発芽率

WordNet

a proportion in relation to a whole (which is usually the amount per hundred) (同)percent, per centum, pct
the process whereby seeds or spores sprout and begin to grow (同)sprouting
the origin of some development; "the germination of their discontent"

PrepTutorEJDIC

百分率,割合 / 《複数形で》見込み,確率
発芽,発生

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1. 破傷風 tetanus
2. 前立腺癌：リスクの層別化、他の予後因子、および予測ツール prostate cancer risk stratification other prognostic factors and predictive tools
3. HIV感染成人におけるプライマリケア primary care of hiv infected adults
4. 発熱性好中球減少症症候群の概要 overview of neutropenic fever syndromes
5. HIV感染患者における肺アスペルギルス症および侵襲性疾患の疫学および臨床症状 epidemiology and clinical manifestations of pulmonary aspergillosis and invasive disease in hiv infected patients

English Journal

Characterization of Iprodione Resistance in Botrytis cinerea from Strawberry and Blackberry.

Grabke A, Fernández-Ortuño D, Amiri A, Li X, Peres NA, Smith P, Schnabel G.AbstractABSTRACT Gray mold, caused by the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea, is one of the most destructive diseases of strawberry. Control of the disease in commercial fields is largely dependent on the application of fungicides, including the dicarboximide iprodione. Single-spore isolates were collected from strawberry fields in Florida, North Carolina, and South Carolina and subjected to an assay using conidial germination that distinguished sensitive (S) isolates from isolates with various levels of resistance to iprodione. Of the 245 isolates, 1 was highly resistant (HR), 5 were moderately resistant (MR), and 43 had low resistance (LR) to iprodione. LR and MR strains were found in the Florida population and in 9 of 11 locations from North Carolina and South Carolina, indicating that resistance was widespread but accounted for only a relatively small percentage of the B. cinerea population. Sequence analysis of the target gene bos1, which codes for a class III histidine kinase, revealed that the MR phenotype was associated with Q369P and N373S mutations and that the LR phenotype was associated with either a I365S or a I365N mutation. The I365S and I365N mutations were also present in five additionally included HR isolates from North Carolina and South Carolina blackberry fields and one HR isolate from a Virginia strawberry field but no mutation or mutation combinations in bos1 were uniquely associated with the HR phenotype. Expression analysis of bos1 in S and HR isolates did not reveal convincing evidence of the gene's involvement in HR resistance either. The six HR isolates had three different phenotypes with respect to their sensitivity to fludioxonil; two were S, two were LR, and two were MR. The fludioxonil LR and MR isolates were also resistant to tolnaftate, an indication of multidrug efflux pump activity. These data suggest that, in addition to point mutations in bos1, drug efflux pump activity and potentially a third mechanism of resistance may be contributing to the iprodione HR phenotype. Detached fruit studies showed that field rates of Rovral 4 Flowable (iprodione) did not control iprodione MR and HR isolates.
Phytopathology.Phytopathology.2014 Apr;104(4):396-402. doi: 10.1094/PHYTO-06-13-0156-R.
ABSTRACT Gray mold, caused by the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea, is one of the most destructive diseases of strawberry. Control of the disease in commercial fields is largely dependent on the application of fungicides, including the dicarboximide iprodione. Single-spore isolates were collected fr
PMID 24156554

An efficient in vitro system for somatic embryogenesis and podophyllotoxin production in Podophyllum hexandrum Royle.

Rajesh M1, Sivanandhan G, Jeyaraj M, Chackravarthy R, Manickavasagam M, Selvaraj N, Ganapathi A.Author information 1Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India, rajeshmanoh@gmail.com.AbstractPodophyllum hexandrum Royle known as Indian mayapple is an important medicinal plant found only in higher altitudes (2,700 to 4,200 m) of the Himalayas. The highly valued anticancer drug Podophyllotoxin is obtained from the roots of this plant. Due to over exploitation, this endemic plant species is on the verge of extinction. In vitro culture for efficient regeneration and the production of podophyllotoxin is an important research priority for this plant. Hence, in the present study, an efficient plant regeneration system for mass multiplication through somatic embryogenesis was developed. We have screened P. hexandrum seeds collected from three different regions in the Himalayas to find their regenerative potentials. These variants showed variation in germination percentage as well as somatic embryogenic frequency. The seeds collected from the Milam area of Pithoragarh district showed better germination response (99.3 %) on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium fortified with Gibberellic acid (GA3 [5 mg/l]) and higher direct somatic embryogenic frequency (89.6 %). Maximum production of embryogenic callus (1.2 g fresh weight [FW]) was obtained when cotyledons containing the direct somatic embryo clusters were cultured in MS medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D [1.5 mg/l]) after 4 week of culture in complete darkness. In the present investigation, somatic embryogenesis was accomplished either by direct organogenesis or callus mediated pathways. The latter method resulted in a higher frequency of somatic embryo induction in hormone-free MS medium yielding 47.7 embryos/50 mg of embryogenic callus and subsequent germination in MS medium supplemented with GA3 (5 mg/l). Seventy-nine percent of embryos attained complete maturity and germinated into normal plants with well-developed roots. Systematic histological analysis revealed the origin of somatic embryo and their ontogenesis. The higher level of podophyllotoxin (1.8 mg/g dry weight [DW]) was recorded in germinated somatic embryos when compared to field grown plants. The present system can be widely used for mass propagation, transgenic recovery, and podophyllotoxin production for commercial utilization.
Protoplasma.Protoplasma.2014 Mar 16. [Epub ahead of print]
Podophyllum hexandrum Royle known as Indian mayapple is an important medicinal plant found only in higher altitudes (2,700 to 4,200 m) of the Himalayas. The highly valued anticancer drug Podophyllotoxin is obtained from the roots of this plant. Due to over exploitation, this endemic plant species i
PMID 24633328

Pulsed light inactivation of naturally occurring moulds on wheat grain.

Aron Maftei N1, Ramos-Villarroel AY, Nicolau AI, Martín-Belloso O, Soliva-Fortuny R.Author information 1Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering 'Dunarea de Jos', University of Galati, 800201, Galati, Romania.AbstractBACKGROUND: Pulsed light (PL) is emerging as a non-thermal technology with excellent prospects for the decontamination of foods and food contact surfaces. Its application for mould inactivation on cereal grains would allow a reduction of storage losses as well as the prevention of mycotoxin contamination at a post-harvest level. The potential of PL for the decontamination of naturally occurring moulds on wheat grain was investigated in this study.
Journal of the science of food and agriculture.J Sci Food Agric.2014 Mar 15;94(4):721-6. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.6324. Epub 2013 Aug 27.
BACKGROUND: Pulsed light (PL) is emerging as a non-thermal technology with excellent prospects for the decontamination of foods and food contact surfaces. Its application for mould inactivation on cereal grains would allow a reduction of storage losses as well as the prevention of mycotoxin contamin
PMID 23900889

Japanese Journal

トマト F<sub>1</sub> 品種'VTM580'の種子および苗の生理的能力に及ぼす生育季節，果実の熟度ならびに貯蔵の影響

The Horticulture Journal 86(1), 121-131, 2017
NAID 130005312802

Season, Fruit Maturity, and Storage Affect on the Physiological Quality of F1 Hybrid 'VTM580' Tomato Seeds and Seedlings

The Horticulture Journal advpub(0), 2017
NAID 130005153885

Anatomical Observations of Pollen Starch Accumulation and Pollen Germinability as Affected by Pre-anthesis Night Temperatures in Cherimoya (<i>Annona cherimola</i> Mill.)