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the period during which an embryo develops (about 266 days in humans) (同)gestation period
the conception and development of an idea or plan
of or relating to gestation

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妊娠;妊娠期間 / (計画などの)立案

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/09/22 18:40:27」(JST)

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Gestational choriocarcinoma is a malignant trophoblastic tumour arising from any gestational event during pregnancy in the reproductive female. Women with gestational choriocarcinoma may present with abnormal vaginal bleeding, persistent markedly elevated βhCG, or a history of prior pregnancy. Most patients develop gestational choriocarcinoma shortly after gestational anomalies, but pathology may occur after a long latency of years. It may occur during pregnancy. Often, it happens after a growth of some sort in the womb (pregnancy, tumor, mole, cyst)^[1]

Diagnosis

Grossly, a red hemorrhagic mass is seen in the uterus, though it may vary in size. Often, diagnosis is presumptive, and based on clinical findings and the identification of a malignant trophoblast. One prevalent symptom is vaginal bleeding after a pregnancy, abortion, or hydatid mole.^[2] A pregnancy test will be positive even if there is no embryo/fetus.^[3]

Treatment

Chemotherapy is the treatment of choice. In certain cases, a hysterectomy and radiation are necessary.^[4]

Outcome

At the time of diagnosis, more than 90% of patients already have lung metastases, though there are also less frequent metastases to the brain and liver. With chemotherapy, there is an 80% 5-year survival rate. Ultimately, death is related to liver and brain metastases.

External links

womenscancercenter.com --> Trophoblastic Disease, by Jeffrey L. Stern, M.D.
MyMolarPregnancy.com

References

^ NIH. "Choriocarcinoma". Retrieved 10 August 2012.
^ NIH. "Choriocarcinoma". Retrieved 10 August 2012.
^ NIH. "Choriocarcinoma". Retrieved 10 August 2012.
^ NIH. "Choriocarcinoma". Retrieved 10 August 2012.

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1. 妊娠性絨毛腫瘍：疫学、臨床的特徴、診断、病期分類、およびリスク層別化 gestational trophoblastic neoplasia epidemiology clinical features diagnosis staging and risk stratification
2. 妊娠性絨毛性疾患：病理 gestational trophoblastic disease pathology
3. 卵巣胚細胞腫瘍：病理学、臨床症状、および診断 ovarian germ cell tumors pathology clinical manifestations and diagnosis
4. ヒト絨毛性性ゴナドトロピン：妊娠および妊娠性絨毛性疾患の検査と低検査値が持続する原因 human chorionic gonadotropin testing in pregnancy and gestational trophoblastic disease and causes of low persistent levels
5. 胞状奇胎：疫学、臨床症状、および診断 hydatidiform mole epidemiology clinical features and diagnosis

English Journal

MicroRNA-34a is a tumor suppressor in choriocarcinoma via regulation of Delta-like1.

Pang RT, Leung CO, Lee CL, Lam KK, Ye TM, Chiu PC, Yeung WS.AbstractABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Choriocarcinoma is a gestational trophoblastic tumor which causes high mortality if left untreated. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non protein-coding RNAs which inhibit target gene expression. The role of miRNAs in choriocarcinoma, however, is not well understood. In this study, we examined the effect of miR-34a in choriocarcinoma.
BMC cancer.BMC Cancer.2013 Jan 18;13(1):25. [Epub ahead of print]
ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Choriocarcinoma is a gestational trophoblastic tumor which causes high mortality if left untreated. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non protein-coding RNAs which inhibit target gene expression. The role of miRNAs in choriocarcinoma, however, is not well understood. In this study,
PMID 23327670

Pure nongestational choriocarcinoma of the ovary: a case report.

Ro DY, Choi YJ, Chun KY, Kim YW.AbstractABSTRACT: Pure ovarian choriocarcinoma can be gestational or nongestational in origin. Nongestational choriocarcinoma of the ovary is extremely rare, and its diagnosis is very difficult during the reproductive years. We present a case of a 33-year-old woman diagnosed with pure nongestational ovarian choriocarcinoma. Following surgery, multiple courses of a chemotherapy regimen of etoposide, methotrexate, and actinomycin-D (EMA) were effective.
World journal of surgical oncology.World J Surg Oncol.2013 Jan 15;11(1):7. [Epub ahead of print]
ABSTRACT: Pure ovarian choriocarcinoma can be gestational or nongestational in origin. Nongestational choriocarcinoma of the ovary is extremely rare, and its diagnosis is very difficult during the reproductive years. We present a case of a 33-year-old woman diagnosed with pure nongestational ovarian
PMID 23320455

Japanese Journal

Differential expression and the anti-apoptotic effect of human placental neurotrophins and their receptors.

Fujita K,Tatsumi K,Kondoh E,Chigusa Y,Mogami H,Fujii T,Yura S,Kakui K,Konishi I
Placenta 32(10), 737-744, 2011-10
… TrkB, a NTR, mRNA was expressed on decidual and villous tissue and increased with gestational age, localizing in the trophoblast layer and endothelium by immunohistochemistry. … Villous TrkB mRNA was significantly increased in preeclampsia (PE) than in controls and was higher in the normotensive small for gestational age (SGA) placenta, although it was not significant. …
NAID 120003477795