関: hammer toe

WordNet

beat with or as if with a hammer; "hammer the metal flat"
the part of a gunlock that strikes the percussion cap when the trigger is pulled (同)cock
the act of pounding (delivering repeated heavy blows); "the sudden hammer of fists caught him off guard"; "the pounding of feet on the hallway" (同)pound, hammering, pounding
a power tool for drilling rocks (同)power hammer
a hand tool with a heavy rigid head and a handle; used to deliver an impulsive force by striking
a heavy metal sphere attached to a flexible wire; used in the hammer throw
a striker that is covered in felt and that causes the piano strings to vibrate
walk so that the toes assume an indicated position or direction; "She toes inwards"
(golf) the part of a clubhead farthest from the shaft
the part of footwear that provides a covering for the toes
forepart of a hoof
one of the digits of the foot
drive obliquely; "toe a nail" (同)toenail
drive (a golf ball) with the toe of the club
hit (a golf ball) with the toe of the club
touch with the toe
a pattern of symptoms indicative of some disease
a complex of concurrent things; "every word has a syndrome of meanings"
having a toe or toes of a specified kind; often used in combination; "long-toed; "five-toed"

PrepTutorEJDIC

『金づち』,ハンマー / ハンマーに似た物,(銃の)撃鉄,(ピアノの弦を打つフェルトの)つち,(競売人の)木づち,(ベる・ゴングなどの)打ち子 / (ハンマー投げの)ハンマー / (耳の中の)槌骨(ついこつ) / (金づち・こぶしなどで)…‘を'『こつこつとたたく』(『打つ』)《+『名』+『with』+『名』》 / …‘を'つちでたたいて作る《+『名』+『out,』+『out』+『名』》 / (人の頭に)〈考え・事柄など〉‘を'繰り返して教え込む《+『名』+『into』(『in』)+『名』》 / 《話》〈相手〉‘を'打ち負かす,やっつける / (…を)金づちで打つ;(つえやこぶしなどで)(…を)ドンドンとたたく《+『at』(『on』)+『名』》
『足の指』 / (靴・靴下などの)『つま先』 / (動物の)足指に相当する部分;ひずめの前部 / (形・位置・機能が)足指に似たもの / 〈靴・靴下など〉‘に'つま先を付ける / 〈くぎなど〉‘を'斜めに打ち込む / (斜めに打ち込んだくぎで)…‘を'締める,留める / つま先をある方向に向ける
《方向》(1)(到着の意を含めて)…『へ』,に,まで / 《状況の変化》…[のほう]へ;…に[なるまで],その結果…になる / 《適用範囲》(1)《動詞に伴って》『…に対して』,に,へ / (2)《形容詞[句]・[代]名倍に伴って》『…に対して』 / 《程度・範囲》『…[に至る]まで』 / 《時間の終り》『…まで』(till) / 《to one's+『名』の形で》(…が)『…したことに[は]』 / 《比較・対比・割合》『…と比べて』,より,に対して / 《一致・適合》『…に合わせて』,に合って,に応じて / 《目的・意図》『…のために』 / 《運命・境遇》『…に』 / 《所属・関係》『…へ』,に[対して] / 《付加・付着・固執》『…に』 / 《対立・対向》…に[対して] / いつもの状態(位置)に / 停止(閉鎖)の状態に / 活動状態に(へ),仕事に
《名詞的用法》『…すること』 / 《形容詞的用法》『…するための,すべき』 / 《副詞的用法》『…するために』,して,するとは,すれば / 《独立用法》 / 《文全体を修飾する慣用語句》…すれば,してみると,…だが / 短縮文
(疾患の徴候となる一群の)症徴候,症候群 / (事件・社会的状態などのパターンを示す)徴候形態
足指のある / 《複合語を作って》足指が…の:five-toed 足指が5本の

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/04/27 07:28:54」(JST)

wiki en

A hammer toe or contracted toe is a deformity of the proximal interphalangeal joint of the second, third, or fourth toe causing it to be permanently bent, resembling a hammer. Mallet toe is a similar condition affecting the distal interphalangeal joint.^[1]^[2]

Claw toe is another similar condition, with dorsiflexion of the proximal phalanx on the lesser metatarsophalangeal joint, combined with flexion of both the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints. Claw toe can affect the second, third, fourth, or fifth toes.

Causes

Hammer toe most frequently results from wearing poorly fitting shoes that can force the toe into a bent position, such as excessively high heels or shoes that are too short or narrow for the foot. Having the toes bent for long periods of time can cause the muscles in them to shorten, resulting in the hammer toe deformity. This is often found in conjunction with bunions or other foot problem (e.g., a bunion can force the big toe to turn inward and push the other toes). It can also be caused by muscle, nerve, or joint damage resulting from conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, stroke, Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease, complex regional pain syndrome or diabetes.^[3] Hammer toe can also be found in Friedreich's ataxia (GAA trinucleotide repeat).

Corrective surgery for hammer toe

Treatment

In many cases, conservative treatment consisting of physical therapy and new shoes with soft, spacious toe boxes is enough to resolve the condition, while in more severe or longstanding cases podiatric surgery may be necessary to correct the deformity. The patient's doctor may also prescribe some toe exercises that can be done at home to stretch and strengthen the muscles. For example, the individual can gently stretch the toes manually, or use the toes to pick things up off the floor. While watching television or reading, one can put a towel flat under the feet and use the toes to crumple it. The doctor can also prescribe a brace that pushes down on the toes to force them to stretch out their muscles.^{[citation needed]}

References

^ American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
^ Mayo Clinic, "Hammertoe and mallet toe"
^ "Hammer toe and mallet toe – causes". Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 2009-01-30.

External links

Hammer Toe - American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons
Hammer Toes - American Podiatric Medical Association
Aetna Clinical Policy Bulletin: Hammertoe Repair Guidelines for surgical repair

UpToDate Contents

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1. シャルコーマリートゥース病などの一次性の遺伝性運動感覚性ニューロパチー hereditary primary motor sensory neuropathies including charcot marie tooth disease
2. 成人における足の痛みの評価と一般的な原因の診断 evaluation and diagnosis of common causes of foot pain in adults
3. 小児期の限局性強皮症 localized scleroderma in childhood
4. 遺伝性ニューロパチーの概要 overview of hereditary neuropathies
5. フリードライヒ失調症 friedreich ataxia

English Journal

[Lesser toe deformities: What the general practitioner should know].

Harrasser N1, Toepfer A2, Lenze F, Pohlig F, von Eisenhart-Rothe R.
MMW Fortschritte der Medizin.MMW Fortschr Med.2015 Jun 11;157(11):43-4. doi: 10.1007/s15006-015-3217-9.
PMID 26049349

A case of check-rein deformities of the great and lesser toes treated through exploration at the midfoot.

Sinnett T1, Rudge B2, Clark C2.
Foot and ankle surgery : official journal of the European Society of Foot and Ankle Surgeons.Foot Ankle Surg.2015 Mar;21(1):e6-8. doi: 10.1016/j.fas.2014.08.009. Epub 2014 Sep 3.
We present the case of a twenty-two year old man who presented to the orthopaedic clinic complaining of clawing of his great toe. Further examination revealed clawing of the lesser toes and surgical scarring to the fibula and tibia. A history of previous operative fixation for lower limb trauma was
PMID 25682420

Adhesion of flexor hallucis longus at the site of a tibial-shaft fracture--a cause of a checkrein deformity.

Yuen CP1, Lui TH2.
Foot and ankle surgery : official journal of the European Society of Foot and Ankle Surgeons.Foot Ankle Surg.2015 Mar;21(1):e23-6. doi: 10.1016/j.fas.2014.09.011. Epub 2014 Oct 22.
Post-traumatic adhesion of toe flexors at the tibial fracture site resulted in checkrein deformity is rare and only a few case reports or case series were reported in the English literature. Major differential diagnosis includes deep compartment syndrome or adhesion of the muscle due to various caus
PMID 25682418

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「槌趾症候群」「hammer toe症候群」
関連記事	「toed」「toe」「hammer」「to」「syndrome」

「槌趾症候群」

Hammer toe
	A mallet toe is evident on the 3rd digit
Classification and external resources
ICD-10	M20.4, Q66.8
ICD-9	735.4, 755.66
MedlinePlus	001235
MeSH	D037801