induced contact dermatitis (poison ivy rash).
- Mantoux test
- Chronic transplant rejection
- Multiple sclerosis[5]
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Helper T cells (specifically Th1 helper t cells) are activated by an antigen presenting cell. When the antigen is presented again in the future, the memory Th1 cells will activate macrophages and cause an inflammatory response. This ultimately can lead to tissue damage.[6] |
| V |
Autoimmune disease, receptor mediated (see below) |
- Graves' disease
- Myasthenia gravis
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|
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Type V
This is an additional type that is sometimes (often in the UK) used as a distinction from Type 2.[7]
Instead of binding to cell surface s, the antibodies recognise and bind to the cell surface receptors, which either prevents the intended ligand binding with the receptor or mimics the effects of the ligand, thus impairing cell signaling.[citation needed]
Some clinical examples:
- Graves' disease
- Myasthenia gravis
The use of Type 5 is rare. These conditions are more frequently classified as Type 2, though sometimes they are specifically segregated into their own subcategory of Type 2.[citation needed]
See also
- Intolerance
- Supersensitivity
References
- ^ Gell PGH, Coombs RRA, eds. Clinical Aspects of Immunology. 1st ed. Oxford, England: Blackwell; 1963. Section IV, Chapter 1[page needed]
- ^ a b Black, C. A. (1999). "Delayed type hypersensitivity: Current theories with an historic perspective". Dermatology Online Journal 5 (1): 7. PMID 10673450.
- ^ a b Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions at eMedicine
- ^ Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Aster, Jon C., eds. (2014). "Hypersensitivity: Immunologicaly Mediated Tissue Injury". Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease (9th ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 200–11. ISBN 978-0-323-29635-9.
- ^ Mitchell, Richard Sheppard; Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson (2007). "Table 5-1". Robbins Basic Pathology (8th ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders. ISBN 1-4160-2973-7.
- ^ Le, Tau. First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2013, p. 203-204
- ^ Rajan, T.V. (2003). "The Gell–Coombs classification of hypersensitivity reactions: A re-interpretation". Trends in Immunology 24 (7): 376–9. doi:10.1016/S1471-4906(03)00142-X. PMID 12860528.
External links
- Hypersensitivity reactions at GPnotebook
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Consequences of external causes (T66–T78, 990–995)
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| Temperature/radiation |
- elevated temperature
- Hyperthermia
- Heat syncope
- reduced temperature
- Hypothermia
- Immersion foot syndromes
- Trench foot
- Tropical immersion foot
- Warm water immersion foot
- Chilblains
- Frostbite
- Aerosol burn
- Cold intolerance
- Acrocyanosis
- Erythrocyanosis crurum
- radiation
- Radiation poisoning
- Radiation burn
- Chronic radiation keratosis
- Eosinophilic, polymorphic, and pruritic eruption associated with radiotherapy
- Radiation acne
- Radiation cancer
- Radiation recall reaction
- Radiation-induced erythema multiforme
- Radiation-induced hypertrophic scar
- Radiation-induced keloid
- Radiation-induced morphea
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|
| Air |
- Hypoxia/Asphyxia
- Barotrauma
- Aerosinusitis
- Decompression sickness
- High altitude
- Altitude sickness
- Chronic mountain sickness
- HAPE
- HACE
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| Food |
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| Maltreatment |
- Physical abuse
- Sexual abuse
- Psychological abuse
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| Travel |
- Motion sickness
- Seasickness
- Airsickness
- Space adaptation syndrome
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|
| Adverse effect |
- Hypersensitivity
- Anaphylaxis
- Angioedema
- Allergy
- Arthus reaction
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| Other |
- Electric shock
- Drowning
- Lightning injury
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Ungrouped
skin conditions
resulting from
physical factors |
- Dermatosis neglecta
- Pinch mark
- Pseudoverrucous papules and nodules
- Sclerosing lymphangiitis
- Tropical anhidrotic asthenia
- UV-sensitive syndrome
- environmental skin conditions
- Electrical burn
- frictional/traumatic/sports
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- Black heel and palm
- Equestrian perniosis
- Jogger's nipple
- Pulling boat hands
- Runner's rump
- Surfer's knots
- Tennis toe
- Vibration white finger
- Weathering nodule of ear
- Wrestler's ear
- Coral cut
- Painful fat herniation
- Uranium dermatosis
- iv use
-
- Skin pop scar
- Skin track
- Slap mark
- Pseudoacanthosis nigricans
- Narcotic dermopathy
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Immune disorders: Lymphoid and complement immunodeficiency (D80–D85, 279.0–4)
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|
| Primary |
| Antibody/humoral (B) |
| Hypogammaglobulinemia |
- X-linked agammaglobulinemia
- Transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy
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| Dysgammaglobulinemia |
- IgA deficiency
- IgG deficiency
- IgM deficiency
- Hyper IgM syndrome (1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5)
- Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
- Hyper-IgE syndrome
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| Other |
- Common variable immunodeficiency
- ICF syndrome
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| T cell deficiency (T) |
- thymic hypoplasia: hypoparathyroid (Di George's syndrome)
- euparathyroid (Nezelof syndrome
- Ataxia telangiectasia)
peripheral: Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency
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| Severe combined (B+T) |
- x-linked: X-SCID
autosomal: Adenosine deaminase deficiency
- Omenn syndrome
- ZAP70 deficiency
- Bare lymphocyte syndrome
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| Acquired |
|
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Leukopenia:
Lymphocytopenia |
- Idiopathic CD4+ lymphocytopenia
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| Complement deficiency |
- C1-inhibitor (Angioedema/Hereditary angioedema)
- Complement 2 deficiency/Complement 4 deficiency
- MBL deficiency
- Properdin deficiency
- Complement 3 deficiency
- Terminal complement pathway deficiency
- Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
- Complement receptor deficiency
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Hypersensitivity and autoimmune diseases (279.5–6)
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Type I/allergy/atopy
(IgE) |
| Foreign |
- Atopic eczema
- Allergic urticaria
- Allergic rhinitis (Hay fever)
- Allergic asthma
- Anaphylaxis
- Food allergy
- common allergies include: Milk
- Egg
- Peanut
- Tree nut
- Seafood
- Soy
- Wheat
- Penicillin allergy
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| Autoimmune |
|
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Type II/ADCC
|
| Foreign |
- Hemolytic disease of the newborn
|
|
| Autoimmune |
| Cytotoxic |
- Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
- Immune thrombocytopenic purpura
- Bullous pemphigoid
- Pemphigus vulgaris
- Rheumatic fever
- Goodpasture's syndrome
- Guillain–Barré syndrome
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| "Type V"/receptor |
- Graves' disease
- Myasthenia gravis
- Pernicious anemia
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|
|
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Type III
(Immune complex) |
| Foreign |
- Henoch–Schönlein purpura
- Hypersensitivity vasculitis
- Reactive arthritis
- Farmer's lung
- Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
- Serum sickness
- Arthus reaction
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| Autoimmune |
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
- Subacute bacterial endocarditis
- Rheumatoid arthritis
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Type IV/cell-mediated
(T cells) |
| Foreign |
- Allergic contact dermatitis
- Mantoux test
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| Autoimmune |
- Diabetes mellitus type 1
- Hashimoto's thyroiditis
- Multiple sclerosis
- Coeliac disease
- Giant-cell arteritis
- Postorgasmic illness syndrome
- Reactive arthritis
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| GVHD |
- Transfusion-associated graft versus host disease
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|
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Unknown/
multiple |
| Foreign |
- Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
- Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
- Transplant rejection
- Latex allergy (I+IV)
|
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| Autoimmune |
- Sjögren's syndrome
- Autoimmune hepatitis
- Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome
- Autoimmune adrenalitis
- Systemic autoimmune disease
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- Biology portal
- Medicine portal
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- An extremely rare case of a glomus tumor in the popliteal fossa.
- Kawanami K1, Matsuo T1, Deie M1, Izuta Y2, Wakao N3, Kamiya M3, Hirasawa A3.
- Journal of orthopaedics.J Orthop.2016 Jul 2;13(4):313-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jor.2016.06.014. eCollection 2016.
- Glomus tumors are the benign perivascular tumors that typically present with hypersensitivity to cold, paroxysmal severe pain, and pinpoint tenderness. This tumor is usually subungual lesions and accounts for 1.6% of all soft-tissue tumors. However, extradigital glomus tumors are extremely rare and
- PMID 27408511
- Effect of DSP4 and desipramine in the sensorial and affective component of neuropathic pain in rats.
- Bravo L1, Mico JA2, Rey-Brea R3, Camarena-Delgado C3, Berrocoso E4.
- Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry.Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry.2016 Oct 3;70:57-67. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.05.002. Epub 2016 May 12.
- Previous findings suggest that neuropathic pain induces characteristic changes in the noradrenergic system that may modify the sensorial and affective dimensions of pain. We raise the hypothesis that different drugs that manipulate the noradrenergic system can modify specific domains of pain. In the
- PMID 27181607
- Association of WT1 IgG antibody against WT1 peptide with prolonged survival in glioblastoma multiforme patients vaccinated with WT1 peptide.
- Oji Y1, Hashimoto N2, Tsuboi A3, Murakami Y1, Iwai M1, Kagawa N2, Chiba Y2, Izumoto S4, Elisseeva O5, Ichinohasama R6, Sakamoto J7, Morita S8, Nakajima H9, Takashima S10, Nakae Y10, Nakata J3, Kawakami M3, Nishida S10, Hosen N1, Fujiki F9, Morimoto S9, Adachi M1, Iwamoto M1, Oka Y9,10,11, Yoshimine T2, Sugiyama H9.
- International journal of cancer.Int J Cancer.2016 Sep 15;139(6):1391-401. doi: 10.1002/ijc.30182. Epub 2016 May 31.
- We previously evaluated Wilms' tumor gene 1 (WT1) peptide vaccination in a large number of patients with leukemia or solid tumors and have reported that HLA-A*24:02 restricted, 9-mer WT1-235 peptide (CYTWNQMNL) vaccine induces cellular immune responses and elicits WT1-235-specific cytotoxic T lympho
- PMID 27170523
Japanese Journal
- Anti-allergic effect of lactic acid bacteria isolated from seed mash used for brewing sake is not dependent on the total IgE levels
- Masuda Yasuyuki,Takahashi Toshinari,Yoshida Kazutoshi [他]
- Journal of bioscience and bioengineering 114(3), 292-296, 2012-09
- NAID 40019424899
- 免疫反応への影響,過敏性肺炎の慢性化 (特集 なぜ禁煙か?) -- (喫煙の罪)
Related Links
- Immediate hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by IgE, but T and B cells play important roles in the development of these antibodies. CD4+ T-cells are divided into 3 broad classes: effector T-cells, memory T-cells, and ...
- A drug-allergic (or hypersensitivity) reaction is defined as a specific immunologic reaction to a drug. The classification and pathogenesis of drug allergies are discussed in detail separately. (See "Drug allergy: Classification and and ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- hypersensitivity reaction
[★]
- 英
- hypersensitivity reaction
[★]
I型アレルギー
- 関
- hypersensitivity reactions＆type I
[★]
III型過敏性免疫反応
[★]
- 関
- react、respond、response、responsive
[★]
アレルギー