WordNet
- used of your own ground; "a home game"
- an environment offering affection and security; "home is where the heart is"; "he grew up in a good Christian home"; "theres no place like home"
- an institution where people are cared for; "a home for the elderly" (同)nursing_home, rest home
- where you live at a particular time; "deliver the package to my home"; "he doesnt have a home to go to"; "your place or mine?" (同)place
- place where something began and flourished; "the United States is the home of basketball"
- the country or state or city where you live; "Canadian tariffs enabled United States lumber companies to raise prices at home"; "his home is New Jersey"
- inside the country; "the British Home Office has broader responsibilities than the United States Department of the Interior"; "the nations internal politics" (同)interior, internal, national
- at or to or in the direction of ones home or family; "He stays home on weekends"; "after the game the children brought friends home for supper"; "Ill be home tomorrow"; "came riding home in style"; "I hope you will come home for Christmas"; "Ill take her home"; "dont forget to write home"
- on or to the point aimed at; "the arrow struck home"
- provide with, or send to, a home
- relating to or being where one lives or where ones roots are; "my home town"
- return home accurately from a long distance; "homing pigeons"
- to the fullest extent; to the heart; "drove the nail home"; "drove his point home"; "his comments hit home"
- let eat; "range the animals in the prairie"
- a place for shooting (firing or driving) projectiles of various kinds; "the army maintains a missile range in the desert"; "any good golf club will have a range where you can practice"
- a series of hills or mountains; "the valley was between two ranges of hills"; "the plains lay just beyond the mountain range" (同)mountain_range, range of mountains, chain, mountain_chain, chain of mountains
- the limits within which something can be effective; "range of motion"; "he was beyond the reach of their fire" (同)reach
- a large tract of grassy open land on which livestock can graze; "they used to drive the cattle across the open range every spring"; "he dreamed of a home on the range"
- a variety of different things or activities; "he answered a range of questions"; "he was impressed by the range and diversity of the collection"
- lay out orderly or logically in a line or as if in a line; "lay out the clothes"; "lay out the arguments" (同)array, lay_out, set out
- change or be different within limits; "Estimates for the losses in the earthquake range as high as $2 billion"; "Interest rates run from 5 to 10 percent"; "The instruments ranged from tuba to cymbals"; "My students range from very bright to dull" (同)run
- range or extend over; occupy a certain area; "The plants straddle the entire state" (同)straddle
- have a range; be capable of projecting over a certain distance, as of a gun; "This gun ranges over two miles"
- orienting or directing homeward or to a destination; "the homing instinct"; "a homing beacon"
- wandering freely; "at night in bed...his slowly ranging thoughts...encountered her"
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 〈C〉〈U〉《おもに米》(家族の住む)『家』,住居,わが家 / 〈U〉〈C〉『家庭』,家庭生活 / 〈U〉『生まれ故郷』,長く住んでいる所;故国,本国 / 〈C〉(動物の)生息地,(植物の)原産地;(物・思想などの)発祥地,本場 / 〈C〉(家のない人・病人などの)『収容施設』,ホーム《+『for』+『名』》 / 〈U〉〈C〉決勝点,ゴール;(野球で)本塁,ホーム / 『家庭の』;故郷の / 『国内の』,自国の / ぐさりと急所をつく,胸にこたえる / (スポーツの試合などが)地元(ホームグランド)で行われる / 『家へ』(に);故郷へ(に);本国(母国)へ(に) / (ねらった所に)ずぶりと,深々と / 胸にこたえるぼと,ぎくりと / 〈人が〉帰宅(帰国)する;〈ハトなどが〉巣に帰る / 〈誘導単;飛行機などが〉(目標に)向かう,(…へ)誘導される《+『in on』+『名』》 / (特定の場所に)家を持つ,住む / 〈誘導弾・飛行機など〉‘を'誘導する / 〈人〉‘に'家を与える
- 〈U〉《時にa~》(価格・気温などの変動の)『幅』 / 〈U〉《時にa~》(知覚・知識などの)『範囲』,広がり / 〈U〉《時にa~》(銃砲・ミサイルなどの)着弾距離,射程 / 〈U〉《時a~》(航空機・船舶などの)航続距離 / 〈C〉(銃砲の)射撃場,(ミサイルナドの)試射場 / 〈C〉《米》放牧地域 / 〈C〉(山などの)列,連なり / 〈C〉(料理用の)レンジ / 〈U〉《しばしばa~》(動植物の)生息(分布)区域 / 《副詞句を伴って》(価格・気温などがある範囲内で)『変動する』,動く / (…を)さまよう,歩き回る,(…に)及ぶ《+『over』(『through』)+『名』》 / 一列(一直線)に延びている / (動植物が)分布している / 《副詞[句]を伴って》(ある状態に)…‘を'『並べて置く』,配列する,整列させる / …‘を'さまよう,歩き回る(受動態にできない) / 《米》〈家畜〉‘を'放牧地に入れる
- 家に帰る;(ハトなどが)巣にもどる / (目的地への)誘導装置をもつ / 帰ること,帰還;(ハトなどの)帰巣性
- ほう(驚き・賞賛・冷笑などの発声);お‐い(呼びかけ・注意などの発声)
- 娼婦・売春婦:(whoreの発音をくずしたもの)
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2012/11/06 22:44:57」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
Home range is the area where an animal lives and travels in. It is closely related to, but not identical with, the concept of "territory".
The concept that can be traced back to a publication in 1943 by W. H. Burt,[1] who constructed maps delineating the spatial extent or outside boundary of an animal's movement during the course of its everyday activities. Associated with the concept of a home range is the concept of a utilization distribution,[2][3] which takes the form of a two dimensional probability density function that represents the probability of finding an animal in a defined area within its home range. The home range of an individual animal is typically constructed from a set of location points that have been collected over a period of time identifying the position in space of an individual at many points in time. Such data are now collected automatically using collars placed on individuals that transmit through satellites or using mobile cellphone technology and global positioning systems (GPS) technology, at regular intervals.
The simplest way to draw the boundaries of a home range from a set of location data is to construct the smallest possible convex polygon around the data. This approach is referred to as the minimum convex polygon (MCP) method which is still widely employed,[4][5][6][7] but has many drawbacks including often overestimating the size of home ranges.[8]
The best known methods for constructing utilization distributions are the so-called bivariate Gaussian or normal distribution kernel density methods.[9][10][11] This group of methods is part of a more general group of parametric kernel methods that employ distributions other than the normal distribution as the kernel elements associated with each point in the set of location data.
Recently, the kernel approach to constructing utilization distributions was extended to include a number of nonparametric methods such as the Burgman and Fox's alpha-hull method.[12] and Getz and Wilmers local convex hull (LoCoh) method.[13] This latter method has now been extended from a purely fixed-point LoCoH method to fixed radius and adaptive point/radius LoCoH methods.[14]
Although, currently, more software is available to implement parametric than nonparametric methods (because the latter approach is newer), the cited papers by Getz et al. demonstrate that LoCoH methods generally provide more accurate estimates of home range sizes and have better convergence properties as sample size increases than parametric kernel methods.
Home range estimation methods that have been developed since 2005 include:
- LoCoH[15]
- Brownian Bridge[16]
- Line-based Kernel[17]
- GeoEllipse[18][19]
- Line-Buffer[20]
Computer packages for using parametric and nonparametric kernel methods are available online.[21][22][23][24]
See also
- Territoriality
- Dear enemy recognition
References
- ^ Burt, W. H. (1943). "Territoriality and home range concepts as applied to mammals". Journal of Mammalogy 24 (3): 346–352. JSTOR 1374834.
- ^ Jennrich, R. I.; Turner, F. B. (1969). "Measurement of non-circular home range". J. Theoretical Biology 22 (2): 227–237. doi:10.1016/0022-5193(69)90002-2.
- ^ Ford, R. G.; Krumme, D. W. (1979). "The analysis of space use patterns". J. Theoretical Biology 76 (2): 125–157. doi:10.1016/0022-5193(79)90366-7.
- ^ Baker, J. (2001). "Population density and home range estimates for the Eastern Bristlebird at Jervis Bay, south-eastern Australia". Corella 25: 62–67.
- ^ Creel, S.; Creel, N. M. (2002). The African Wild Dog: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0691016550.
- ^ Meulman, E. P.; Klomp, N. I. (1999). "Is the home range of the heath mouse Pseudomys shortridgei an anomaly in the Pseudomys genus?". Victorian Naturalist 116: 196–201.
- ^ Rurik, L.; Macdonald, D. W. (2003). "Home range and habitat use of the kit fox (Vulpes macrotis) in a prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) complex". J. Zoology 259 (1): 1–5. doi:10.1017/S0952836902002959.
- ^ Burgman, M. A.; Fox, J. C. (2003). "Bias in species range estimates from minimum convex polygons: implications for conservation and options for improved planning". Animal Conservation 6 (1): 19–28. doi:10.1017/S1367943003003044.
- ^ Silverman, B. W. (1986). Density estimation for statistics and data analysis. London: Chapman and Hall. ISBN 0412246201.
- ^ Worton, B. J. (1989). "Kernel methods for estimating the utilization distribution in home-range studies". Ecology 70 (1): 164–168. doi:10.2307/1938423.
- ^ Seaman, D. E.; Powell, R. A. (1996). "An evaluation of the accuracy of kernel density estimators for home range analysis". Ecology 77 (7): 2075–2085. doi:10.2307/2265701.
- ^ Burgman, M. A.; Fox, J. C. (2003). "Bias in species range estimates from minimum convex polygons: implications for conservation and options for improved planning". Animal Conservation 6 (1): 19–28. doi:10.1017/S1367943003003044.
- ^ Getz, W. M.; Wilmers, C. C. (2004). "A local nearest-neighbor convex-hull construction of home ranges and utilization distributions". Ecography 27 (4): 489–505. doi:10.1111/j.0906-7590.2004.03835.x. http://www.cnr.berkeley.edu/%7Egetz/Reprints04/Getz&WilmersEcoG_SF_04.pdf.
- ^ Getz, W. M; Fortmann-Roe, S.; Cross, P. C.; Lyonsa, A. J.; Ryan, S. J.; Wilmers, C. C. (2007). "LoCoH: nonparametric kernel methods for constructing home ranges and utilization distributions". PLoS ONE 2 (2): e207. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000207. http://www.cnr.berkeley.edu/%7Egetz/Reprints06/GetzEtAlPLoSLoCoH07.pdf.
- ^ Getz, W. M.; Wilmers, C. C. (2004). "A local nearest-neighbor convex-hull construction of home ranges and utilization distributions". Ecography 27 (4): 489-505. doi:10.1111/j.0906-7590.2004.03835.x. http://www.cnr.berkeley.edu/%7Egetz/Reprints04/Getz&WilmersEcoG_SF_04.pdf.
- ^ Horne, J. S.; Garton, E. O.; Krone, S. M.; Lewis, J. S. (2007). "Analyzing animal movements using Brownian Bridges". Ecology 88 (9): 2354-2363. doi:10.1890/06-0957.1.
- ^ Steiniger, S.; Hunter, A. J. S. (2012). "A scaled line-based kernel density estimator for the retrieval of utilization distributions and home ranges from GPS movement tracks". Ecological Informatics. doi:10.1016/j.ecoinf.2012.10.002.
- ^ Downs, J. A.; Horner, M. W.; Tucker, A. D. (2011). "Time-geographic density estimation for home range analysis". Annals of GIS 17 (3): 163–171. doi:10.1080/19475683.2011.602023.
- ^ Long, J. A.; Nelson, T. A. (2012). "Time geography and wildlife home range delineation". Journal of Wildlife Management 76 (2): 407–413. doi:10.1002/jwmg.259.
- ^ Steiniger, S.; Hunter, A. J. S. (2012). "OpenJUMP HoRAE – A free GIS and Toolbox for Home-Range Analysis". Wildlife Society Bulletin 36 (3): 600-608. doi:10.1002/wsb.168. (See also: HoRAE - Home Range Analysis and Estimation Toolbox)
- ^ LoCoH: Powerful algorithms for finding home ranges
- ^ AniMove - Animal movement methods
- ^ HoRAE - Home Range Analysis and Estimation Toolbox (open source; methods: Point-Kernel, Line-Kernel, Brownian-Bridge, LoCoH, MCP, Line-Buffer)
- ^ adehabitat for R (open source; methods: Point-Kernel, Line-Kernel, Brownian-Bridge, LoCoH, MCP, GeoEllipse)
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Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
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- 英
- home range
- 関
- ホームレンジ
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- 英
- home range
- 関
- 行動圏
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- 関
- house
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