WordNet

to go or travel towards; "where is she heading"; "We were headed for the mountains"
the length or height based on the size of a human or animal head; "he is two heads taller than his little sister"; "his horse won by a head"
the pressure exerted by a fluid; "a head of steam"
the tip of an abscess (where the pus accumulates)
(nautical) a toilet on board a boat or ship
(usually plural) the obverse side of a coin that usually bears the representation of a persons head; "call heads or tails!"
a projection out from one end; "the head of the nail", "a pinhead is the head of a pin"
a single domestic animal; "200 head of cattle"
the striking part of a tool; "the head of the hammer"
the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains; "he stuck his head out the window" (同)caput
a person who is in charge; "the head of the whole operation" (同)chief, top_dog
(grammar) the word in a grammatical constituent that plays the same grammatical role as the whole constituent (同)head word
a rounded compact mass; "the head of a comet"
a user of (usually soft) drugs; "the office was full of secret heads"
an individual person; "tickets are $5 per head"
that part of a skeletal muscle that is away from the bone that it moves
the foam or froth that accumulates at the top when you pour an effervescent liquid into a container; "the beer had a large head of foam"
the front of a military formation or procession; "the head of the column advanced boldly"; "they were at the head of the attack"
the rounded end of a bone that fits into a rounded cavity in another bone to form a joint; "the head of the humerus"
the top of something; "the head of the stairs"; "the head of the page"; "the head of the list"
be the first or leading member of (a group) and excel; "This student heads the class" (同)head up
be in charge of; "Who is heading this project?" (同)lead
be in the front of or on top of; "The list was headed by the name of the president"
form a head or come or grow to a head; "The wheat headed early this year"
remove the head of; "head the fish"
take its rise; "These rivers head from a mountain range in the Himalayas"
of leafy vegetables; having formed into a head; "headed cabbages"
having a head of a specified kind or anything that serves as a head; often used in combination; "headed bolts"; "three-headed Cerberus"; "a cool-headed fighter pilot"
having a heading or caption; "a headed column"; "headed notepaper"
having a heading or course in a certain direction; "westward headed wagons"
the 5th letter of the Hebrew alphabet
a line of text serving to indicate what the passage below it is about; "the heading seemed to have little to do with the text" (同)header, head

PrepTutorEJDIC

(顔を含めた)『頭』,頭部,首;(髪の生えている部分の)頭 / 『頭脳』,頭の働き,知力,才能;理性 / 『長』,指導者,支配者 / (ある物の)頭,上部,先端,先頭 / (川・泉の)源,水源 / (人・動物の)頭数,一人,1頭 / 『首席』,首位 / 《複数形で》(頭像のある)貨幣の表 / 項目,表題(新聞の)見出し / 《米俗》マリファナ常用者 / 長の,指導者の / …‘の'先頭に立つ,‘を'率いる;…‘の'長である / (…の方へ)…‘を'向ける《+『名』+『for』(『toward』)+『名』》 / (サッカーで)〈ボール〉‘を'頭で受ける,ヘディングする / (…に向かって)進む《+for(toward)+名》・「give a head」で「オーラルセックスをする・相手の性器をなめる」
《所有・所属》…『の』,…のものである,…に属する・《材料・要素》…『でできた』,から成る・《部分》…『の』[『中の』] ・《数量・単位・種類を表す名詞に付いて》…の・《原因・動機》…『で』,のために(because of) ・《主格関係》…『の』,による,によって・《目的格関係》…『を』,の・《同格関係》…『という』・《関係・関連》…『についての』[『の』],の点で・《抽象名詞などと共に》…の[性質をもつ] ・《『It is』+『形』+『of』+『名』+『to』 doの形で,ofの後の名詞を意味上の主語として》・《分離》…『から』・《起原・出所》…『から』[『の』](out of) ・《『名』+『of』+『a』(『an』)+『名』の形で》…のような・《『名』+『of』+『mine』(『yours, his』など独立所有格)の形で》…の…・《時》(1)《副詞句を作って》…に《形容詞句を作って》…の・《時刻》《米》…前(to,《米》before)
頭[部]のある,見出しのある / (キャベツなどが)結球した / 《複合語を作って》「…の頭を持つ」「頭が…の」の意を表す
彼は,彼が / 《指す人の性別が分からないか,または分かる必要のない場合に》その人,あの人,自分 / 《he who(that)の形で》《文》…するものはだれでも / (動物の)おす(雄)
鬼ごっこ(tag,tick,tig)
(章・節などの)表題,見出し

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/02/21 17:42:37」(JST)

wiki en

The upper or proximal extremity of the humerus consists of the bone's large rounded head joined to the body by a constricted portion called the neck, and two eminences, the greater and lesser tubercles.

Humeral head

The head (caput humeri), nearly hemispherical in form. It is directed upward, medialward, and a little backward, and articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral joint (shoulder joint). The circumference of its articular surface is slightly constricted and is termed the anatomical neck, in contradistinction to a constriction below the tubercles called the surgical neck which is frequently the seat of fracture. Fracture of the anatomical neck rarely occurs.^[1] The diameter of the humeral head is generally larger in men than in women.

Anatomical neck

The anatomical neck (collum anatomicum) is obliquely directed, forming an obtuse angle with the body. It is best marked in the lower half of its circumference; in the upper half it is represented by a narrow groove separating the head from the tubercles. It affords attachment to the articular capsule of the shoulder-joint, and is perforated by numerous vascular foramina. Fracture of the anatomical neck rarely occurs.^[1]

The anatomical neck of the humerus is an indentation distal to the head of the humerus on which the articular capsule attaches.

Tubercles

The greater tubercle (tuberculum majus; greater tuberosity) is situated lateral to the head and lesser tubercle, and just lateral to the anatomical neck. Its upper surface is rounded and marked by three flat impressions: the highest of these gives insertion to the supraspinatus muscle; the middle to the infraspinatus muscle; the lowest one, and the body of the bone for about 2.5 cm. below it, to the teres minor muscle. The lateral surface of the greater tubercle is convex, rough, and continuous with the lateral surface of the body.^[1]

The lesser tuberosity or lesser tubercle (tuberculum minus; lesser tuberosity), although smaller, is more prominent than the greater: it is situated in front, and is directed medialward and forward. Above and in front it presents an impression for the insertion of the tendon of the subscapularis muscle.^[1]

Intertubercular groove

The tubercles are separated from each other by a deep groove, the intertubercular groove (bicipital groove), which lodges the long tendon of the biceps brachii muscle and transmits a branch of the anterior humeral circumflex artery to the shoulder-joint. It runs obliquely downward, and ends near the junction of the upper with the middle third of the bone. In the fresh state its upper part is covered with a thin layer of cartilage, lined by a prolongation of the synovial membrane of the shoulder-joint; its lower portion gives insertion to the tendon of the latissimus dorsi muscle. It is deep and narrow above, and becomes shallow and a little broader as it descends. Its lips are called, respectively, the crests of the greater and lesser tubercles (bicipital ridges), and form the upper parts of the anterior and medial borders of the body of the bone.^[1]

Surgical neck

The surgical neck is a narrow area distal to the tubercles that is a common site of fracture. It makes contact with the axillary nerve and the posterior humeral circumflex artery.

Additional images

The left shoulder and acromioclavicular joints, and the proper ligaments of the scapula

Left humerus. Anterior view.

Left humerus. Posterior view.

Left humerus. Anteriolateral view.

Left humerus. Medial view.

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Gray's Anatomy, see infobox

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 頭頚部癌の診断および病期分類の概要 overview of the diagnosis and staging of head and neck cancer
2. 橈骨頭亜脱臼（肘内障） radial head subluxation nursemaids elbow
3. 頭頸部癌の概要 overview of head and neck cancer
4. 幼児および小児における軽微な頭部外傷 minor head trauma in infants and children
5. 頭頸部肉腫 head and neck sarcomas

English Journal

Thinned chimeric radial collateral artery perforator flap in complex distal thumb reconstruction.

Song D1,2, Deng X3, Chen Y3, Xie S4,5, Zhou X6.
Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery.Arch Orthop Trauma Surg.2015 Nov;135(11):1623-31. doi: 10.1007/s00402-015-2324-5. Epub 2015 Sep 16.
INTRODUCTION: Tissue loss accompanied by bone defects in the thumb is a challenging reconstruction problem. Traditional repair methods are unsatisfactory.METHODS: Microsurgical thumb reconstruction was performed using 13 thinned chimeric radial collateral artery (RCA) perforator flaps. The flap was
PMID 26377731

Allometry of the Tendon Enthesis: Mechanisms of Load Transfer Between Tendon and Bone.

Deymier-Black AC, Pasteris JD, Genin GM, Thomopoulos S.
Journal of biomechanical engineering.J Biomech Eng.2015 Nov 1;137(11). doi: 10.1115/1.4031571.
Several features of the tendon-to-bone attachment were examined allometrically to determine load transfer mechanisms. The humeral head diameter increased geometrically with animal mass. Area of the attachment site exhibited a near isometric increase with muscle physiological cross section. In contra
PMID 26355607

Investigation of the mechanical behavior of kangaroo humeral head cartilage tissue by a porohyperelastic model based on the strain-rate-dependent permeability.

Thibbotuwawa N1, Oloyede A1, Senadeera W1, Li T1, Gu Y2.
Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials.J Mech Behav Biomed Mater.2015 Nov;51:248-59. doi: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.07.018. Epub 2015 Jul 29.
Solid-interstitial fluid interaction, which depends on tissue permeability, is significant to the strain-rate-dependent mechanical behavior of humeral head (shoulder) cartilage. Due to anatomical and biomechanical similarities to that of the human shoulder, kangaroos present a suitable animal model.
PMID 26275487

Japanese Journal

肩関節外転90ﾟ位での肩内外旋運動における肩関節3次元動態解析

芝野康司,村瀬剛,吉川秀樹,菅本一臣
中部日本整形外科災害外科学会雑誌. 中部日本整形外科災害外科学会抄録 55(4), 769-770, 2012-07-01
NAID 10031016058

母床からの骨髄由来細胞は腱板修復部に移動する

木田圭重,森原徹,祐成毅,藤原浩芳,堀井基行,久保俊一,立入久和,岩田圭生,黒川正夫
肩関節 36(2), 515-522, 2012
… Cells from the bone marrow are considered important during the rotator cuff repair process, but the kinetics of bone marrow-derived cells in this process is unknown. … The purpose of this study was to analyze the kinetics of bone marrow cells during the rotator cuff repair process, to review whether or not they are histologically involved in rotator cuff healing, and to analyze the biomechanics of the repaired tissues. Methods: …
NAID 130002103726

ロッキングプレートを用いた上腕骨近位端骨折の術後成績

畠山雄二,小林志
肩関節 36(2), 445-448, 2012
… The purpose of this study was to evaluate the operative outcome of proximal humeral fractures using a locking proximal humerus plate. Methods: … The average humeral head (HH) inclination angle was 131.1 degrees (102-160) immediately and 130.4 degrees(97-160) at final follow-up. … Four patients (12.5%) had screw perforation of the HH: three patients (9.4%) had HH necrosis. …
NAID 130002103709

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「上腕骨頭」
関連記事	「heading」「head」

「上腕骨頭」

Upper extremity of humerus
	Left humerus. Anterior and posterior views.
Details
Identifiers
Latin	Extremitas proximalis humeri
FMA	23362
	Anatomical terms of bone [edit on Wikidata]