関: blood tumor、hematoma

WordNet

a localized swelling filled with blood (同)haematoma

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/11/29 23:50:31」(JST)

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A hematoma or haematoma is a localized collection of blood outside the blood vessels,^[1] usually in liquid form within the tissue. An ecchymosis, commonly (although erroneously) called a bruise, is a hematoma of the skin larger than 10mm.^[2]

It is not to be confused with hemangioma, which is an abnormal buildup of blood vessels in the skin or internal organs.

Presentation

The word "haematoma" came into usage around 1850. The word derives from the Greek roots "heme-" (blood) and -oma, from soma, meaning body = a body of blood. Another etymological derivation would be from "haemat-" and "-oma" = "-ing", thus simply "bleeding".

Hematomas can occur within a muscle. Some hematomas form into hard masses under the surface of the skin. This is caused by the limitation of the blood to a subcutaneous or intramuscular tissue space isolated by fascial planes. This is a key anatomical feature that prevents such injuries from causing massive blood loss. In most cases the sac of blood or hematoma eventually dissolves; however, in some cases they may continue to grow or show no change. If the sac of blood does not disappear, then it may need to be surgically removed. Hematomas can occur when heparin is given via an intramuscular route; to avoid this, heparin must be given intravenously or subcutaneously.

The slow process of reabsorption of hematomas can allow the broken down blood cells and hemoglobin pigment to move in the connective tissue. For example, a patient who injures the base of his thumb might cause a hematoma, which will slowly move all through the finger within a week. Gravity is the main determinant of this process.

Hematomas on articulations can reduce mobility of a member and present roughly the same symptoms as a fracture.

In most cases, movement and exercise of the affected muscle is the best way to introduce the collection back into the blood stream.

A mis-diagnosis of a hematoma in the vertebra can sometimes occur; this is correctly called a hemangioma (buildup of cells) or a benign tumor.

Classification

Types

Subdermal hematoma (under the skin)
Skull/brain:
- Subgaleal hematoma – between the galea aponeurosis and periosteum
- Cephalohematoma – between the periosteum and skull. Commonly caused by vacuum delivery and vertex delivery.
- Epidural hematoma – between the skull and dura mater
- Subdural hematoma – between the dura mater and arachnoid mater
- Subarachnoid hematoma – between the arachnoid mater and pia mater (the subarachnoid space)
- Othematoma – between the skin and the layers of cartilage of the ear

Breast hematoma (breast)
Perichondral hematoma (ear)
Perianal hematoma (anus)
Subungual hematoma (nail)

Degrees

Petechiae – small pinpoint hematomas less than 3 mm in diameter
Purpura (purple) – a bruise about 1 cm in diameter, generally round in shape
Ecchymosis – subcutaneous extravasation of blood in a thin layer under the skin, i.e. bruising or "black and blue," over 1 cm in diameter

References

Notes

^ "Hematoma, toenail, gross". library.med.utah.edu. 2013. Retrieved January 18, 2013.
^ April 10, 2013. "Information on Hematoma Types, Causes, and Treatments on". Emedicinehealth.com. Retrieved 2013-04-11.

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Perioperative clopidogrel and postoperative events after hip and knee arthroplasties.

Nandi S, Aghazadeh M, Talmo C, Robbins C, Bono J.SourceDepartment of Orthopedics, New England Baptist Hospital, Tufts University School of Medicine, 125 Parker Hill Avenue, Boston, MA, 02120, USA.
Clinical orthopaedics and related research.Clin Orthop Relat Res.2012 May;470(5):1436-41. Epub 2012 Mar 9.
BACKGROUND: Hip and knee arthroplasties are widely performed and vascular disease among patients having these procedures is common. Clopidogrel is a platelet inhibitor that decreases the likelihood of thrombosis. It may cause intraoperative and postoperative bleeding, but its discontinuation increas
PMID 22402810

Induction of the early inflammatory-mediated cellular responses of fracture healing in vitro using platelet releasate-containing alginate/CaPO(4) biomaterials for early osteoarthritis prevention.

McCanless JD, Jennings LK, Cole JA, Bumgardner JD, Haggard WO.SourceBiomedical Engineering Department, Herff College of Engineering, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152-3210.
Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A.J Biomed Mater Res A.2012 May;100(5):1107-14. doi: 10.1002/jbm.a.34038. Epub 2012 Feb 15.
A significant gap exists in our understanding of subchondral and cancellous bone changes that may regulate osteoarthritis progression. Herein, we complement our prior osteochondrogenesis work with growth factor elution and monocyte and endothelial cell activation using two biomaterial formulations.
PMID 22337563

Japanese Journal

法医学における検査の役割 : —DNA型判定の基礎から死後画像診断まで—

永井淳
医用画像情報学会雑誌 28(3), 66-71, 2011
… Postmortem imaging by computed tomography(CT)is useful for forensic casework because it easily reveals bone fractures, pneumothorax and specific haemorrhagic lesions such as cerebral haemorrhage, subarachnoid haemorrhage and subdural haematoma. …
NAID 130001206624

妊娠中に特発性の脊髄硬膜下と脊髄硬膜外血腫を発症した1症例

原賀勇壮,杉恭之,比嘉和夫 [他]
麻酔 59(6), 773-775, 2010-06
NAID 40017168734

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「血腫」「blood tumor」

「血腫」

Hematoma
Classification and external resources
Specialty	Emergency medicine
ICD-10	M79.81
ICD-9-CM	729.92
DiseasesDB	5487
MeSH	D006406

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英: hematoma
ラ: haematoma
同: 血瘤
関

MRI

参考1

血腫におけるヘモグロビンの変性とMRI所見
出血	血液成分	T1強調画像	T2強調画像
直後(～24時間)	オキシヘモグロビン	軽度低信号	軽度高信号
1～3日(急性期)	デオキシヘモグロビン	軽度低信号	低信号
3日～1カ月(亜急性期)	血球外メトヘモグロビン	高信号	高信号
1カ月以上(慢性期)	ヘモジデリン	軽度低信号	低信号

参考

1. B．産婦人科検査法 9．婦人科疾患のMRI 診断 - 日産婦誌53巻6号

http://www.jsog.or.jp/PDF/53/5306-099.pdf

「blood tumor」

　　[★]

血腫

関: haematoma、hematoma

[1] "Hematoma, toenail, gross". library.med.utah.edu. 2013. Retrieved January 18, 2013.

[2] April 10, 2013. "Information on Hematoma Types, Causes, and Treatments on". Emedicinehealth.com. Retrieved 2013-04-11.

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案内

haematoma