functional dysphonia

機能性発声障害

WordNet

1. perform as expected when applied; "The washing machine wont go unless its plugged in"; "Does this old car still run well?"; "This old radio doesnt work anymore" (同)work, operate, go, run
2. (mathematics) a mathematical relation such that each element of a given set (the domain of the function) is associated with an element of another set (the range of the function) (同)mathematical function, single-valued function, map, mapping
3. a relation such that one thing is dependent on another; "height is a function of age"; "price is a function of supply and demand"
4. the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group; "the function of a teacher"; "the government must do its part"; "play its role" (同)office, part, role
5. what something is used for; "the function of an auger is to bore holes"; "ballet is beautiful but what use is it?" (同)purpose, role, use
6. a formal or official social gathering or ceremony; "it was a black-tie function"
7. relating to or based on function especially as opposed to structure; "the problem now is not a constitutional one; it is a functional one"; "delegates elected on a functional rather than a geographical basis"
8. fit or ready for use or service; "the toaster was still functional even after being dropped"; "the lawnmower is a bit rusty but still usable"; "an operational aircraft"; "the dishwasher is now in working order" (同)usable, useable, operable, operational
9. designed for or adapted to a function or use; "functional education selects knowledge that is concrete and usable rather than abstract and theoretical"; "functional architecture"
10. designed for or capable of a particular function or use; "a style of writing in which every word is functional"; "functional architecture"
11. involving or affecting function rather than physiology; "functional deafness"
12. speech disorder attributable to a disorder of phonation

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. (人・物の果たすべき)『働き』,機能,役目;《しばしば複数形で》職務 / (公式の)儀式,《話》大きな催し(集まり),式典 / (数学で)関数 / 〈機械などが〉『機能を果たす』,動く / (…の)役目をする,代用となる《+『as』+『名』》
2. 『機能上の』 / (余分なものが無く)機能的な,実用的な / (数学で)関数の

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/04/04 12:47:04」(JST)

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Dysphonia

ICD-10	R49
ICD-9	784.42
MeSH	D055154

Dysphonia is the medical term for disorders of the voice: an impairment in the ability to produce voice sounds using the vocal organs (it is distinct from dysarthria which signifies dysfunction in the muscles needed to produce speech). Thus, dysphonia is a phonation disorder. The dysphonic voice can be hoarse or excessively breathy, harsh, or rough, but some kind of phonation is still possible (contrasted with the more severe aphonia where phonation is impossible).

Dysphonia has either organic or functional causes due to impairment of any one of the vocal organs. However, typically it is caused by some kind of interruption of the ability of the vocal folds to vibrate normally during exhalation. Thus, it is most often observed in the production of vowel sounds. For example, during typical normal phonation, the vocal folds come together to vibrate in a simple open/closed cycle modulating the airflow from the lungs. Weakness (paresis) of one side of the larynx can prevent simple cyclic vibration and lead to irregular movement in one or both sides of the glottis. This irregular motion is heard as roughness. This is quite common in vocal fold paresis.

Common types of dysphonia

• Organic dysphonia
  • Laryngitis (Acute: viral / bacterial) - (Chronic: smoking / GERD / LPR (Laryngopharyngeal Reflux) ).
  • Neoplasm (Premalignant: dysplasia) - (Malignant: Squamous cell carcinoma).
  • Trauma (Iatrogenic: surgery / intubation) - (Accidental: blunt / penetrating / thermal).
  • Endocrine (Hypothyroidism / hypogonadism).
  • Haematological (Amyloidosis).
  • Iatrogenic (inhaled corticosteroids)

• Functional dysphonia
  • Psychogenic
  • Vocal misuse
  • Idiopathic

Associated conditions (incomplete list)

• Voice disorders
  • Laryngitis
  • Chorditis
  • Vocal cord nodules
  • Vocal fold cyst
  • Reinke's Edema (Mostly caused by smoking)
  • Laryngeal papillomatosis
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease: When there is a clinical suspicion for GERD as the cause of the dysphonia, an Esophageal pH Monitoring is required to confirm the diagnosis and establish the relationship between GERD and dysphonia.

• Laryngeal cancer
• Myasthenia gravis
• Hypothyroidism
• Hyperthyroidism
• Sinusitis
• Lung cancer
• Juvenile dermatomyositis
• Parkinson's disease
• Botulinum toxin

Clinical measurement

Dysphonia is measured using a variety of examination tools that allow the clinician to see the pattern of vibration of the vocal folds, principally laryngeal videostroboscopy. Acoustic examination is also common, obtained by recording the sounds made during sustained phonation or whilst speaking. Another tool is electroglottography.

Subjective measurement of the severity of dysphonia is carried out by trained clinical staff. The GRBAS (Grade, Roughness, Breathiness, Asthenia, Strain) scale or the Oates Perceptual Profile are widely used for this purpose. Objective measurement of the severity of dysphonia typically requires signal processing algorithms applied to acoustic or electroglottographic recordings. These include algorithms such as jitter, shimmer and noise-to-harmonics ratios, but these have been shown to have some critical limitations, particularly for severe dysphonia. Recent advances in signal processing theory have led to more robust algorithms.

See also

• National Center for Voice and Speech
• Human Voice
• Vocology
• Otorhinolaryngology#Laryngology

References

External links

• Vocal Dysphonia and Vocal Disorder Online Support Network
• VoiceInfo.org
• Pediatric ENT
• WrongDiagnosis
• Objective measurement of dysphonia for clinical purposes.
• Marshall
• NetDoctor
• Singing Voice
• National Center for Voice and Speech's official website
• The Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology at the University of Iowa's official website
• The Voice Academy's official website

UpToDate Contents

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• 3. 小児における嗄声：病因およびマネージメント hoarseness in children etiology and management
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• 5. 頭頚部癌の後期合併症のマネージメントおよびその治療 management of late complications of head and neck cancer and its treatment

English Journal

• Functional outcomes after supracricoid laryngectomy: what do we not know and what do we need to know?

• Schindler A1, Pizzorni N2, Mozzanica F2, Fantini M3, Ginocchio D4, Bertolin A5, Crosetti E6, Succo G3.
• European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery.Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol.2015 Nov 6. [Epub ahead of print]
• Supracricoid laryngectomies (SCLs) are conservative organ-sparing surgical techniques for the treatment of selected T2-T4 laryngeal carcinomas. Although these procedures allow preserving the larynx and its functions, in several countries SCLs are not adopted in oncological protocols. One of the poss
• PMID 26545378

• Voice Disorders: Etiology and Diagnosis.

• Martins RH1, do Amaral HA2, Tavares EL3, Martins MG4, Gonçalves TM3, Dias NH3.
• Journal of voice : official journal of the Voice Foundation.J Voice.2015 Nov 4. pii: S0892-1997(15)00217-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2015.09.017. [Epub ahead of print]
• OBJECTIVES: Voice disorders affect adults and children and have different causes in different age groups. The aim of the study is to present the etiology and diagnosis dysphonia in a large population of patients with this voice disorder.for dysphonia of a large population of dysphonic patients.METHO
• PMID 26547607

• Characterization Methods for the Detection of Multiple Voice Disorders: Neurological, Functional, and Laryngeal Diseases.

• Orozco-Arroyave JR, Belalcazar-Bolanos EA, Arias-Londono JD, Vargas-Bonilla JF, Skodda S, Rusz J, Daqrouq K, Honig F, Noth E.
• IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics.IEEE J Biomed Health Inform.2015 Nov;19(6):1820-8. doi: 10.1109/JBHI.2015.2467375. Epub 2015 Aug 12.
• This paper evaluates the accuracy of different characterization methods for the automatic detection of multiple speech disorders. The speech impairments considered include dysphonia in people with Parkinson's disease (PD), dysphonia diagnosed in patients with different laryngeal pathologies (LP), an
• PMID 26277012

Japanese Journal

• 喉頭癌に対する経口的切除術

• 冨藤 雅之,荒木 幸仁,塩谷 彰浩
• 喉頭 24(2), 53-57, 2012
• … We described transoral surgery for laryngeal cancer in terms of surgical indication, treatment outcome and postoperative functional analysis. … When a partial or total thyroarytenoid muscle resection is required (type III-VI), surgeons should inform patients about the possibility of postoperative dysphonia. …
• NAID 130003375644

• 患者会の活動 (パーキンソン病のリハビリテーション)

• 舟波 真美
• Monthly book medical rehabilitation (135), 86-92, 2011-08
• NAID 40018959062

• Meige 症候群に対する両側淡蒼球刺激術

• 佐光 亘,森垣 龍馬,溝渕 圭史,永廣 信治,梶 龍兒,後藤 惠
• Functional
• NAID 10029745519

Related Links

• Functional dysphonia - Homepages at WMU

Management of functional dysphonia Despite considerable controversy surrounding causal mechanisms, the clinical voice literature is replete with evidence that symptomatic voice therapy for functional voice disorders can often ...

• Functional Dysphonia | University of Michigan Health System

Dysphonia (diss-PHONE-nee-yah) is the medical term for disorders of the voice. Functional dysphonia is poor voice quality without any obvious anatomical, neurological or other organic difficulties affecting the larynx or voice box. It is ...

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「機能性発声障害」
関連記事	「function」「functional」

「機能性発声障害」

　　[★]

英

functional dysphonia

関

発声障害、機能性音声障害

「function」

　　[★]

• n.

• 機能、(数学)関数、(化学)官能基

survival as a function of HbA1c in people with type 2 diabetes HbA1cの機能を考慮（指標に）した2型糖尿病の患者の生存（予後）

Figure 2A shows survival as a function of device removal during index hpspitalization, censored at 1 year or date of last contact. (Figure2Aはは最初の入院中における心臓デバイス除去に関する生存曲線で退院後1年もしくは最後の接触で打ち切っている)

• v.

• 機能する

関

functional、functional group、functionalise、functionalize、operate

　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「functional」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 機能的な、機能性の、機能の、機能上の、(化学)官能基の

関

function、functional group、functionalise、functionality、functionalize、functionally、operate